Author name: DJ Henderson

michigan-man-learns-the-hard-way-that-“catch-a-cheater”-spyware-apps-aren’t-legal

Michigan man learns the hard way that “catch a cheater” spyware apps aren’t legal

Despite being repeatedly told that people were using his product to spy on others without their consent, Fleming helped them with tech support.

A government investigator even opened up an affiliate marketing account for pcTattletale, and Fleming reached out to offer ready-made banner ads with text like “pcTattletale Cheating Husband? #1 catch a cheater spy tracker” and “pcTattletale Husband Cheating? Best Catch a Cheater Spy App.”

Fleming noted in an email that pcTattletale was more successful when marketed at women, because “There are a lot more women wanting to catch their man then [sic] the other way around.” Financial records showed that Fleming was selling around 1,200 pcTattletale subscriptions a year at anywhere from $99 to $300.

Based on all this, the government obtained a search warrant in late 2022 and raided the Bruce Township home where Fleming lived.

In 2024, TechCrunch reported that pcTattletale was hacked and much of its data was leaked. Apparently, hackers had gained access to the company’s private keys for the Amazon Web Services account where most of the video data created by the app was stored. Fleming claimed at the time that his company was “out of business and completely done” after the breach.

The feds eventually charged Fleming with selling a product while “knowing or having reason to know” that the software was “primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of wire, oral, or electronic communications.” This week in California, Fleming pled guilty to a single count and was released on his own recognizance while awaiting sentencing.

One piece of stalkerware is off the market; unfortunately, many others remain, and their owners and operators are often harder to find.

Michigan man learns the hard way that “catch a cheater” spyware apps aren’t legal Read More »

high-ram-prices-mean-record-setting-profits-for-samsung-and-other-memory-makers

High RAM prices mean record-setting profits for Samsung and other memory makers

Supply shortages and big price increases for RAM and storage have been a major drag for enthusiasts and PC builders in recent months. And while we haven’t yet seen large, widespread price increases for memory-dependent products like pre-built laptop PCs, smartphones, and graphics cards, most companies expect that to change this year if shortages continue.

In the meantime, memory manufacturers are riding high demand and high prices to record profits.

In revenue guidance released this week, Samsung Electronics predicts it will make between 19.9 and 20.1 trillion Korean won in operating profit (roughly $13.8 billion USD) in Q4 2025, compared to just 6.49 trillion won in Q4 of 2024.

Samsung is way more than just a memory business, of course, but its fortunes often rise and fall along with its memory division; Samsung’s profits were dropping dramatically in 2023 partly because of an oversupply of memory that made its memory division lose billions of dollars.

Less-diversified companies that primarily make memory are also raking in money lately. SK Hynix posted its “highest-ever quarterly performance” in Q3 of 2025 with 11.38 trillion Korean won (about $7.8 billion) in operating profit, up from 7.03 trillion in Q3 of 2024, and an operating margin that increased from 40 percent to 47 percent. SK Hynix credits “expanding investments in AI infrastructure” and “surging demand for AI servers” for its performance.

Micron—which recently decided to exit the consumer RAM and storage markets but is still selling its products to other businesses—also reported a big boost to net income year over year, from $1.87 billion in Q1 2025 to $5.24 billion in Q1 2026. This has generated the company’s “highest ever free cash flow.”

“Total company revenue, DRAM and NAND revenue, as well as HBM and data center revenue and revenue in each of our business units, also reached new records [in fiscal Q1],” wrote Micron CEO Sanjay Mehrotra.

Why is RAM so expensive right now?

Reading these upbeat earnings reports and forecasts will be cold comfort to people trying to build or upgrade a PC, who have seen the price of a 32GB kit of DDR5-6000 increase from $80 in August 2025 to $340 today. And if the current AI boom continues, it’s unlikely to improve in the near term.

High RAM prices mean record-setting profits for Samsung and other memory makers Read More »

rfk-jr.’s-dietary-guidance:-food-funnel-features-slab-of-red-meat,-butter

RFK Jr.’s dietary guidance: Food funnel features slab of red meat, butter

Earning some praise from outside experts, including the American Medical Association, the new guidelines are the first iteration to directly address highly processed foods. While emphasizing “whole, nutrient-dense foods,” it aims for a “dramatic reduction in highly processed foods laden with refined carbohydrates, added sugars, excess sodium, unhealthy fats, and chemical additives.”

While the guidelines don’t provide a clear definition of what constitutes highly processed foods or how consumers can identify them, they do offer some broad examples at various points, including store-bought “chips, cookies, and candy,” and “white bread, ready-to-eat or packaged breakfast options, flour tortillas, and crackers.”

New triangle

In an effort to steer Americans to healthy choices, the new guidance unveils a new(ish) visual aid—a food pyramid that is upside-down, thus resembling a funnel.

The move at least explains a puzzling trend: Over the past year, Kennedy and other Trump administration officials have repeatedly made reference to the food pyramid—though only to mock and scorn it, often with inaccuracies.

“The dietary guidelines that we inherited from the Biden administration were 453 pages long,” Kennedy said in August, referring to the 2020–2025 guidelines, which are 164 pages long. “They were driven by the same commercial impulses that put Froot Loops at the top of the food pyramid.”

On Wednesday’s unveiling of the new guidelines, Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Marty Makary lamented that, “for decades, we’ve been fed a corrupt food pyramid.”

Not only were Froot Loops never listed on a food pyramid, no food pyramid has been included in federal dietary guidelines for over a decade, raising the question of why the administration was repeatedly attacking a defunct polyhedron. The original food pyramid was introduced in 1992, significantly revised in 2005, and ditched entirely in 2011. Since then, the guidelines have used MyPlate as a visual aid, intended to provide a simplistic depiction of the foods people should eat, in their recommended proportions, on a plate.

RFK Jr.’s dietary guidance: Food funnel features slab of red meat, butter Read More »

seasonal-switch-2-sales-show-significant-slowing-as-annual-cycle-sunsets

Seasonal Switch 2 sales show significant slowing as annual cycle sunsets

Lingering sales of the original Switch might also be contributing to the relatively weak holiday performance for the Switch 2. In the UK, at least, the older console is still selling well enough to buoy Nintendo’s overall holiday hardware sales in the country to 7 percent higher than what the company achieved in 2017.

Super Mario Odyssey

Nintendo might need another Super Mario Odyssey-sized hit to keep up sales momentum for the Switch 2.

Credit: Nintendo

Nintendo might need another Super Mario Odyssey-sized hit to keep up sales momentum for the Switch 2. Credit: Nintendo

That said, the transition from record-setting launch sales to relatively underwhelming holiday sales is a worrying sign for the Switch 2’s market momentum. A lack of system-selling Switch 2 exclusive games could explain that movement. In 2017, the October launch of Super Mario Odyssey built holiday excitement for the Switch on top of earlier hits like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Mario Kart 8 Deluxe. For the Switch 2, holiday releases like Pokémon Legends Z-A and Metroid Prime 4 don’t seem to have had as much impact as early system sellers like Mario Kart World and Donkey Kong Bananza.

Thus far, Nintendo’s planned 2026 schedule doesn’t seem primed to offer many big-name exclusive software to turn things around. The year’s first-party lineup is currently anchored by standard sequels for second-tier franchises like Yoshi, Mario Tennis, and Fire Emblem, alongside slightly upgraded “Switch 2 Edition” re-releases of popular Switch games. Aside from Nintendo’s own titles, the planned 2026 release of FromSoft’s Bloodborne-esque Duskbloods as a Switch 2 exclusive could make some fans of the company’s Souls-like games take a second look at the hardware.

Nintendo is likely to announce more Switch 2 exclusives and ports in the coming months, of course. Having a few system-selling blockbusters in that slate could be crucial to propping up the Switch 2’s sales now that pent-up launch-window demand seems largely satiated.

Seasonal Switch 2 sales show significant slowing as annual cycle sunsets Read More »

former-google-ceo-plans-to-singlehandedly-fund-a-hubble-telescope-replacement

Former Google CEO plans to singlehandedly fund a Hubble telescope replacement

Prior to World War II the vast majority of telescopes built around the world were funded by wealthy people with an interest in the heavens above.

However, after the war, two significant developments in the mid-20th century caused the burden of funding large astronomical instruments to largely shift to the government and academic institutions. First, as mirrors became larger and larger to see deeper into the universe, their costs grew exponentially. And then, with the advent of spaceflight, the expense of space-based telescopes expanded even further.

But now the tide may be turning again.

On Wednesday evening, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt and his wife, Wendy, announced a major investment in not just one telescope project, but four. Each of these new telescopes brings a novel capability online; however, the most intriguing new instrument is a space-based telescope named Lazuli. This spacecraft, if successfully launched and deployed, would offer astronomers a more capable and modern version of the Hubble Space Telescope, which is now three decades old.

A billionaire with a keen interest in science and technology, Schmidt and his wife did not disclose the size of his investment in the four telescopes, which collectively will be known as the Schmidt Observatory System. However, it likely is worth half a billion dollars, at a minimum.

