Mike M. – Page 5

Researcher threatens X with lawsuit after falsely linking him to French probe

censorship, content moderation, elon musk, france, free speech, hate speech, Policy, telegram, Twitter, X / Mike M. / July 21, 2025

X claimed that David Chavalarias, “who spearheads the ‘Escape X’ campaign”—which is “dedicated to encouraging X users to leave the platform”—was chosen to assess the data with one of his prior research collaborators, Maziyar Panahi.

“The involvement of these individuals raises serious concerns about the impartiality, fairness, and political motivations of the investigation, to put it charitably,” X alleged. “A predetermined outcome is not a fair one.”

However, Panahi told Reuters that he believes X blamed him “by mistake,” based only on his prior association with Chavalarias. He further clarified that “none” of his projects with Chavalarias “ever had any hostile intent toward X” and threatened legal action to protect himself against defamation if he receives “any form of hate speech” due to X’s seeming error and mischaracterization of his research. An Ars review suggests his research on social media platforms predates Musk’s ownership of X and has probed whether certain recommendation systems potentially make platforms toxic or influence presidential campaigns.

“The fact my name has been mentioned in such an erroneous manner demonstrates how little regard they have for the lives of others,” Panahi told Reuters.

X denies being an “organized gang”

X suggests that it “remains in the dark as to the specific allegations made against the platform,” accusing French police of “distorting French law in order to serve a political agenda and, ultimately, restrict free speech.”

The press release is indeed vague on what exactly French police are seeking to uncover. All French authorities say is that they are probing X for alleged “tampering with the operation of an automated data processing system by an organized gang” and “fraudulent extraction of data from an automated data processing system by an organized gang.” But later, a French magistrate, Laure Beccuau, clarified in a statement that the probe was based on complaints that X is spreading “an enormous amount of hateful, racist, anti-LGBT+ and homophobic political content, which aims to skew the democratic debate in France,” Politico reported.

Researcher threatens X with lawsuit after falsely linking him to French probe Read More »

RFK Jr. wants to change program that stopped vaccine makers from leaving US market

anti-vaccines, CDC, health, rfk jr, robert f kennedy jr, syndication, vaccines / Mike M. / July 19, 2025

RFK Jr. is targeting a little-known program that underpins childhood immunizations in the US.

US Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. testifies before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions on Capitol Hill on May 20, 2025 in Washington, DC. Credit: Getty | Tasos Katopodis

This story was originally published by ProPublica.

Five months after taking over the federal agency responsible for the health of all Americans, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wants to overhaul an obscure but vital program that underpins the nation’s childhood immunization system.

Depending on what he does, the results could be catastrophic.

In his crosshairs is the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, a system designed to provide fair and quick payouts for people who suffer rare but serious side effects from shots—without having to prove that drugmakers were negligent. Congress created the program in the 1980s when lawsuits drove vaccine makers from the market. A special tax on immunizations funds the awards, and manufacturers benefit from legal protections that make it harder to win big-money verdicts against them in civil courts.

Kennedy, who founded an anti-vaccination group and previously accused the pharmaceutical industry of inflicting “unnecessary and risky vaccines” on children for profits, has long argued that the program removes any incentive for the industry to make safe products.

In a recent interview with Tucker Carlson, Kennedy condemned what he called corruption in the program and said he had assigned a team to overhaul it and expand who could seek compensation. He didn’t detail his plans but did repeat the long-debunked claim that vaccines cause autism and suggested, without citing any evidence, that shots could also be responsible for a litany of chronic ailments, from diabetes to narcolepsy.

There are a number of ways he could blow up the program and prompt vaccine makers to stop selling shots in the US, like they did in the 1980s. The trust fund that pays awards, for instance, could run out of money if the government made it easy for Kennedy’s laundry list of common health problems to qualify for payments from the fund.

Or he could pick away at the program one shot at a time. Right now, immunizations routinely recommended for children or pregnant women are covered by the program. Kennedy has the power to drop vaccines from the list, a move that would open up their manufacturers to the kinds of lawsuits that made them flee years ago.

Dr. Eddy Bresnitz, who served as New Jersey’s state epidemiologist and then spent a dozen years as a vaccine executive at Merck, is among those worried.

“If his unstated goal is to basically destroy the vaccine industry, that could do it,” said Bresnitz, who retired from Merck and has consulted for vaccine manufacturers. “I still believe, having worked in the industry, that they care about protecting American health, but they are also for-profit companies with shareholders, and anything that detracts from the bottom line that can be avoided, they will avoid.”

A spokesperson for PhRMA, a US trade group for pharmaceutical companies, told ProPublica in a written statement that upending the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program “would threaten continued patient access to FDA-approved vaccines.”

The spokesperson, Andrew Powaleny, said the program “has compensated thousands of claims while helping ensure the continued availability of a safe and effective vaccine supply. It remains a vital safeguard for public health and importantly doesn’t shield manufacturers from liability.”

Since its inception, the compensation fund has paid about $4.8 billion in awards for harm from serious side effects, such as life-threatening allergic reactions and Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune condition that can cause paralysis. The federal agency that oversees the program found that for every 1 million doses of vaccine distributed between 2006 and 2023, about one person was compensated for an injury.