“For 20 years, Eric and I have pursued philanthropy to seek new frontiers, whether in the deep sea or in the profound connections that link people and our planet, committing our resources to novel research that reaches beyond what might be funded by governments or the private sector,” Wendy Schmidt said in a statement to Ars. “With the Schmidt Observatory System, we’re enabling multiple approaches to understanding the vast universe where we find ourselves stewards of a living planet.”

Essentially the Schmidts have taken innovative telescope concepts that scientists have proposed for government funding and will provide the money needed to build them. Their gift has enormous potential to advance the study of astronomy and astrophysics.

Former Google CEO plans to singlehandedly fund a Hubble telescope replacement Read More »

expired-certificate-completely-breaks-macos-logitech-apps,-user-customizations

Expired certificate completely breaks macOS Logitech apps, user customizations

If you’re a Mac user with Logitech accessories and you’ve noticed that your settings and customizations seem to have gone away this week, you’re not alone.

The company’s Logi Options+ and G Hub apps for macOS abruptly stopped functioning on Monday, refusing to launch and reverting all accessories’ settings to their built-in defaults.

The culprit, according to both a Logitech support page and Reddit posts from Logitech Head of Global Marketing Joe Santucci, was a security certificate that was inadvertently allowed to expire, rendering both apps non-functional.

“The certificate that expired is used to secure inter-process communications and the expiration results in the software not being able to start successfully,” wrote Santucci in one post. “We dropped the ball here,” he said in another post. “This is an inexcusable mistake. We’re extremely sorry for the inconvenience caused.”

Logitech is already offering patches for both apps that include an updated certificate. But unfortunately for users, one of the features broken by the expired certificate is the app’s built-in updater, meaning that there’s no automated way for Logitech to fix this problem. Anyone who wants their apps to work and their customizations to return will need to manually grab the patch (or updated versions of the apps, which Logitech says it is also working on). If you use both apps, each will need to be patched separately.

Expired certificate completely breaks macOS Logitech apps, user customizations Read More »

appeals-court-agrees-that-congress-blocked-cuts-to-research-costs

Appeals court agrees that Congress blocked cuts to research costs

While indirect rates (the money paid for indirects as a percentage of the money that goes directly to the researcher to support their work) average about 30 percent, many universities have ended up with indirect cost rates above 50 percent. A sudden and unexpected drop to the 15 percent applied retroactively, as planned by the Trump administration, would create serious financial problems for major research universities.

The district court’s initial ruling held that this change was legally problematic in several ways. It violated the Administrative Procedures Act by being issued without any notice or comment, and the low flat rate was found to be arbitrary and capricious, especially compared to the system it was replacing. The ruling determined that the new policy also violated existing procedures within the Department of Health and Human Services.

But the Appeals Court panel of three judges unanimously determined that they didn’t even have to consider all of those issues because Congress had already prohibited exactly this action. In 2017, the first Trump administration also attempted to set all indirect costs to the same low, flat fee, and Congress responded by attaching a rider to a budget agreement that blocked alterations to the NIH overhead policy. Congress has been renewing that rider ever since.

A clear prohibition

In arguing for its new policy, the government tried to present it as consistent with Congress’s prohibition. The rider allowed some exceptions to the normal means of calculating overhead rates, but they were extremely limited; the NIH tried to argue that these exceptions could include every single grant issued to a university, something the court found was clearly inconsistent with the limits set by Congress.

The court also noted that, as announced, the NIH policy applied to every single grant, regardless of whether the recipient was at a university—something it later contended was a result of “inartful language.” But the judges wrote that it’s a bit late to revise the policy, saying, “We cannot, of course, disregard what the Supplemental Guidance actually says in favor of what NIH now wishes it said.”

Appeals court agrees that Congress blocked cuts to research costs Read More »

amazon-alexa+-released-to-the-general-public-via-an-early-access-website

Amazon Alexa+ released to the general public via an early access website

Anyone can now try Alexa+, Amazon’s generative AI assistant, through a free early access program at Alexa.com. The website frees the AI, which Amazon released via early access in February, from hardware and makes it as easily accessible as more established chatbots, like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini.

Until today, you needed a supporting device to access Alexa+. Amazon hasn’t said when the early access period will end, but when it does, Alexa+ will be included with Amazon Prime memberships, which start at $15 per month, or cost $20 per month on its own.

The above pricing suggests that Amazon wants Alexa+ to drive people toward Prime subscriptions. By being interwoven with Amazon’s shopping ecosystem, including Amazon’s e-commerce platform, grocery delivery business, and Whole Foods, Alexa+ can make more money for Amazon.

Just like it has with Alexa+ on devices, Amazon is pushing Alexa.com as a tool for people to organize and manage their household. Amazon’s announcement of Alexa.com today emphasizes Alexa+’s features for planning trips and meals, to-do lists, calendars, and smart homes. Alexa.com “also provides persistent context and continuity, allowing you to access Alexa on whichever device or interface best serves the task at hand, with all previous chats, preferences, and personalization” carrying over, Amazon said.

Amazon already knew a browser-based version of Alexa would be helpful. Alexa was available via Alexa.Amazon.com until around the time Amazon started publicly discussing a generative AI version of Alexa in 2023. Alexa+ is now accessible through Alexa.Amazon.com (in addition to Alexa.com).

“This is a new interaction model and adds a powerful way to use and collaborate with Alexa+,” Amazon said today. “Combined with the redesigned Alexa mobile app, which will feature an agent-forward design, Alexa+ will be accessible across every surface—whether you’re at your desk, on the go, or at home.”

An example of someone using the Alexa+ website to manage smart home devices.

Amazon provided this example of someone using the Alexa+ website to manage smart home devices.

Credit: Amazon

Amazon provided this example of someone using the Alexa+ website to manage smart home devices. Credit: Amazon

Alexa has largely been reported to cost Amazon billions of dollars, despite Amazon’s claim that 600 million Alexa-powered devices have been sold. By incorporating more powerful and generative AI-based features and a subscription fee, Amazon hopes people will use Alexa+ more frequently and for more advanced and essential tasks, resulting in the financial success that has eluded the original Alexa. Amazon is also considering injecting ads into Alexa+ conversations.

Notably, ahead of its final release and while still in early access, Alexa+ has been reported to be slower than expected and struggle with inaccuracies at times. It also lacks some features that Amazon executives have previously touted, like the ability to order takeout.

Amazon Alexa+ released to the general public via an early access website Read More »

tesla-sales-fell-by-9-percent-in-2025,-its-second-yearly-decline

Tesla sales fell by 9 percent in 2025, its second yearly decline

Tesla published its final production and delivery numbers this morning, and they make for brutal reading. Sales were down almost 16 percent during the final three months of last year, meaning the company sold 77,343 fewer electric vehicles than it did during the same period in 2024.

For the entire year, the decline looks slightly better with a drop of 8.6 percent year over year. That means Tesla sold 1,636,129 cars in 2025, 153,097 fewer than it managed in 2024. Which in turn is more than it managed to shift in 2023.

Sales issues

Contributing factors to the poor sales are legion. The brand still relies on the Models 3 and Y to an overwhelming extent, and other than a mild cosmetic refresh, neither feels fresh or modern compared with competitors from Europe and Asia.

And Elon Musk’s much-hyped Cybertruck—which was supposed to cost less than $40,000 and go into production in 2021, lest anyone forget—has been a disaster, eclipsing the Edsel. Its failure has taken down another company initiative, Tesla’s “in-house battery cell.” It was initially designed specifically for the Cybertruck, although the CEO later claimed it would be used for static storage as well as EVs. But apparently, it has become the victim of a lack of demand. Last week, Electrek reported that Tesla’s South Korean battery material supplier L&F wrote down its $2.9 billion contract with Tesla to just $7,386. A drop of more than 99 percent.

Musk has not dialed back his embrace of the far right, cratering sales in markets like California and Europe, where EV buyers often use their consciences to guide their wallets.

Tesla sales fell by 9 percent in 2025, its second yearly decline Read More »

marvel-rings-in-new-year-with-wonder-man-trailer

Marvel rings in new year with Wonder Man trailer

Marvel Studios decided to ring in the new year with a fresh trailer for Wonder Man, its eight-episode miniseries premiering later this month on Disney+. Part of the MCU’s Phase Six, the miniseries was created by Destin Daniel Cretton (Shang-Chi and the Legend of Five Rings) and Andrew Guest (Hawkeye), with Guest serving as showrunner.

As previously reported, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II stars as Simon Williams, aka Wonder Man, an actor and stunt person with actual superpowers who decides to audition for the lead role in a superhero TV series—a reboot of an earlier Wonder Man incarnation. Demetrius Grosse plays Simon’s brother, Eric, aka Grim Reaper; Ed Harris plays Simon’s agent, Neal Saroyan; and Arian Moayed plays P. Clearly, an agent with the Department of Damage Control. Lauren Glazier, Josh Gad, Byron Bowers, Bechir Sylvain, and Manny McCord will also appear in as-yet-undisclosed roles

Rounding out the cast is Ben Kingsley, reprising his MCU role as failed actor Trevor Slattery. You may recall Slattery from 2013’s Iron Man 3, hired by the villain of that film to pretend to be the leader of an international terrorist organization called the Ten Rings.Slattery showed up again in 2021’s Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings,rehabilitated after a stint in prison; he helped the titular Shang-Chi (Simu Liu) on his journey to the mythical village of Ta Lo.