Since becoming Health and Human Services secretary, Kennedy has turned the staid world of immunizations on its ear. He reneged on the US government’s pledge to fund vaccinations for the world’s poorest kids. He fired every member of the federal advisory group that recommends which shots Americans get, and his new slate vowed to scrutinize the US childhood immunization schedule. Measles, a vaccine-preventable disease eliminated here in 2000, roared back and hit a grim record—more cases than the US has seen in 33 years, including three deaths. When a US senator asked Kennedy if he recommended measles shots, Kennedy answered, “Senator, if I advised you to swim in a lake that I knew there to be alligators in, wouldn’t you want me to tell you there were alligators in it?”

Fed up, the American Academy of Pediatrics and other medical societies sued Kennedy last week, accusing him of dismantling “the longstanding, Congressionally-authorized, science- and evidence-based vaccine infrastructure that has prevented the deaths of untold millions of Americans.” (The federal government has yet to respond to the suit.)

Just about all drugs have side effects. What’s unusual about vaccines is that they’re given to healthy people—even newborns on their first day of life. And many shots protect not just the individuals receiving them but also the broader community by making it harder for deadly scourges to spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that routine childhood immunizations have prevented more than 1.1 million deaths and 32 million hospitalizations among the generation of Americans born between 1994 and 2023.

To most people, the nation’s vaccine system feels like a solid, reliable fact of life, doling out shots to children like clockwork. But in reality it is surprisingly fragile.

There are only a handful of companies that make nearly all of the shots children receive. Only one manufacturer makes chickenpox vaccines. And just two or three make the shots that protect against more than a dozen diseases, including polio and measles. If any were to drop out, the country could find itself in the same crisis that led President Ronald Reagan to sign the law creating the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in 1986.

Back then, pharmaceutical companies faced hundreds of lawsuits alleging that the vaccine protecting kids from whooping cough, diphtheria, and tetanus caused unrelenting seizures that led to severe disabilities. (Today’s version of this shot is different.) One vaccine maker after another left the US market.

At one point, pediatricians could only buy whooping cough vaccines from a single company. Shortages were so bad that the CDC recommended doctors stop giving booster shots to preserve supplies for the most vulnerable babies.

While Congress debated what to do, public health clinics’ cost per dose jumped 5,000 percent in five years.

“We were really concerned that we would lose all vaccines, and we would get major resurgences of vaccine-preventable diseases,” recalled Dr. Walter Orenstein, a vaccine expert who worked in the CDC’s immunization division at the time.

A Forbes headline captured the anxiety of parents, pediatricians, and public health workers: “Scared Shotless.” So a bipartisan group in Congress hammered out the no-fault system.

Today, the program covers vaccines routinely recommended for children or pregnant women once Congress approves the special tax that funds awards. (COVID-19 shots are part of a separate, often-maligned system for handling claims of harm, though Kennedy has said he’s looking at ways to add them to the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.)

Under program rules, people who say they are harmed by covered vaccines can’t head straight to civil court to sue manufacturers. First, they have to go through the no-fault system. The law established a table of injuries and the time frame for when those conditions must have appeared in order to be considered for quicker payouts. A tax on those vaccines — now 75 cents for every disease that a shot protects against — flows into a trust fund that pays those approved for awards. Win or lose, the program, for the most part, pays attorney fees and forbids lawyers from taking a cut of the money paid to the injured.

The law set up a dedicated vaccine court where government officials known as special masters, who operate like judges, rule on cases without juries. People can ask for compensation for health problems not listed on the injury table, and they don’t have to prove that the vaccine maker was negligent or failed to warn them about the medical condition they wound up with. At the same time, they can’t claim punitive damages, which drive up payouts in civil courts, and pain and suffering payments are capped at $250,000.

Plaintiffs who aren’t satisfied with the outcome or whose cases drag on too long can exit the program and file their cases in traditional civil courts. There they can pursue punitive damages, contingency-fee agreements with lawyers and the usual evidence gathering that plaintiffs use to hold companies accountable for wrongdoing.

But a Supreme Court ruling, interpreting the law that created the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, limited the kinds of claims that can prevail in civil court. So while the program isn’t a full liability shield for vaccine makers, its very existence significantly narrows the cases trial lawyers can file.

Kennedy has been involved in such civil litigation. In his federal disclosures, he revealed that he referred plaintiffs to a law firm filing cases against Merck over its HPV shot in exchange for a 10 percent cut of the fees if they win. After a heated exchange with Sen. Elizabeth Warren during his confirmation proceedings, Kennedy said his share of any money from those cases would instead go to one of his adult sons, who he later said is a lawyer in California. His son Conor works as an attorney at the Los Angeles law firm benefiting from his referrals. When ProPublica asked about this arrangement, Conor Kennedy wrote, “I don’t work on those cases and I’m not receiving any money from them.”

In March, a North Carolina federal judge overseeing hundreds of cases that alleged Merck failed to warn patients about serious side effects from its HPV vaccine ruled in favor of Merck; an appeal is pending.

The Vaccine Injury Compensation Program succeeded in stabilizing the business of childhood vaccines, with many more shots developed and approved in the decades since it was established. But even ardent supporters acknowledge there are problems. The program’s staff levels haven’t kept up with the caseload. The law capped the number of special masters at eight, and congressional bills to increase that have failed. An influx of adult claims swamped the system after adverse reactions to flu shots became eligible for compensation in 2005 and serious shoulder problems were added to the injury table in 2017.

The quick and smooth system of payouts originally envisioned has evolved into a more adversarial one with lawyers for the Department of Justice duking it out with plaintiffs’ attorneys, which Kennedy says runs counter to the program’s intent. Many cases drag on for years.