A one-minute teaser that leaned into the meta-humor was released just before New York Comic Con last fall, followed by a full trailer during the event itself which mostly laid out the premise as Simon prepared to audition for his dream role. The new trailer repackages some of that footage, except Simon is asked to sign a form stating that he doesn’t have superpowers. The problem is that he does, and the stress of the audition and the acting process itself brings those superpowers to the fore in explosive fashion. So the “Department of Damage Control” naturally declares Simon an “extraordinary threat.”

Wonder Man premieres on Disney+ on January 27, 2026.

Marvel rings in new year with Wonder Man trailer Read More »

film-technica:-our-top-picks-for-the-best-films-of-2025

Film Technica: Our top picks for the best films of 2025


lighting up the silver screen

Streamers made a strong showing this year, as did horror. Big tentpoles, superhero sagas mostly fell flat.

Credit: Collage by Aurich Lawson

Credit: Collage by Aurich Lawson

Editor’s note: Warning: Although we’ve done our best to avoid spoiling anything too major, please note this list does include a few specific references that some might consider spoiler-y.

It’s been a strange year for movies. Most of the big, splashy tentpole projects proved disappointing, while several more modest films either produced or acquired by streaming platforms—and only briefly released in theaters—wound up making our year-end list. This pattern was not intentional. But streaming platforms have been increasingly moving into the film space with small to medium-sized budgets—i.e., the kind of fare that used to be commonplace but has struggled to compete over the last two decades as blockbusters and elaborate superhero franchises dominated the box office.

Add in lingering superhero fatigue—only one superhero saga made our final list this year—plus Netflix’s controversial bid to acquire Warner Bros., and we just might be approaching a sea change in how movies are made and distributed, and by whom. How this all plays out in the coming year is anybody’s guess.

As always, we’re opting for an unranked list, with the exception of our “year’s best” selection at the very end—this year it’s a three-way tie—so you might look over the variety of genres and options and possibly add surprises to your eventual watchlist. We invite you to head to the comments and add your own favorite films released in 2025.

Ballerina

determined young woman holding a flame thrower.

Credit: Lionsgate

Ana de Armas proves herself a fierce and lethal adversary against a cultish syndicate in Ballerina—excuse me, From the World of John Wick: Ballerina. Chronologically, Ballerina takes place during the events of John Wick Chapter 3: Parabellum. That film gave us a glimpse into John Wick’s (Keanu Reeves) past as he sought aid from the Ruska Roma crime syndicate, led by the Director (Anjelica Huston), where he was trained as an assassin. The Director also trains girls to be ballerina-assassins, one of whom is Eve Macarro (de Armas).

Like Wick, Eve is driven by a personal vendetta: the brutal murder of her father when she was still a child by highly trained and heavily armed assassins. The Director warns Eve that this is a rogue group of lawless cultists and orders her not to pursue the matter. But vengeance will be Eve’s, no matter the cost, as she hunts down the cultists and their enigmatic leader, the Chancellor (Gabriel Byrne).

Ballerina has all the eye-popping visuals, lavish sets, and spectacularly inventive stuntwork one would expect from a film set in the John Wick universe. It’s more tightly plotted than recent entries in the franchise, and the globe-trotting locations make narrative sense; it’s not just an excuse for staging a spectacle. As always, the fight choreography is perfection. Eve is smaller than most of the men she takes on, but that doesn’t make her any less deadly, particularly when she’s more than willing to fight dirty. A fight scene with dueling flame throwers is one for the ages. Despite a few minor quibbles, Ballerina is an immensely entertaining and action-packed addition to the franchise.

Jennifer Ouellette

The Baltimorons

Man in silly hat in front of xmas tree mugging for camera while a woman looks on, rolling her eyes

Credit: IFC

The Baltimorons is a quirky holiday love story about an unlikely pair who find each other by happenstance over the holidays. Didi (Liz Larsen) is a divorced middle-aged dentist whose ex-husband has just gotten married to his much-younger girlfriend—on Christmas eve, no less, so the wedding reception pre-empts Didi’s planned time with her daughter. So she’s on call when a bumbling former improv comedian and recovering alcoholic named Cliff (Michael Strassner) has a dental emergency.

Cliff’s car is towed while she treats him—apparently, this is a regular occurrence—and Didi offers to drive him to the impound lot. They end up going on a quixotic journey around Baltimore, including crashing the family wedding reception and performing at a pop-up improv show, and find themselves drawn together despite their significant age difference.

Director Jay Duplass has a knack for this kind of idiosyncratic fare featuring deeply imperfect yet likable characters, having either written, directed, and/or produced such gems as Safety Not Guaranteed, Horse Girl, Table 19, and Jeff, Who Lives at Home. It falls on Strassner—a Baltimore native who co-wrote the script—and Larsen to carry the film, which they do with considerable charm. You get why Didi and Cliff forge such a bond, even if one questions how long it’s likely to last. The film is also kind of a love letter to Baltimore, aka “Charm City”; if all you know about Baltimore comes from watching The Wire, The Baltimorons will give you a glimpse of the city’s many other neighborhoods and sights.

Jennifer Ouellette

The Phoenician Scheme

middle aged man, a nun, and a younger man in an airplane cabin

Credit: Universal

Auteur director Wes Anderson‘s films have a visual style and tone all their own, and I’ve been a fan of his understated eccentricity since 1998’s Bottle Rocket. OK, 2023’s Asteroid City left me cold, but Anderson returns to top form with The Phoenician Scheme. Benicio del Toro stars as Zsa-Zsa Korda, a 1950s ruthless arms dealer and industrialist who finds himself the target of government assassins—most likely because of his unethical business practices.

He barely survives one attempt ,and a vision of the afterlife convinces Zsa-Zsa that he needs to mend fences with his estranged daughter Liesl (Mia Theapleton), a novice in a convent. He’s also trying to pull off a risky scheme to essentially overhaul the infrastructure of Phoenicia, traveling around the world to meet with investors and convince them to increase their own shares so he can avoid bankruptcy. Liesl joins him on the journey, along with a nerdy Norwegian entomologist named Bjorn (Michael Cera). Wacky hijinks ensue. It has an intricate, sometimes unfocused plot, but Anderson pulls it off with his usual delicate whimsical touch, bolstered by delightfully deadpan performances from the cast.

Jennifer Ouellette

100 Nights of Hero

man and woman in medieval dress holding lamps at night

Credit: IFC

This sumptuous historical fantasy is adapted from Isabel Greenberg’s lavishly illustrated graphic novel of the same name, which is in turn an inventive twist on One Thousand and One Nights. Maika Monroe plays Cherry, the wife of a wealthy medieval landowner named Jerome (Amir El-Masry), who for some reason has not consummated their marriage. Obsessed with his wife’s fidelity, Jerome makes a wager with his handsome friend Manfred (Nicholas Galitzine) that if Manfred successfully seduces Cherry within 100 days, Jerome will give him both Cherry and his castle.

But Cherry’s maid, Hero (Emma Corrin), secretly loves her lady and thwarts Manfred’s seduction attempts by regaling him with captivating stories every night to keep her mistress from succumbing to temptation. And Manfred is most definitely tempting, dragging a freshly killed deer to the castle while bare-chested and covered in its blood. The costumes, production design, and cinematography are stunning, mirroring Cherry’s gradual sexual awakening via romantic triangle. Add in stellar performances, and this is a sensual fairy tale for the ages.

Jennifer Ouellette

Thunderbolts*

group of second-rate superheroes standing together

Credit: Marvel Studios

Thunderbolts* is basically the MCU’s version of The Suicide Squad (2021) with less over-the-top R-rated violence, but it’s just as irreverently entertaining. Black Widow introduced us to Natasha Romanoff’s (Scarlett Johansson) backstory as a child recruited for training as an elite assassin, along with her adoptive sister (and equally lethal assassin) Yelena Belova (Florence Pugh). Thunderbolts* finds Yelena working as a hired mercenary for CIA director Valentina Allegra de Fontaine (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), but she’s still grieving the loss of Natasha, and her heart just isn’t in it.

Yelena decides to quit, and Valentina asks her to do one last covert mission. It turns out to be a trap: Yelena is attacked by super soldier John Walker (Wyatt Russell), Taskmaster (Olga Kurylenko), and Ghost (Hannah John-Kamen). The hope what that they’ll all kill each other and be destroyed along with incriminating evidence—which includes an awkward, nebbishy man in hospital PJs named Bob (Lewis Pullman), who is far more dangerous than he appears. Along with Yelena’s adoptive father, Alexei/Red Guardian (David Harbour), they all team up to take down Valentina instead.

It’s well-plotted and doesn’t take itself too seriously. Director Jake Schreier (Robot & Frank, Beef) expertly balances the action sequences with bantering wisecracks and quieter introspective moments that serve to actually develop the characters, each of whom has their inner demons and plenty of red in their respective ledgers. And Schreier has an incredibly talented cast to work with, all of whom give stellar performances. Thunderbolts* is a refreshing return to peak Marvel form: well-paced, witty, and action-packed with enough heart to ensure you care about the characters.

Jennifer Ouellette

Frankenstein

man in victorian garb in a lab bending over a body on a table

Credit: Netflix

Director Guillermo del Toro has been telling interviewers for years about his enduring love for Mary Shelley’s classic novel and his long-standing desire to direct a film that would capture the novel’s sense of grand Miltonian tragedy. He called this film “the culmination of a journey that has occupied most of my life.” His Frankenstein is probably the most faithful film adaptation yet made (with a few deviations in later acts), even mirroring Shelley’s narrative structure. It’s first told from the perspective of the captain of an Arctic ship trapped in ice en route to the North Pole who rescues a badly wounded Baron Victor Frankenstein (Oscar Isaac). Both Victor and his Creature (Jacob Elordi) then get to tell their versions of the story that brought them to the Arctic.

Known for his lush visuals and high Gothic sensibility, del Toro doesn’t disappoint, with elaborate sets—Victor’s laboratory is a wonder of 19th-century steampunk industrialism—and an innovative design for the Creature. Del Toro is the perfect conduit for this story of an arrogant scientist who tries to play god by creating a monstrous creature, only to become a monster himself. Isaac brings a blend of passionate intensity and cold ambition to his portrayal of Victor, but it’s Elordi who ultimately anchors the film, conveying the fundamental humanity of Shelley’s iconic monster.

Jennifer Ouellette

The Long Walk

group of young boys walking as a group down a road with armed soldiers at the ready

Credit: Lionsgate

Before The Hunger Games, there was The Long Walk, a 1979 novel by Stephen King (writing as Richard Bachman) about a dystopian alternate history in which one young man from each state in a totalitarian US is chosen to participate in a grueling annual contest. They walk. And walk. And walk. If they drop below 3 MPH or stop to rest, they are executed. They keep walking until only one is left standing as the “winner,” rewarded with whatever he wants for life at a time when the country is mired in a deep economic depression. It’s grim material well-suited for a film adaptation by Francis Lawrence, who has directed every film in The Hunger Games franchise. The dude knows his dystopias.

Cooper Hoffman plays Ray Garraty, a contestant from Maine who volunteers for the walk over the objections of his mother. His first wish, should he win, would be for a rifle to kill the Major (Mark Hamill) in charge of the walk, since the Major had executed his father years before. Ray soon bonds with Pete (David Jonsson), but the stakes become crystal clear when the first walker falls: A boy who develops a charley horse and is summarily shot for sitting down. One by one, each boy falls until just two remain.

Lawrence keeps things tense and starkly minimalistic. There are no elaborate sets or costumes. It’s the interactions between the various walkers that drive the story, punctuated by inevitable deaths. The point is that there is no happy ending, regardless of who technically “wins.” There are some deviations from the novel, but Lawrence retains King’s suitably cryptic (and quite bleak) ending. I’m a fan of Andy Muscietti’s two-part adaptation of IT and Mike Flanagan’s Doctor Sleep, but The Long Walk might just edge them out as the best adaptation of a Stephen King novel yet.

Jennifer Ouellette

Fackham Hall

This gem of a film is basically Airplane! meets Agatha Christie meets Downtown Abbey, spoofing all those British aristocratic period dramas we know and love. Set in 1931, the plot centers on a charming orphaned pickpocket named Eric (Ben Radcliffe), who is mistaken for a new employee when he arrives at the titular manor house of Lord and Lady Davenport (Damian Lewis and Katherine Waterson).

Eric ends up leaning into his new role and is soon promoted, even indulging in a forbidden romance with the Davenports’ daughter Rose (Thomasin McKenzie). Then someone gets murdered, and Eric finds himself framed for the killing. It’s up to Inspector Watt (Tom Goodman-Hill) and his magnificent (removable) mustache to solve the mystery. The cast clearly had a blast, and it’s impossible to resist that wickedly dry, often scatalogical British slapstick humor. Fackham Hall is a bright, shiny bauble that will leave you longing for a sequel.

Jennifer Ouellette

Strange Journey: The Story of Rocky Horror

When The Rocky Horror Picture Show premiered in 1975, no one could have dreamed that it would become the longest-running theatrical release film in history—least of all its creator, Richard O’Brien. But that’s what happened as it developed a loyal cult following of fans dressing up in costumes and acting out the lines in front of the big screen, a practice known as shadow casting. Thanks to a killer soundtrack, campy humor, and those devoted fans, Rocky Horror is still a mainstay of midnight movie culture. Richard O’Brien’s son, Linus O’Brien, marked the occasion with his fascinating documentary Strange Journey: The Story of Rocky Horror.

The film has its share of cast reminiscences, but it’s the profound impact Rocky Horror has had over the decades that ultimately shines through—and not just on a broad cultural scale. O’Brien decided to make the film while gathering archival clips of his father’s work. He came across a video clip of “I’m Going Home” and found himself browsing through the comments, deeply touched by the many people, including a soldier in Iraq and a woman grieving the loss of her mother, talking about what the song and film had meant to them.

The film ends with a fan telling Richard O’Brien, “It doesn’t matter what people think about Rocky because it belongs to us, not to you”—and Rocky’s creator agreeing that this was true. You can pair Strange Journey with another film celebrating the milestone anniversary, Sane Inside Insanity: The Phenomenon of Rocky Horror, for a documentary double feature.

Jennifer Ouellette

Good Boy

adorale golden furred dog in the woods with a concerned look on its face

Credit: IFC/Shudder

I promise you this is not a spoiler, but for anyone too scared to watch Good Boy, the whole point of one of the year’s most original horror movies is that the dog survives. And despite being a “good boy,” from the moment we meet Indy, the dog gives off “final girl” energy, being the only creature in a cursed family house to sense the hauntings that seem to complicate his owner’s illness and drive him closer to death. Relying on lighting tricks and a frenetic, pulsing soundtrack to dramatize scenes where the movie’s star seems to just be acting like a dog, the movie reinvigorates the haunted house story by telling it from a dog’s-eye level and largely obscuring the faces of humans.

Director and co-screenwriter Ben Leonberg told AV Club that he drew this stellar performance out of Indy—who is not a show dog but his own adorable dog—by living in the house where the movie was filmed and building the set around the ways that Indy moved. Come for the pudgy puppy reels, and then be as obedient as Indy and “stay” for the technical feat of watching a man and his best friend turn classic horror devices into dog toys.

Ashley Belanger

Hedda

young black woman in a ball gown surrounded by party guests

Credit: Orion/Amazon MGM Studios

Tessa Thompson is luminous in the title role of director Nia DaCosta’s film adaptation of the classic Henrik Ibsen play Hedda Gabler. It’s the story of a general’s daughter who marries a stuffy academic for convenience, believing her wild youth is behind her—only to find it’s not much fun being trapped in a loveless marriage, however elegant the surroundings. When a former lover pops up, now involved with Hedda’s romantic rival, tensions build to an explosive climax. This being Ibsen, things don’t end well for anyone.

DaCosta has kept most of the play’s plot intact, but a clever gender swap makes for an interesting twist on the complicated interpersonal dynamics. Nina Hoss plays novelist and recovering alcoholic Eileen Lovborg (a man named Eilert in the play), with Imogen Poots playing romantic rival Thea. Hedda also maintains a flirtation with the lascivious Judge Brack (Nicholas Pinnock), who is manipulative enough to use Hedda’s weaknesses against her. Hedda is among the greatest dramatic roles in theater, and Thompson utterly makes it her own. Is the film a bit stagey at times? Yes, which isn’t surprising since it’s based on a play. That very staginess gives the film a tight, claustrophobic feel, heightening Hedda’s sense of the walls closing in on her once vibrant youth.

Jennifer Ouellette

The Last Republican

former congressman adam kinzinger in suit and tie with chin resting on his clasped hands during a congressional hearing

Credit: Media Courthouse Documentary Collective

Normally, I’d rather stick hot needles under my fingernails than watch a bio-documentary about a politician, regardless of party affiliation. It’s just not my thing. But we live in interesting times, and The Last Republican is not your standard political documentary. The film follows former Rep. Adam Kinzinger (R-IL) over the course of his last year in office. Kinzinger was ousted by his own party for his service on the congressional committee investigating the January 6, 2021, riotous attack on the US Capitol—and for his outspoken denunciation of then-President Donald Trump’s incendiary rhetoric at the instigating rally and delayed action to quell the rioters.

That’s standard documentary fare. But this one was directed by Steve Pink, best known for 2010’s Hot Tub Time Machine (a personal favorite of mine). Pink is (almost) as far apart from Kinzinger politically as it’s possible to be. Kinzinger chose to work with Pink because he, too, loves Hot Tub Time Machine. And a most unlikely friendship was born. You can see their bond in the trailer, which opens with Kinzinger recognizing that the man he has trusted with his story likely has nothing but contempt for Kinzinger’s political views. “That’s kinda mean,” we hear Pink say off-camera, before cheekily asking how one even becomes a Republican, “because I don’t get it.”