In his recent interview with Carlson, he described “the lawyers of the Department of Justice, the leaders of it” working on the cases as corrupt. “They saw their job as protecting the trust fund rather than taking care of people who made this national sacrifice, and we’re going to change all that,” he said. “And I’ve brought in a team this week that is starting to work on that.”

The system is “supposed to be generous and fast and gives a tie to the runner,” he told Carlson. “In other words, if there’s doubts about, you know, whether somebody’s injury came from a vaccine or not, you’re going to assume they got it and compensate them.”

Kennedy didn’t identify who is on the team reviewing the program. At one point in the interview, he said, “We just brought a guy in this week who’s going to be revolutionizing the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.”

The HHS employee directory now lists Andrew Downing as a counselor working in Kennedy’s office. Downing for many years has filed claims with the program and suits in civil courts on behalf of clients alleging harm from shots. Last month, HHS awarded a contract for “Vaccine Injury Compensation Program expertise” to Downing’s firm, as NOTUS has reported.

Downing did not respond to a voicemail left at his law office. HHS didn’t reply to a request to make him and Kennedy available for an interview and declined to answer detailed questions about its plans for the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. In the past, an HHS spokesperson has said that Kennedy is “not anti-vaccine—he is pro-safety.”

While it’s not clear what changes Downing and Kennedy have in mind, Kennedy’s interview with Carlson offered some insights. Kennedy said he was working to expand the program’s three-year statute of limitations so that more people can be compensated. Downing has complained that patients who have certain autoimmune disorders don’t realize their ailments were caused by a vaccine until it’s too late to file. Congress would have to change the law to allow this, experts said.

A key issue is whether Kennedy will try to add new ailments to the list of injuries that qualify for quicker awards.

In the Carlson interview, Kennedy dismissed the many studies and scientific consensus that shots don’t cause autism as nothing more than statistical trickery. “We’re going to do real science,” Kennedy said.

The vaccine court spent years in the 2000s trying cases that alleged autism was caused by the vaccine ingredient thimerosal and the shot that protects people from measles, mumps, and rubella. Facing more than 5,000 claims, the court asked a committee of attorneys representing children with autism to pick test cases that represented themes common in the broader group. In the cases that went to trial, the special masters considered more than 900 medical articles and heard testimony from dozens of experts. In each of those cases, the special masters found that the shots didn’t cause autism.

In at least two subsequent cases, children with autism were granted compensation because they met the criteria listed in the program’s injury table, according to a vaccine court decision. That table, for instance, lists certain forms of encephalopathy—a type of brain dysfunction—as a rare side effect of shots that protect people from whooping cough, measles, mumps, and rubella. In a 2016 vaccine court ruling, Special Master George L. Hastings Jr. explained, “The compensation of these two cases, thus does not afford any support to the notion that vaccinations can contribute to the causation of autism.”

Hastings noted that when Congress set up the injury table, the lawmakers acknowledged that people would get compensated for “some injuries that were not, in fact, truly vaccine-caused.”

Many disabling neurological disorders in children become apparent around the time kids get their shots. Figuring out whether the timing was coincidental or an indication that the vaccines caused the problem has been a huge challenge.

Devastating seizures in young children were the impetus for the compensation program. But in the mid-1990s, after a yearslong review of the evidence, HHS removed seizure disorder from the injury table and narrowed the type of encephalopathy that would automatically qualify for compensation. Scientists subsequently have discovered genetic mutations that cause some of the most severe forms of epilepsy.

What’s different now, though, is that Kennedy, as HHS secretary, has the power to add autism or other disorders to that injury table. Experts say he’d have to go through the federal government’s cumbersome rulemaking process to do so. He could also lean on federal employees to green-light more claims.

In addition, Kennedy has made it clear he’s thinking about illnesses beyond autism. “We have now this epidemic of immune dysregulation in our country, and there’s no way to rule out vaccines as one of the key culprits,” he told Carlson. Kennedy mentioned diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, seizure disorders, ADHD, speech delay, language delay, tics, Tourette syndrome, narcolepsy, peanut allergies, and eczema.

President Donald Trump’s budget estimated that the value of the investments in the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program trust fund could reach $4.8 billion this year. While that’s a lot of money, a life-care plan for a child with severe autism can cost tens of millions of dollars, and the CDC reported in April that 1 in 31 children is diagnosed with autism by their 8th birthday. The other illnesses Kennedy mentioned also affect a wide swath of the US population.

Dr. Paul Offit, a co-inventor of a rotavirus vaccine and director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, for years has sparred with Kennedy over vaccines. Offit fears that Kennedy will use flawed studies to justify adding autism and other common medical problems to the injury table, no matter how much they conflict with robust scientific research.

“You can do that, and you will bankrupt the program,” he said. “These are ways to end vaccine manufacturing in this country.”

If the trust fund were to run out of money, Congress would have to act, said Dorit Reiss, a law professor at University of California Law San Francisco who has studied the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Congress could increase the excise tax on vaccines, she said, or pass a law limiting what’s on the injury table. Or Congress could abolish the program, and the vaccine makers would find themselves back in the situation they faced in the 1980s.

“That’s not unrealistic,” Reiss said.

Rep. Paul Gosar, an Arizona Republican, last year proposed the End the Vaccine Carveout Act, which would have allowed people to bypass the no-fault system and head straight to civil court. His press release for the bill—written in September, before Kennedy’s ascension to HHS secretary—quoted Kennedy saying, “If we want safe and effective vaccines, we need to end the liability shield.”