That friendship resonates perfectly with the film’s central theme. “It’s not about a political view,” Kinzinger says in the film. “It’s about what it is to turn against everything you’ve ever belonged to because of some red line you can’t cross.” Had there been more principled congressional members like Kinzinger in 2021 willing to put country over party, even if it torched their political careers—and more friendships across political divides finding common ground—the US would be in a very different and better place today. Kinzinger’s closing J6 committee statement is even more relevant four years later: “Oaths matter. Character matters. Truth matters. If we do not renew our faith and commitment to these principles, this great experiment of ours, our shining beacon on a hill, will not endure.”

Jennifer Ouellette

Weapons

young boy in classroom with creepy clown makeup and a sinister smile

Credit: Warner Bros.

One of the most terrifying images of 2025 was a mob of kids with their arms extended like airplanes. It came in Weapons, a witchy mystery that begins with every child in a certain middle school teacher’s class suddenly disappearing, except for one, a quiet boy named Alex Lilly. Working off a highly original script and giving an emotional performance that drove some viewers to tears, young actor Cary Christopher wrenches hearts as Alex’s role in the other kids’ disappearance becomes clearer—after the audience meets his Aunt Gladys.

An actual living and breathing nightmare played to unnerving perfection by Amy Madigan, Aunt Gladys reads like voodoo Mary Poppins meets Pennywise the clown. But stuck in the house with this instantly iconic horror character, Alex proves that he’s the most capable caretaker in the family. In the end, he’s the one tasked with helping his aunt “feel better” while spooning as much Campbell’s soup as it takes into the faces of “weaponized” loved ones to ensure they survive Aunt Gladys’ visit.

Ashley Belanger

Dust Bunny

young girl in bed at night looking scared

Credit: Lionsgate

Dust Bunny is the directorial feature film debut of Bryan Fuller, the creative force behind some of my favorite TV shows over the years, most notably Dead Like Me, Wonderfalls, and Pushing Daisies, as well as Hannibal. Fuller has a knack for injecting elements of magical realism into otherwise ordinary settings, and Dust Bunny adds a healthy dose of horror and Labyrinth-style visual aesthetics into the mix to strike a perfect balance between violence, suspense, whimsy, and emotional depth. Sophie Sloan plays Aurora, a young girl in New York City who turns to her neighbor, Resident 5B (Mads Mikkelson, in a role written specifically for him), for help when (she claims) a monster under her bed kills and eats her parents.

Resident 5B is a hitman for hire, and Aurora wants him to kill the monster in revenge, although he doesn’t think the monster is real, and there are, in fact, other bad people who won’t shirk at going through Aurora to get to Resident 5B. Fun fact: the monster design was inspired by highland cows, although Fuller also asked for the monster to be part hippopotamus and part piranha; artist Jon Wayshak proved well up to the task. Mikkelson and Sigourney Weaver turn in terrific performances—Mikkelson even helped choreograph one of the stunt sequences—as does Sloan and David Dastmalchian. Plus, there’s an entire action sequence featuring a Chinese dragon costume. What more could one want?

Jennifer Ouellette

Wicked: For Good

Glinda the Good Witch and Elphiba in center with supporting characters from Oz in either side

Credit: Universal


Every musical theater fan knows that the second act of a show is almost invariably weaker than the first. Thus, setting the second act of the Wicked musical apart as its own movie was bound to result in a sequel that had trouble living up to last year’s banger-filled mega-hit film.

Wicked: For Good is also where the narrative starts coming apart at the seams a bit, as it necessarily intersects and interacts with the narrative from The Wizard of Oz itself. The leaps of logic necessary to get these “misunderstood” versions of the characters to gel with the ones we see cavorting in that 90-year-old classic are best ignored. But the movie repeatedly throws those connections in our face amid a heavily padded 137-minute runtime that could have easily been half an hour shorter.

Despite it all, though, the quality of the original writing from Stephen Schwartz and Winnie Holzman still shines through. The titular song “For Good” is still an all-time classic, and strong performances carry catchy tunes like “No Good Deed” and “Just for This Moment” (though the latter is robbed of a lot of its inherent sex appeal through some odd directorial choices). Even “The Girl in the Bubble”—a new song created just for the movie–manages to not feel out of place thanks in large part to a winning performance from Ariana Grande and some downright magical camera work.

The worst part of Wicked: For Good, though, might be how its success will almost definitely lead to an expanded Wicked Cinematic Universe, with sequels or prequels that mash these winning characters to death via a bunch of expositional backstory. Let Glinda and Elphaba rest! They’ve earned it!

Kyle Orland

K-Pop Demon Hunters

Credit: Netflix

This was a surprise mega-hit for Netflix, fueled by a killer Korean pop soundtrack featuring one earworm after another that collectively dominated the charts for weeks. K-Pop Demon Hunters is the streaming giant’s most-watched animated film of all time, and that’s not just because of the infectious music—although the music is why Netflix ended up releasing a highly popular singalong version in theaters (after the film racked up huge streaming numbers). The Sony Animation team delivers bold visuals that evoke the look and feel of anime, the plot is briskly paced, and the script strikes a fine balance between humor and heart.

Earth has been protected from demons for generations by a protective barrier called the Honmoon, maintained by musical trios/demon hunters from each generation. One day, the Honmoon will become so strong it will turn “golden” and seal away the demons forever. The latest incarnation of demon hunters—a K-Pop band called Huntr/x—is close to accomplishing the Golden Honmoon.

Rumi (Arden Cho) is the lead singer, Mira (May Hong) is the group’s dancer/choreographer, and American-born Zoey (Ji-young Yoo) is the rapper and lyricist. But Rumi harbors a secret: Her father was a demon, and she is marked by the telltale purple “patterns,” which she keeps hidden from her bandmates. Hoping to destroy the Honmoon once and for all, king of the demons Gwi-Ma sends five of his demons to form a K-pop boy band, the Saja Boys, led by Jinu (Ahn Hyo-seop). Their popularity soon rivals that of Huntr/x and threatens the Honmoon.

Co-director (with Chris Appelhans) Maggie Kang conceived the story and helped write the screenplay, intending the film to be a love letter to K-pop and her Korean roots. But she also drew on traditional Korean mythology and folklore. Those details add a rich layer of texture to the basic storyline. Granted, the film adheres to a familiar formula, but it’s a winning one. K-Pop Demon Hunters‘ unifying message of the power of music to heal, unite, and build community—celebrating honest authenticity rather than striving for impossible perfection—is a powerful one.

Jennifer Ouellette

28 Years Later

man and his son running away from zombies in a field

Credit: Sony Pictures

28 Years Later could have been terrible, screenwriter Alex Garland told Rolling Stone, if he went with his original idea about a group of military men fighting to stop bad guys from weaponizing the Rage Virus. But director Danny Boyle didn’t let that happen, instead pushing Garland to think small and deliver a powerful coming-of-age story that’s somehow just as intense as 2002’s 28 Days Later without retreading hardly any of the same territory. A story about resisting isolationism, 28 Years Later is set on a small island where a scrappy community has survived for decades after being quarantined from the rest of the world.

The story follows a young boy, Spike, who leaves home with his ailing mother after he learns that he cannot trust his father to look out for them. A fire is lit in Spike to cure his mother, and no human or infected—not the worm-eating chubby ones or the spine-ripping alphas—can put him off his mission. What starts as a ritual hunt to initiate a boy into manhood turns instead into a tender quest to find the only known doctor on the island, allowing Spike to see the infected and his community in a new light.

Featuring nuanced performances equal parts harrowing and endearing from Jodie Comer as the mom, Isla, and Alfie Williams as Spike, the movie explores the folly of societies backsliding from progress out of fear of the unknown. As Spike’s dread of the infected flickers out, it’s replaced by an urgent curiosity about the world beyond his village. The only thing potentially standing in his way of growing as wise as the doctor is a gang of “pals” named Jimmy. “Howzat!” for a setup to get boots marching into theaters to see the second installment of the new trilogy in January?

Ashley Belanger

Blue Moon

two men in 1920s suits in a club

Credit: Sony Pictures Classics

Director Richard Linklater (Dazed and Confused, Hit Man) had two films released this year. One is Nouvelle Vague, about the 1959 shooting of the seminal French New Wave film Breathless. The other is Blue Moon, about the complicated relationship between lyricist Lorenz Hart and his erstwhile composer partner Richard Rodgers. Both films are exceptional in their own right, but Blue Moon is my choice for our year’s best list. Chalk it up to my enduring fondness for classic Broadway musicals.

The film takes place in Sardi’s restaurant on the opening night of Oklahoma!, which is Rodgers’ (Andrew Scott) first collaboration with a new lyricist, Oscar Hammerstein II (Simon Delaney). Ethan Hawke turns in a powerful performance as Hart, newly (barely) sober and holding court with bartender Eddie (Bobby Cannavale). He’s rather bitter about his own waning career after he refused to collaborate on the new musical. He’s depressed, and Eddie is reluctant to serve him any alcohol, plus the “omnisexual” Hart’s advances toward the comely Elizabeth (Margaret Qualley) are repeatedly rebuffed.

Oklahoma!, of course, was a smash hit, crowning Rodgers and Hammerstein as the new wonder boys of Broadway. A drunken Hart tragically died just a few months later. Blue Moon‘s intimate portrait of Hart on a night that proved to be a critical turning point is a fitting tribute to one of our greatest lyricists, whose personal demons dimmed his light too soon.

Jennifer Ouellette

Rental Family

large man on a Japanese train next to a little Japanese girl and other commuters

Credit: Searchlight Pictures

Brendan Fraser is experiencing a quiet renaissance, with highly praised recent roles in The Whale and Killers of the Flower Moon, as well as a role in the delightfully bonkers TV series Doom Patrol. Add his gentle, empathetic performance in Rental Family to that list. Fraser plays Phillip Vandarploeug, an American actor living in Japan because he once had great success with a toothpaste commercial. But the roles have dried up, so Phillip signs on with a company called Rental Family, which hires actors as stand-ins for family members or friends. Phillip is the “token white guy.”

It might sound like a cynical premise—the company basically “sells emotion”—but the film is anything but cynical. Phillip ends up developing strong bonds with two of his “clients”: A young Haifa girl named Mia with an absent father and an elderly man with dementia named Kikuo, who happens to be a retired actor. But what happens if they discover the truth? Rental Family is a low-key, thoughtful reflection on loneliness and our human need for social connection. “Sometimes it’s OK to pretend,” Phillip tells Mia at one point. Sometimes faking an emotional connection develops into one that is genuine and lasting.

Jennifer Ouellette

Song Sung Blue

msn and woman onstage singing. Man is dressed as Neil Diamong, woman is in a long red dress.

Credit: Focus Features

Hipsters love to sneer at artists like Neil Diamond. He’s dated, his music is cheesy, yada yada yada. But there’s a reason “Sweet Caroline” has become a staple singalong at sporting events, bar mitzvahs, karaoke nights and the like. All that cynicism melts away once the music starts; it’s infectious. Diamond’s music even inspired a popular Milwaukee tribute act in the 1990s and early oughts: Lightning and Thunder. The duo gets their due in the biopic Song Sung Blue, which is in turn based on a 2008 documentary of the same name. (You can watch the documentary on YouTube.) Director Craig Brewer saw the documentary and was inspired to create his own fictionalized account of Thunder and Lightning’s story with all their dramatic ups and downs.

Hugh Jackman plays Vietnam veteran and recovering alcoholic Lightning, aka Mike Sardina, who falls in love with single mom and Patsy Kline impersonator Claire, aka Thunder. She’s the catalyst for their “Neil Diamond experience,” riding the 1990s wave of Diamond’s resurgence while battling both external obstacles and their respective personal demons. The film condenses the timeline and takes some minor liberties here and there, but on the whole it’s quite factually accurate. (The duo really did open for Pearl Jam and Eddie Vedder joined them briefly onstage for “Forever in Blue Jeans.”)

Jackman and Hudson are major film stars but one soon forgets, because they dissolve so completely into their respective roles. Hudson received a well-deserved Golden Globe nomination for her performance and I expect an Oscar nod will be coming her way as well; this is her best role to date by far. And yes, Jackman and Hudson actually perform the songs; Hudson’s solo rendition of “I’ve Been This Way Before” towards the film’s end is gut-punchingly beautiful.

Song Sung Blue is ultimately a love story, but it’s also an homage to the power of music to lift us up even in our darkest hours. On every anniversary of his sobriety, Lightning sings “Song Sung Blue.” Lightning and Thunder pour their souls into even the most seemingly insignificant gigs, whether it’s a hostile crowd in a biker bar or karaoke night at the local Thai restaurant. One of the most moving scenes shows Lightning and the Thai restaurant owner sitting alone in an empty restaurant after the latter’s wife has died of cancer and Lightning is struggling with his own personal tragedy—finding mutual comfort by singing “only sad songs” by Diamond on the karaoke machine.

Jennifer Ouellette

And now for our top three films of 2025, each so different from one another that we couldn’t bring ourselves to choose just one:

One Battle After Another

scruffy middle aged man long plaid shirt on a roadway, standing next to car with open door, pointing a gun with a camera phone in his other hand

Credit: Warner Bros.


My absolute favorite part of One Battle After Another comes when Leonardo DiCaprio’s character falls off a building. The former revolutionary has let himself go a bit after decades out of the game and can’t keep up with the young skateboarders who effortlessly parkour between buildings during an exciting rooftop chase sequence. One Battle After Another is at its best when it subverts the audience’s expectations like this, boiling down action-thriller set pieces into comically realistic mundanity.

The movie also deserves credit for the subtle way it highlights two very different modes of resistance to a disturbingly familiar fascist government. The flashy French 75 revolutionaries manage to get a lot of attention with their bold statement-making operations, but they do little to actually disrupt the horrifying status quo before getting broken up by law enforcement. Contrast that with Benicio Del Toro’s Sensei Sergio St. Carlos, who quietly operates a sort of underground railroad for actual marginalized immigrants that quietly hides and protects them from an overwhelming government apparatus.

The movie’s plot falls apart a bit near the end as Sean Penn’s cartoonishly evil antagonist hunts down Willa Ferguson’s well-acted “hope for the future” child revolutionary. Still, I’d be lying if I said the inherent tension of the chase didn’t have me on the edge of my seat even after two hours.

Kyle Orland

Sinners

group of black musicians in a local speakeasy facing off against intruding vampires

Credit: Warner Bros.

Ryan Coogler’s vampire horror film set in the Mississippi Delta in 1932 has topped my list of best films since its April release. Michael B. Jordan delivers an Oscar-worthy dual performance as the Smokestack Twins: Elijah Moore (Smoke) and Elias Moore (Stack). They are World War I veterans just returned from Chicago, having stolen money from a gangster. They use the funds to buy an old sawmill to set up their own juke joint for the local black community. For the band, they recruit their young cousin Sammie (Miles Caton), a preacher’s son and gifted blues musician with a gift so powerful, it just might summon spirits of the past and future to join in the festivities.

The opening night is rollicking along until an Irish vampire named Remmick (Jack O’Connell) crashes the party with his minions, turning the revelers one by one. Can the rest survive until sunrise? There are so many layers to Sinners; it gets richer with each subsequent rewatch. You have the racial conflicts of the Jim Crow South and vigilante Klansmen; Sammie’s love for sexy singer Pearline (Jayme Lawson); Stack’s complicated relationship with his white-passing ex, Mary (Hailee Stanfield); and Smoke’s reunion with his long-suffering wife, Annie (Wunmi Mosaku).

Sinners has drawn comparison to Robert Rodriguez’s From Dusk Till Dawn, and that film is indeed one of many cited influences by Coogler. But this is very much Coogler’s singular vision: alternately steamy, bawdy, raucous, violent, and bloody, fueled by fantastic music. There’s even a cameo by blues legend Buddy Guy in the film’s denouement. Guy was one of several blues musicians who recorded songs for the film. That makes this easily the best soundtrack of 2025 (sorry, K-Pop Demon Hunters, but you know it’s true).

Jennifer Ouellette

Wake Up, Dead Man

a dapper detective standing in interior of a Gothic style church with a priest and other people in the background

Credit: Netflix

Private detective Benoit Blanc (Daniel Craig) might just turn out to be Rian Johnson’s greatest creation. Introduced in 2019’s Knives Out, Blanc’s syrupy Southern drawl and idiosyncratic approach to solving a mysterious New England death charmed audiences worldwide and launched a modern whodunnit franchise. The latest installment is Wake Up Dead Man, in which Blanc tackles the strange death of a fire-and-brimstone parish priest, Monseigneur Jefferson Wicks (Josh Brolin). Wick inspired a cult-like loyalty in his central flock while alienating any newcomers. The primary suspect is a young new priest, Rev. Jud Duplenticy (Josh O’Connor) who steadfastly maintains his innocence, despite openly clashing with the Monseigneur.

Wake Up Dead Man is a classic locked-room mystery in a spookily Gothic small-town setting, and Johnson repeatedly namechecks John Dickson Carr’s The Hollow Man, widely held to be the most masterful take on the genre. So if you’ve read The Hollow Man, you’ll probably figure out the “howdunnit” pretty easily. Fortunately, there’s still plenty of twists and turns regarding the who and the why of the matter to keep us guessing right up until the end. Johnson always assembles terrific casts for these films, and the characters are always colorful and engaging. But Wake Up Dead Man digs a little deeper, allowing the characters to achieve some personal insight and growth as the mystery unfolds.

The broody church setting isn’t just for atmosphere, either. Sure, this is primarily a murder mystery, but thematically, it explores the nature of both faith and reason, as embodied by Duplenticy and Blanc, respectively, without ridiculing or diminishing either. One Battle After Another might be poised for the strongest Oscar showing, but Wake Up Dead Man is pure pleasure. This third installment rivals the original Knives Out for fascinating characters, atmospheric setting, and sheer plot ingenuity. We can’t wait to see what Blanc gets up to next.

Jennifer Ouellette

Photo of Jennifer Ouellette

Jennifer is a senior writer at Ars Technica with a particular focus on where science meets culture, covering everything from physics and related interdisciplinary topics to her favorite films and TV series. Jennifer lives in Baltimore with her spouse, physicist Sean M. Carroll, and their two cats, Ariel and Caliban.

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2025-year-in-review

2025 Year in Review

It’s that time. It’s been a hell of a year.