The legislation never came up for a vote. A spokesperson for the congressman said he expects to introduce it again “in the very near future.”

Renée Gentry, director of the George Washington University Law School’s Vaccine Injury Litigation Clinic, thinks it’s unlikely Congress will blow up the no-fault program. But Gentry, who represents people filing claims for injuries, said it’s hard to predict what Congress, faced with a doomsday scenario, would do.

“Normally Democrats are friends of plaintiffs’ lawyers,” she said. “But talking about vaccines on the Hill is like walking on a razor blade that’s on fire.”

RFK Jr. wants to change program that stopped vaccine makers from leaving US market Read More »

Exhausted man defeats AI model in world coding championship

AI, AI coding, AI development tools, AtCoder, Biz & IT, competitive programming, large language models, machine learning, openai, Optimization, Programming, Przemysław Dębiak / Mike M. / July 19, 2025

While Dębiak won 500,000 yen and survived his ordeal better than the legendary steel driver, the AtCoder World Tour Finals pushes humans and AI models to their limits through complex optimization challenges that have no perfect solution—only incrementally better ones.

Coding marathon tests human endurance against AI efficiency

The AtCoder World Tour Finals represents one of competitive programming’s most exclusive events, inviting only the top 12 programmers worldwide based on their performance throughout the previous year. The Heuristic division focuses on “NP-hard” optimization problems. In programming, heuristics are problem-solving techniques that find good-enough solutions through shortcuts and educated guesses when perfect answers would take too long to calculate.

All competitors, including OpenAI, were limited to identical hardware provided by AtCoder, ensuring a level playing field between human and AI contestants. According to the contest rules, participants could use any programming language available on AtCoder, with no penalty for resubmission but a mandatory five-minute wait between submissions.

Leaderboard results for the 2025 AtCoder World Finals Heuristic Contest, showing Dębiak (as — Final leaderboard results for the 2025 AtCoder World Finals Heuristic Contest, showing Dębiak (as “Psyho”) on top. Credit: AtCoder

The final contest results showed Psyho finishing with a score of 1,812,272,558,909 points, while OpenAI’s model (listed as “OpenAIAHC”) scored 1,654,675,725,406 points—a margin of roughly 9.5 percent. OpenAI’s artificial entrant, a custom simulated reasoning model similar to o3, placed second overall, ahead of 10 other human programmers who had qualified through year-long rankings.

OpenAI characterized the second-place finish as a milestone for AI models in competitive programming. “Models like o3 rank among the top-100 in coding/math contests, but as far as we know, this is the first top-3 placement in a premier coding/math contest,” a company spokesperson said in an email to Ars Technica. “Events like AtCoder give us a way to test how well our models can reason strategically, plan over long time horizons, and improve solutions through trial and error—just like a human would.”

Exhausted man defeats AI model in world coding championship Read More »

Experts lay into Tesla safety in federal autopilot trial

Cars, tesla autopilot / Mike M. / July 18, 2025

For example, she said Tesla “clearly recognized that mode confusion is an issue—this is where people, for example, think the car is in Autopilot and don’t understand that the Autopilot has disengaged,” she told the court.

Cummings also referred to the deposition of Tesla autopilot firmware engineer Ajshay Phatak. Phatak’s deposition told the court that the company did not keep good track of Autopilot crashes prior to 2018, and Cummings pointed out that “it was clear they knew that they had a big problem with people ignoring the warnings. Ignoring the hands-on requests. And…as you know, prior to this accident. It was known to Tesla that they were having problems with people ignoring their warnings.”

Tesla’s abuse of statistics to make misleading claims about safety are nothing new: in 2017, Ars found out that Tesla’s claims about Autopilot reducing crashes was not at all backed by data, which in fact showed the driver assist actually increased crash rates.

Mendel Singer, a statistician at Case Western University School of Medicine, was very unimpressed with Tesla’s approach to crash data statistics in his testimony. Singer noted that he was “not aware of any published study, any reports that are done independently… where [Tesla] actually had raw data and could validate it to see does it tend to make sense” and that the car company was not comparing like with like.

“Non-Teslas crashes are counted based on police reports, regardless of safety system deployment,” Singer said. Further, Tesla kept misleading claims about safety on its website for years, Singer pointed out. When asked whether he would have accepted a paper for peer review from Tesla regarding its reports, “that would have been a really quick and easy rejection,” he said.

While it’s possible that Tesla will still settle this case, we may also see the trial carried out to its conclusion.

“The plaintiffs in this instance have already received compensation from the driver of the Tesla in question, apparently in a decent amount. My understanding is that this makes them much less likely to take the kinds of offers Tesla has been making for settlements, and this is more about the justice,” said Edward Niedermeyer, author and long-time Tesla-watcher.

“That said, the judge in the case has made some frustrating rulings around confidentiality on key issues, so it’s possible that may be in Tesla’s favor. They could also just up their settlement offer enough to be impossible to refuse,” Niedermeyer said.

Experts lay into Tesla safety in federal autopilot trial Read More »

Trump to sign stablecoin bill that may make it easier to bribe the president

anti-cbdc bill, cbdc, central bank digital currency, clarity act, Cryptocurrency, digital assets, Donald Trump, genius act, Policy, stablecoins / Mike M. / July 18, 2025

Donald Trump’s first big crypto win “nothing to crow about,” analyst says.