At the start we barely had reasoning models. Now we have Claude Code and Opus 4.5.

I don’t code. Yet now I cause code to exist whenever something about a website annoys me, or when I get that programmer’s realization that there’s something I am planning on doing at least three times. Because why not?

The progress has simultaneously been mind bogglingly impressive and fast. But a lot of people don’t see it that way, because progress has been incremental, and because we were reasonably expecting to often get even more than this.

The public conversation and debate, even more than before, was full of false narratives and active attempts to make the situation worse. The same goes for attempts to shape Federal policy towards AI, and OpenAI’s conversion into a for-profit.

It’s been, as they say, one battle after another, with many wins, many setbacks and a lot of things in between.

This includes the key developments in AI, and also other blog posts from the year that I consider memorable looking back.

This is only our corner of the world’s Year in Review, not one in general, thus things like Liberation Day are happening in the background and go undiscussed.

The confusions started in January, as we prepared for Trump to take office.

OpenAI had just given us o1-preview, the first reasoning model.

At the tail end of 2024, DeepSeek released v3, or The Six Million Dollar Model. This was a big advancement in open source and Chinese model capabilities, and showed that they were not as far behind as we thought they were, and also that damn good models could be trained on the cheap. Not as cheap as the headline number, since the six million was only direct costs of the final run, but still pretty cheap.

Then a few weeks later, DeepSeek gave us r1, a reasoning model based on v3. They wrapped this up into a nice clean free app experience, which included the first time most people could see a reasoning model’s chain of thought – Gemini Flash Thinking offered this too but almost no one knew about that or cared. This showed that the ‘secret sauce’ of building a reasoning model was not so difficult to copy, and the marginal costs of doing so were low.

DeepSeek shot to the top of the App store, and the world completely lost its mind. The stock market mini-crashed. People talked about how China had ‘caught up’ to America, or this meant inference would be so cheap no one would need Nvidia chips (as consumers rushed out to buy Nvidia chips to run DeepSeek r1), or how it would destroy margins and drive American AI out of business. I had to warn people, many times, with the classic advice: Don’t Panic, and I went on Odd Lots to discuss it all.

Collectively this was called The DeepSeek Moment.

White House rhetoric talked about how this meant we were in a ‘race’ with China, so of course any other considerations than ‘winning’ must be thrown out the window.

With time, those paying attention realized all of that was overblown. DeepSeek was impressive as a lab, and v3 and r1 were excellent models, but still on the order of eight months behind OpenAI, Anthropic and Google. We had been comparing the relatively best features of r1 on their own, and then using that to project into the future, which flat out did not happen. This happened at a crucial inflection point, right when reasoning models had started, which was when a tiny amount of compute could go a maximally long way.

Later on, r1-0528 did not have a moment, nor did DeepSeek 3.1 or DeepSeek 3.2.

Google started out the month introducing us to Deep Research, a new product form that would be copied by OpenAI, allowing the AI to take time to prepare a report. At the time, this was super impressive. It definitely has its uses, even if the timing is awkward and you have to push past the tendency to pad reports with a lot of slop.

A new paper on The Risk of Gradual Disempowerment From AI improved the debate by highlighting a central way that humans end up not being in charge. There doesn’t need to be some ‘AI coup’ or battle, the AIs will by default end up with more and more resources and power unless something stops this from happening. One day we wake up and realize we are not in control. Another day after that we don’t wake up.

OpenAI declared that its primary alignment strategy would be Deliberative Alignment, so I analyzed that approach. I think it is helpful, but not a central solution.

The Administration made its AI feelings clear at The Paris AI Anti-Safety Summit. Previous summits had been efforts to lay foundation for international cooperation, with serious discussions of existential risks, in particular with The Bletchley Declaration. That was clearly over, transformed into a disdain for the idea that sufficiently advanced AI could be existentially dangerous, and Vance giving a speech demanding suicidal accelerationism and warning against attempts to not die.

The year would play out in similar fashion. We had some modest success in California and New York, but the White House would, under the influence of David Sacks, become an active force for interference with efforts to not die, and later even to beat China. They would do some pro-America things along the way, but also things that actively interfered with our competitiveness.

I introduced a key new concept handle which I call Levels of Friction. Different actions are variously harder or easier, from both practical and legal perspectives, to do. They range from Level 0 (defaults or requirements), to Level 1 (legal and ubiquitous and easy), Level 2 (safe but annoying), Level 3 (actively tricky or risky), Level 4 (actually seriously illegal) up to Level 5 (we really care about stopping you). Instead of thinking of a boolean of legal-illegal or possible-impossible, it is often more enlightening to consider moving between levels.

AI is going to move a lot of things to lower levels of friction. That is by default bad, but frictions can be load bearing, such as with job applications or limiting antisocial behaviors. It protects the commons. We will have to adjust quite a lot of things once key frictions are removed from the system.

February was the peak of ‘could Grok be a thing?’ It turned out not to be a thing. In other model news we got Claude 3.7.

We also got our first introduction to Emergent Misalignment, the idea that training the AI to do bad things associated with evil could lead it to generalize into thinking of itself as trope-style evil and doing a wide range of trope-style evil things.

A non-AI highlight was my piece on elementary education, School Is Hell.

GPT-4.5 was OpenAI’s attempt to give us a large and slow model. It did some cool things, and there are people that really liked it, but mostly it wasn’t worthwhile.

A big part of AI coverage is getting confident in dismissing hype. A great example of this was my coverage of The Manus Marketing Madness. Now that they’ve unceremoniously sold out to Meta, it’s easy to forget that a lot of people were hyping Manus as The Next Big Thing, as well as the next reason we would Lose To China.

I warned against using The Most Forbidden Technique, which is where you use interpretability to train on intermediate outputs, to teach it to think the thoughts you want it to think, thus teaching the AI to, like humans before it, hide its thinking.

Image generation had its first big moment, when the 4o image generator came online and everyone went Studio Ghibli crazy, taking advantage of both the advancement in quality and willingness to mimic styles.

Gemini 2.5 Pro came out, which I called the new state of the art. I think this was correct at the time, but later versions of Gemini 2.5 Pro were actively worse, and soon OpenAI would be back out ahead.

AI 2027 provided an illustrative scenario that presented a best guess as to what was likely to happen, with an alternative scenario option where things turn out well because a bold decision is made to slow down at a key moment. Scott Alexander and Daniel Kokotajlo explained the details on the Dwarkesh podcast, and I covered various responses.

Llama 4 was released, and turned out to be a total dud. Meta has been silent since in terms of topline AI products, while spending hundreds of millions on individual pay packages to try and gather the talent to get back in the game. It is a good thing Meta is struggling, given its bizarrely dystopian AI vision it is willing to give in public.

o3 put OpenAI firmly back out in front in reasoning, with excellent tool use, but was rapidly exposed as a Lying Liar that lies a lot.

OpenAI had other problems with GPT-4o. It was always an absurd sycophant that could get some of its users into trouble, but updates made around this time made it even more of an absurd sycophant, forcing a reversion to a previous build. I would later offer a postmortem.

OpenAI claimed that their conversion to a for-profit, which as announced then would clearly have been one the biggest thefts in human history, would leave the non-profit in control.

The White House had from the beginning made a huge deal out of how Just Awful the Biden diffusion rules were, just like it talks about everything Biden did, but it initially acted generally wisely on chip diffusion and export controls, including on the H20.

Alas, over time David Sacks got more control over their narrative and increasingly started spouting Obvious Nonsense About AI Diffusion, literally claiming that ‘beating China’ means maximizing Nvidia’s share of chip sales, and warning that China would step in with non-existent and otherwise greatly inferior AI chips to build its own ‘AI tech stack’ if we didn’t sell massive compute to partners with questionable loyalties. Initially this rhetoric and action was confined to sales to parties like UAE and KSA, where a case can be made if the deals and safeguards are good, and details matter. Later this would extend to trying to sell chips to China directly.

OpenAI released Codex to compete with Claude Code. Claude Code was such a stealth release, initially a side project of one employee, that it took a while to notice something was happening, and even longer for me to finally give it a try. Nowadays Claude Code might be most of my AI token usage.

Claude 4 put Anthropic back in the game.

I offered thoughts on those who use AI to cheat, especially in education.

Veo 3 gave Google the lead in video generation.

I wrote my first ‘Letting Kids Be Kids,’ I would later write another in December.

Dating Roundup #6 proved popular, and #7 did solidly too. I just put out #8 and #9.

I did an analysis of New York’s proposed RAISE Act, by Alex Bores who is now running for Congress. I concluded it was an excellent bill. It would later pass, although in somewhat weakened form because of Governor Hochul’s changes.

OpenAI and in particular Sam Altman continued to try and sell us on the concept of a Gentle Singularity, that AIs would become superintelligent and your life wouldn’t much change. This is of course Obvious Nonsense. Your life might become great, or it might end, or it might get into High Weirdness, but it won’t stay the same.

o3 Pro came out, and was very strong and not the lying liar that normal o3 was.

I came out with my (hopefully annual from here on in) blog recommendations.