Donald Trump is expected to sign the GENIUS Act into law Friday, securing his first big win as a self-described “pro-crypto president.” The act is the first major piece of cryptocurrency legislation passed in the US.

The House of Representatives voted to pass the GENIUS Act on Thursday, approving the same bill that the Senate passed last month. The law provides a federal framework for stablecoins, a form of cryptocurrency that’s considered less volatile than other cryptocurrencies, as each token is backed by the US dollar or other supposedly low-risk assets.

The GENIUS Act is expected to spur more widespread adoption of cryptocurrencies, since stablecoins are often used to move funds between different tokens. It could become a gateway for many Americans who are otherwise shy about investing in cryptocurrencies, which is what the industry wants. Ahead of Thursday’s vote, critics had warned that Republicans were rushing the pro-industry bill without ensuring adequate consumer protections, though, seemingly setting Americans up to embrace stablecoins as legitimate so-called “cash of the blockchain” without actually insuring their investments.

A big concern is that stablecoins will appear as safe investments, legitimized by the law, while supposedly private companies issuing stablecoins could peg their tokens to riskier assets that could tank reserves, cause bank runs, and potentially blindside and financially ruin Americans. Stablecoin scams could also target naïve stablecoin investors, luring them into making deposits that cannot be withdrawn.

Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Calif.)—part of a group of Democrats who had strongly opposed the bill—further warned Thursday that the GENIUS Act prevents lawmakers from owning or promoting stablecoins, but not the president. Trump and his family have allegedly made more than a billion dollars through their crypto ventures, and Waters is concerned that the law will make it easier for Trump and other presidents to use the office to grift and possibly even obscure foreign bribes.

“By passing this bill, Congress will be telling the world that Congress is OK with corruption, OK with foreign companies buying influence,” Waters said Thursday, CBS News reported.

Some lawmakers fear such corruption is already happening. Senators previously urged the Office of Government Ethics in a letter to investigate why “a crypto firm whose founder needs a pardon” (Binance’s Changpeng Zhao, also known as “CZ”) “and a foreign government spymaker coveting sensitive US technology” (United Arab Emirates-controlled MGX) “plan to pay the Trump and Witkoff families hundreds of millions of dollars.”

The White House continues to insist that Trump has “no conflicts of interest” because “his assets are in a trust managed by his children,” Reuters reported.

Ultimately, Waters and other Democrats failed to amend the bill to prevent presidents from benefiting from the stablecoin framework and promoting their own crypto projects.

Markets for various cryptocurrencies spiked Thursday, as the industry anticipates that more people will hold crypto wallets in a world where it’s fast, cheap, and easy to move money on the blockchain with stablecoins, as compared to relying on traditional bank services. And any fees associated with stablecoin transfers will likely be paid with other forms of cryptocurrencies, with a token called ether predicted to benefit most since “most stablecoins are issued and transacted on the underlying blockchain Ethereum,” Reuters reported.

Unsurprisingly, ether-linked stocks jumped Friday, with the token’s value hitting a six-month high. Notably, Bitcoin recently hit a record high; it was valued at above $120,000 as the stablecoin bill moved closer to Trump’s desk.

GENIUS Act plants “seeds for the next financial crisis”

As Trump prepares to sign the law, Consumer Reports’ senior director monitoring digital marketplaces, Delicia Hand, told Ars that the group plans to work with other consumer advocates and the implementing regulator to try to close any gaps in the stablecoin legislation that would leave Americans vulnerable.

Some Democrats supported the GENIUS Act, arguing that some regulation is better than none as cryptocurrency activity increases globally and the technology has the potential to revolutionize the US financial system.

But Hand told Ars that “we’ve already seen what happens when there are no protections” for consumers, like during the FTX collapse.

She joins critics that the BBC reported are concerned that stablecoin investors could get stuck in convoluted bankruptcy processes as tech firms engage more and more in “bank-like activities” without the same oversight as banks.

The only real assurances for stablecoin investors are requirements that all firms must publish monthly reserves backing their tokens, as well as annual statements required from the biggest companies issuing tokens. Those will likely include e-commerce and digital payments giants like Amazon, PayPal, and Shopify, as well as major social media companies.

Meanwhile, Trump seemingly wants to lure more elderly people into investing in crypto, reportedly “working on a presidential order that could allow retirement accounts to be invested in private assets, such as crypto, gold, and private equity,” the BBC reported.

Waters, a top Democrat on the House Financial Services Committee, is predicting the worst. She has warned that the law gives “Trump the pen to write the rules that would put more money in his family’s pocket” while causing “consumer harm” and planting “the seeds for the next financial crisis.”

Analyst: End of Trump’s crypto wins

The House of Representatives passed two other crypto bills this week, but those bills now go to the Senate, where they may not have enough support to pass.

The CLARITY Act—which creates a regulatory framework for digital assets and cryptocurrencies to allow for more innovation and competition—is “absolutely the most important thing” the crypto industry has been pushing since spending more than $119 million backing pro-crypto congressional candidates last year, a Coinbase policy official, Kara Calvert, told The New York Times.

Republicans and industry see the CLARITY Act as critical because it strips the Securities and Exchange Commission of power to police cryptocurrencies and digital assets and gives that power instead to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which is viewed as friendlier to industry. If it passed, the CLARITY Act would not just make it harder for the SEC to raise lawsuits, but it would also box out any future SEC officials under less crypto-friendly presidents from “bringing any cases for past misconduct,” Amanda Fischer, a top SEC official under the Biden administration, told the NYT.

“It would retroactively bless all the conduct of the crypto industry,” Fischer suggested.

But Senators aren’t happy with the CLARITY Act and expect to draft their own version of the bill, striving to lay out a crypto market structure that isn’t “reviled by consumer protection groups,” the NYT reported.

And the other bill that the House sent to the Senate on Thursday—which would ban the US from creating a central bank digital currency (CBDC) that some conservatives believe would allow for government financial surveillance—faces an uphill battle, in part due to Republicans seemingly downgrading it as a priority.

The anti-CBDC bill will likely be added to a “must-pass” annual defense policy bill facing a vote later this year, the NYT reported. But Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R.-Ga.) “mocked” that plan, claiming she did not expect it to be “honored.”

Terry Haines, founder of the Washington-based analysis firm Pangaea Policy, has forecasted that both the CLARITY Act and the anti-CBDC bills will likely die in the Senate, the BBC reported.

“This is the end of crypto’s wins for quite a while—and the only one,” Haines suggested. “When the easy part, stablecoin, takes [approximately] four to five years and barely survives industry scandals, it’s not much to crow about.”

Ashley is a senior policy reporter for Ars Technica, dedicated to tracking social impacts of emerging policies and new technologies. She is a Chicago-based journalist with 20 years of experience.

Trump to sign stablecoin bill that may make it easier to bribe the president Read More »

Rocket Report: SpaceX won’t land at Johnston Atoll; new North Sea launch site

rocket report, Space, spacex / Mike M. / July 18, 2025

All the news that’s fit to lift

“Europe is seizing the opportunity to lead.”

NASA astronauts Mike Fincke (left) and Zena Cardman (right), the pilot and commander of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission to the International Space Station, view a Falcon 9 rocket ahead of their spaceflight. Credit: SpaceX

Welcome to Edition 8.03 of the Rocket Report! We are at an interesting stage in Europe, with its efforts to commercialize spaceflight. Finally, it seems the long-slumbering continent is waking up to the need to leverage private capital to drive down the costs of space access, and we are seeing more investment flow into European companies. But it is critical that European policymakers make strategic investments across the industry or companies like PLD Space, which outlined big plans this week, will struggle to get off the launch pad.

As always, we welcome reader submissions, and if you don’t want to miss an issue, please subscribe using the box below (the form will not appear on AMP-enabled versions of the site). Each report will include information on small-, medium-, and heavy-lift rockets, as well as a quick look ahead at the next three launches on the calendar.

Avio celebrates freedom from Arianespace. Representatives from Italy, Germany, and France met at the European Space Agency headquarters last week to sign the Launcher Exploitation Declaration, which officially began the transfer of Vega C launch operation responsibilities from Arianespace to the rocket’s builder, Avio, European Spaceflight reports. “It is a historic step that reinforces our nation’s autonomy in access to space and assigns us a strategic responsibility towards Europe,” said Avio CEO Giulio Ranzo. “We are ready to meet this challenge with determination, and we are investing in technologies, expertise, and infrastructure to ensure a competitive service.”

A breaking of long-term partnerships … In addition to securing control over the full exploitation of the Vega launch vehicle family, Italy, through Avio, is also investing in what comes next. The country has committed more than 330 million euros to the development of the MR60 methalox rocket engine and two demonstrator vehicles. These, along with the MR10 engine being developed under the Vega E programme, will support Avio’s preparation of a future reusable launch vehicle. Historically, France, Germany, and Italy have worked together on European launch vehicles. This appears to be another step in breaking up that long-term partnership toward more nationalistic efforts.

PLD Space outlines grand ambitions. PLD Space, Spain’s sole contestant in the European Launcher Challenge, unveiled its long-term strategy at the company’s Industry Days event this week, Payload reports. The company is targeting a production rate of 32 Miura 5 launchers annually by 2030. To achieve this output, PLD plans to deepen its vertical integration, consolidate its supplier network, and begin to serialize its manufacturing process beginning in 2027.

Building up the supply chain … The company’s production plans also call for the parallel development of Miura Next, a heavy-lift vehicle capable of bringing 13 tons to orbit. However, the company will start with the Miura 5 vehicle, which PLD expects to launch for the first time from French Guiana in 2026. Since the beginning of 2024, PLD has invested a total of 50 million euros in its Miura 5 supply chain, consisting of 397 industrial partners, many of which are located in Spain and other European countries. These plans are great, but sooner or later, the 14-year-old company needs to start putting rockets in space. (submitted by EllPeaTea)

The easiest way to keep up with Eric Berger’s and Stephen Clark’s reporting on all things space is to sign up for our newsletter. We’ll collect their stories and deliver them straight to your inbox.

Sign Me Up!

New consortium will study space plane. A UK-based space and defense consultant group, Frazer-Nash, will lead a program to design a vehicle and its integrated systems with the goal of building and flying a Mach 5-capable aircraft at the edge of space by early 2031. This so-called INVICTUS program was funded with a 7 million-euro grant from the European Space Agency and is seen as a stepping stone toward developing a reusable space plane that takes off and lands horizontally from a runway.