The first attempt to pass a federal moratorium on AI regulation, as in tell the states they aren’t allowed to regulate AI because that should be federal while also not regulating AI at the federal level, came dangerously close to passing as part of the BBB. It was ultimately stripped out 99-1 once the tide had turned.

Congress had one of its finer hearings, where they asked good questions about AI.

Grok ran into trouble. No, Grok, No. Do not call yourself MechaHitler. Or worse.

Kimi K2 was an unusually impressive new open Chinese model. We would later get Kimi K2 Thinking in November.

Google and OpenAI got IMO Gold.

AI companions were getting a lot of attention, which has since died down. This will be a big thing at some point, and for some it is a very real thing, but for now it isn’t good enough to hold most people’s interest. I followed up again in August.

The big hyped release of the year was of course GPT-5. This would be their big moment to unify all their crazy model variations and names, and create one model to rule them all, with a router to think longer if and only if that was worthwhile. There were approaching death stars and we saw a variety of assertive valueposting. It was the big version number jump, and people expected a lot.

GPT-5 was a good model, I found it to be a clear upgrade, but it very much did not live up to the hype. Many even strongly wanted to keep GPT-4o for its far friendlier and more empathic attitude, or some would say its sycophancy – the very features that make GPT-4o not a great thing for many users are alas the reasons users often like it so much. I covered the basic facts and model card, then outside reactions and finally created a synthesis.

Unfortunately, the model OpenAI chose to call GPT-5 being a disappointing release gave so many people, up to and including David Sacks and Sriram Krishnan at the White House, the wrong idea. There is a constant demand for data points that say AI won’t advance much, that scaling is dead, that it will all be a normal technology and you don’t have to worry about AGI. Washington seems to have come away from the GPT-5 release with this message, and it plausibly did great harm in numerous ways, including to our export controls.

I tried to push directly back against this, pointing out that AI was continuing to make rapid progress, both around GPT-5 and various other misleading data points, especially the no-good, very-bad ‘MIT study.’ I followed up by pointing out that Yes, AI Continues To Make Rapid Progress, Including Towards AGI.

I noticed I was deeply confused about AI consciousness, along with everyone else. I still am, except now I’m more confused at a better, more advanced level. These questions are coming up more and more now, and I expect that to continue.

It’s so funny to have half of people debating AI consciousness, while the other half thinks AI is not making any progress.

I offered my advice around flying.

Are the AIs starting to take our jobs? Not in general, but for entry level jobs? Kinda.

I reviewed If Anyone Builds It, Everyone Dies. There were a few weeks where this inspired a lot of discussion, much of it remarkably good.

The month ended with Anthropic reclaiming its role as my daily driver thanks to Claude Sonnet 4.5.

There was more on AI craziness, then later in November we would see additional lawsuits against OpenAI related to suicides.

OpenAI meanwhile decided to release Sora and The Big Bright Screen Slop Machine, attempting to turn its good short video generator into a dystopian social network. I said the comparables were Google+ and Clubhouse. Call looks good.

I got to go to The Curve, which was an excellent conference.

One of the consequences of the GPT-5 release was more people talked about AI as potentially being in a bubble. I do not agree, other than in the nominal ‘number might go down’ sense. Number might go down, if not number needs to go up.

OpenAI completed its trio of overhyped releases with the Atlas browser. This jaded people sufficiently that when GPT-5.1 and GPT-5.2 later came out, people gave them remarkably little focus.

Andrej Karpathy went on Dwarkesh Patel and cautioned us not to get overexcited.

The biggest advantage America has over China is its access to vastly more compute. This is thanks in large part to our export controls. Alas, David Sacks it the AI Czar, acts like a de facto Nvidia lobbyist, and is trying to make us give that edge away.

Emboldened by prior success in getting authorization for H20 sales, Nvidia and David Sacks made their move, and came (based on what I know) remarkably close to getting America to commit quite a lot of civilizational suicide and sell B30A chips to China, essentially giving them close to chip parity. This would have been a completely insane move, and we should be thankful a combination of key people stepped up and prevented this from happening.

Unfortunately, although far less unfortunately than if we’d sold B30As, they then regrouped and in December would successfully push, despite it being obviously unwise and unpopular, for us to sell H200s to China. The Chinese are making a show of not wanting them so much, but it’s a show, and our edge has been substantially eroded. The logic behind this seems to have been nominally based in part on a prediction that Huawei can scale chip production far faster than credible predictions say, as in being off by an order of magnitude or more.

OpenAI finished its conversion to a for-profit, completing what I believe is arguably the second largest theft in human history behind the Russian oligarchs of the 1990s. The final terms came as the result of negotiations with the District Attorneys of Delaware and California, and they did extract a lot of highly meaningful concessions, both in terms of compensation and also in helping retain meaningful control and oversight over OpenAI. This could have gone so much worse. But as I said, that’s like a mugger demanded your money, and they got talked down to only taking half your money, then they claim they ‘recapitalized you.’ You’re still out half of your money.

We got what may be the final key revelations of what I call OpenAI’s Battle of the Board where the board attempted to fire Sam Altman, as we got Ilya Sustkever’s testimony about what happened. We now know that this was driven by Ilya Sutskever and Mira Murati, and was motivated by ordinary business concerns, centrally Sam Altman’s lying and mistreatment of employees.

I offered my 2025 edition of The Big Nonprofits Post, for those looking to donate, and would later share an update from my nonprofit, Balsa Research.

The year would finish with a flurry of new model releases.

OpenAI started us off with GPT-5.1, a modest upgrade that follows custom instructions well and often glazes the user, and then followed it up with GPT-5.1-Codex-Max, which was a substantial boost in coding power in particular.

Google gave us Gemini 3 Pro, a vast intelligence with no spine and also severe alignment issues and mental problems. It’s a great model, and was clearly now the best at a variety of uses, especially raw intelligence, or a teacher or whom you had questions with known answers that you would ask an autist.

Anthropic then gave us the big one, Claude Opus 4.5, which is for now the clear best model available, and remains my daily driver, both for chat and also in Claude Code.

Claude Opus 4.5 felt like a large practical leap, some like Dean Ball going so far as to call it AGI. I don’t agree but I understand where they are coming from.

I went to San Francisco for the Solstice, and wrote Little Echo.

I did the annual movie review.

We learned even more reasons to beware reward mismatches in RL.

OpenAI upgraded again to GPT-5.2, which I evaluated as Frontier Only For The Frontier. Its impressive benchmarks do not reflect its capabilities, and people reacted with fatigue after too many disappointing OpenAI model releases. It’s not an especially ‘fun’ model to interact with, nor is it especially fast, and it currently occupies a sweet spot only for tasks where you need a lot of raw thinking capability and are looking for ‘just the facts’ and cold analysis, and potentially for coding where everyone serious should try various models to see what works best for their tasks.

I offered a sequence of posts on why median wages are up, economists keep saying times are solid, yet young people keep saying things suck. Those complaining often say false things and use statistics wrong, but if so many people think things suck, then you know there’s a problem. I looked into cost changes over time, and when were various things the best. Finally, I presented my thesis, which was that this was due to the Revolution of Rising Expectations and the Revolution of Rising Requirements. Our expectations and comparison points are supremely high, as are the things we legally require of those looking to raise families.

AI is going gangbusters. The news about it is accelerating, not slowing down. It’s going to increasingly impact our lives and be the topic of conversation. The model releases will come fast and furious. The agents will make big leaps in 2026, and not only for coding. It will likely be a major topic in the midterm elections. I don’t expect full High Weirdness in 2026, but you can’t fully rule it out.

Blog growth, in terms of views, stagnated this year. That’s disappointing, as previously I had experienced strong growth, and I likely need to explore additional ways to get the word out. But ‘number go up’ was never the ultimate goal and I am confident that I am directly reaching quite a lot of the people I care about reaching. I do intend to send out a user survey some time in the near future.

One big personal goal for 2026 is to do more coding and evergreen posting, going deeper into questions that matter or that I get curious about, and being better about organizing my thoughts, and to focus less on ephemeral items and news, and to finally get a handle on organizing what I do have to better create longer term resources. I am fully aware that almost all views happen within a few days of posting, but that doesn’t need to dictate anything, and there are some basic things where I could build permanent resources much better than I’ve been doing.

The other big goal is to focus on what matters, including the fights and debates that matter, making sure to do that in a way that adds to permanent resources and not let important things end up buried. I have to do better triage, especially in letting relatively unimportant matters drop. I intend to publish fewer words on the blog in 2026, and with that to become more willing to skip days. I know the amount of content can be overwhelming.

One thing that got lost in the shuffle this year, and illustrates the problem, was my planned review of Open Socrates. It’s a book warning you not to live your life 15 minutes at a time, and I didn’t finish my response because life kept throwing too much stuff at me. Well, that’s kind of the worst possible excuse not to finish that, isn’t it? Even if because of the delay I ultimately have to reread a lot of the book.

I also have a bunch of projects I’d love to try. We’ll see how that goes. But also movies to watch, and games to play, and people to see, and fun to be had. Life beckons.

And you know what? Life is pretty awesome. Other people sing Ald Lang Syne. I go to the Secular Solstice. My personal tradition, at year’s end, is something else entirely.

Happy New Year, everyone.

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