Seeking to lead a new era of flight … Over 12 months, INVICTUS has been tasked to deliver the concept and elements of the preliminary design of the full flight system. It will attempt to demonstrate the efficacy of hydrogen-fueled, precooled air-breathing propulsion at hypersonic speeds, technology that will ultimately enable horizontal take-off. “With INVICTUS, Europe is seizing the opportunity to lead in technologies that will redefine how we move across the planet and reach beyond it,” said Tommaso Ghidini, head of the Mechanical Department at the European Space Agency. (submitted by Jid)

ESA backs North Sea launch site. A private company developing a launch site in the North Sea, EuroSpaceport, has secured support from the European Space Agency. The company, founded five years ago, is developing a sea-based launch platform built on a repurposed offshore wind turbine service vessel, European Spaceflight reports. Rockets are envisioned to launch from a position 50 to 100 km offshore from the port of Esbjerg, in Denmark.

Seeing the forest for the trees … On Wednesday, EuroSpaceport announced that it had signed an agreement with the European Space Agency and Polish rocket builder SpaceForest to support the first launch from its Spaceport North Sea platform. The company will receive support from the agency through its Boost! Program. SpaceForest has been a recipient of Boost! funding, receiving 2.4 million euros in October 2024. SpaceForest said the mission will be used to verify the launch procedures of its Perun rocket under nominal suborbital conditions. (submitted by EllPeaTea)

Amazon and SpaceX, best frenemies? Maybe not, but for the time being, they appear to be friends of convenience. A Falcon 9 rocket launched from Florida’s Space Coast early on Wednesday with a batch of Internet satellites for Amazon’s Project Kuiper network, thrusting a rival one step closer to competing with SpaceX’s Starlink broadband service. With this launch, Amazon now has 78 Kuiper satellites in orbit, Ars reports. The full Kuiper constellation will consist of 3,232 satellites to provide broadband Internet service to most of the populated world, bringing Amazon in competition with SpaceX’s Starlink network.

Launch is not cheap … Kuiper is an expensive undertaking, estimated at between $16.5 billion and $20 billion by the industry analytics firm Quilty Space. Quilty has concluded that Amazon is spending $10 billion on launch alone, exceeding the company’s original cost estimate for the entire program. Amazon has booked more than 80 launches to deploy the Kuiper constellation, but the company didn’t turn to SpaceX until it had to. A shareholder lawsuit filed in 2023 accused Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and the company’s board of directors of breaching their “fiduciary duty” by not considering SpaceX as an option for launching Kuiper satellites. The plaintiffs in the lawsuit alleged Amazon didn’t consider the Falcon 9 due to an intense and personal rivalry between Bezos and SpaceX founder Elon Musk. Amazon bowed to the allegations and announced a contract with SpaceX for three Falcon 9 launches in December 2023 to provide “additional capacity” for deploying the Kuiper network.

NASA targets end of July for Crew-11. NASA said Monday that it and SpaceX were targeting July 31 for the flight of SpaceX’s Crew-11 mission to the orbiting outpost, Spaceflight Now reports. The mission is led by NASA astronaut Zena Cardman. She will be flying along with fellow NASA astronaut Mike Fincke, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Kimiya Yui and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov.

Pushing Dragon reuse … The mission was moved up from its previously planned August launch window to create more room in the manifest for the arrival of the Cargo Dragon flying the CRS-33 mission. That Dragon will perform a boost of the space station as a demonstration of some of the capabilities SpaceX will use on its US Deorbit Vehicle currently in work. Crew-11 will fly to the orbiting outpost on Crew Dragon Endeavour, which will be its sixth trip to the ISS. This will be the first Crew Dragon spacecraft to fly for a sixth time.

SpaceX won’t use Johnston Atoll for rocket cargo tests. Johnston Atoll, an unincorporated US territory and Pacific island wildlife refuge with a complicated military history, will no longer become a SpaceX reusable rocket test site, Popular Science reports. “The Department of the Air Force has elected to hold the preparation of the Johnston Atoll Environmental Assessment for a proposed rocket cargo landing demonstration on Johnston Atoll in abeyance while the service explores alternative options for implementation,” Air Force spokesperson Laurel Falls said.

Taking a toll on the atoll … Located roughly 860 miles southwest of Hawaii, Johnston Atoll has served as a base for numerous US military operations for over 90 years. Despite this, the atoll remains a home for 14 tropical bird species as part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. The site had been under consideration for tests as part of a military program to deliver cargo around the planet, using suborbital missions on rocket such as SpaceX’s Starship vehicle. The Johnston Atoll plans included the construction of two landing pads that were met with public backlash from wildlife experts and indigenous representatives. (submitted by Tfargo04)

Blue Origin confirms ESCAPADE is up next. On Thursday, Blue Origin said on social media that the second launch of its New Glenn rocket will carry NASA’s ESCAPADE mission as its primary payload. This launch will support ESCAPADE’s science objectives as the twin spacecraft progress on their journey to the Red Planet. Also onboard is a technology demonstration from @Viasat in support of @NASASpaceOps’ Communications Services Project.

Left unsaid was when the launch will occur … The social media post confirms a report from Ars in June, which said the ESCAPADE spacecraft was up next on New Glenn. Previously, the company has said this second launch will take place no earlier than August 15. However, that is less than one month away. Late September is probably the earliest realistic launch date, with October or November more likely for the second flight of the company’s large rocket.

Next three launches

July 19: Falcon 9 | Starlink 17-3 | Vandenberg Space Force Base, California | 03: 44 UTC

July 21: Falcon 9 | O3b mPOWER 9 & 10 | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida | 21: 00 UTC

July 22: Falcon 9 | NASA’s Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites | Vandenberg Space Force Base, California | 18: 05 UTC

Eric Berger is the senior space editor at Ars Technica, covering everything from astronomy to private space to NASA policy, and author of two books: Liftoff, about the rise of SpaceX; and Reentry, on the development of the Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon. A certified meteorologist, Eric lives in Houston.

Rocket Report: SpaceX won’t land at Johnston Atoll; new North Sea launch site Read More »

Everything we learned from a week with Apple CarPlay Ultra

Apple, CarPlay, CarPlay Ultra, Cars, Features / Mike M. / July 17, 2025

CarPlay Ultra takes over the main instrument display as well as the infotainment.

Aston Martin is the first automaker to adopt Apple’a CarPlay Ultra, which takes over all the displays in the car. Credit: Michael Teo Van Runkle

For the 2025 model year, Aston Martin’s user interface took a major step forward across the lineup, with improvements to the physical controls and digital infotainment, as well as updated gauge cluster layouts. However, the big news dropped in the spring, when Aston and Apple announced the launch of CarPlay Ultra, the next generation of Apple’s nearly ubiquitous automotive operating system.

Ultra extends beyond the strictly “phone” functions of traditional CarPlay to now encompass more robust vehicular integration, including climate control, drive modes, and the entire gauge cluster readout. Running Ultra, therefore, requires a digital gauge cluster. So far, not many automakers other than Aston have signaled their intent to join the revolution: Kia/Hyundai/Genesis will adopt Ultra next, and Porsche may come after that.

Before future partnerships come to fruition, I spent a week with a DB12 Volante to test Ultra’s use cases and conceptual failure points, most critically to discover whether this generational leap actually enhances or detracts from an otherwise stellar driving experience.

Setup

The following gallery will take you through the setup process. Michael Teo Van Runkle

Connecting to Ultra via Bluetooth takes a minute or two longer than traditional CarPlay and includes more consent screens to cover the additional legal ramifications of the operating system sharing data with the car, and vice versa. Apple restricts this data to multimedia info, plus real-time speed and engine status, vehicle lights, and similar functions. Specifically, neither the iPhone nor third-party apps store any vehicle data after disconnecting from the car, and the car doesn’t keep personal data once the iPhone disconnects, either.

What about Siri? I generally keep Siri turned off so that accidental “Hey, Siri” activations don’t constantly interrupt my life—but by pushing the DB12’s steering wheel button, I could test simple tasks that went just about as well as typical for Siri (read: don’t expect much “Apple Intelligence” quite yet). Standard Siri data sharing with Apple therefore applies when used with Ultra.

I tested Ultra with an iPhone 16 Pro, but the software requires an iPhone 12 or newer and the latest iOS 18.5 update. As a type of simple failure exercise, I turned my phone off while driving more than once. Doing so reverts both the gauge cluster and infotainment screen to Aston’s native UI, the former almost instantly and the latter just a few seconds later. However, once I turned my phone back on, I struggled to reactivate either traditional CarPlay or Ultra until I forgot the device in my Bluetooth settings and started over from scratch. This held true for every attempt.

We didn’t love the fact that there was some latency with the needles on the dials. Michael Teo Van Runkle

Once initiated, though, Ultra fired up straightaway every time. Much faster than the typical lag to boot up traditional CarPlay. In fact, as soon as I unlocked the doors but before entering the DB12, the gauge cluster showed Ultra’s Apple-style readouts. These configurable designs, which Apple developed with Aston’s input, include a classic analog-style gauge view as well as layouts that allow for minimized data, navigation, and stylistic choices selectable through the center console screen or by swiping the haptic button on the DB12’s steering wheel.

Call me old-fashioned, but I still enjoy seeing a tachometer, speedometer, drive modes, and fuel level versus range remaining and a digital speed—especially on an engaging performance vehicle like the DB12 Volante. Apple might be skilled at making new tech easy to use, but it’s hard to beat the power of millions of minds adapting to analog gauges over the past century or so. And in this case, Ultra’s tach(s) showed a bit of latency or lag while ripping that 671-hp twin-turbo V8 up through the revs, something I never noticed in the native UI.

It’s much more holistic now

Ultra’s biggest improvements over preceding CarPlay generations are in the center console infotainment integration. Being able to access climate controls, drive modes, and traction settings without leaving the intuitive suite of CarPlay makes life much easier. In fact, changing between drive modes and turning traction control off or down via Aston’s nifty adjustable system caused less latency and lagging in the displays in Ultra. And for climate, Ultra actually brings up a much better screen after spinning the physical rotaries on the center console than you get through Aston’s UI—plus, I found a way to make the ventilated seats blow stronger, which I never located through the innate UI despite purposefully searching for a similar menu page.

There are different main instrument UIs to choose from, like this one. Michael Teo Van Runkle

Some specific functions do require dipping out of Ultra, though, including changing any audio settings for the spectacular Bowers & Wilkins sound system. I also found two glitches. Trying to bring down the DB12 Volante’s convertible top cued up a “Close trunk separator” alert, but the only way to close the trunk separator is via the same button as the convertible top. So instead, the windows only went up and down repeatedly as I tried to enjoy open-top motoring. This happened both in Ultra and without, however, so it could just be an Aston issue that Ultra couldn’t fix.

Plus, over the course of my eight days with Ultra, I experienced one moment where both the infotainment and gauge cluster went totally black. This resembled GM’s Ultium screen issues and lasted about 30 seconds or so before both flickered to life again. At first, I suspected an inadvertent attempt to activate nighttime driving mode. But again, this could have been an Aston issue, an Apple issue, or both.

Running around Los Angeles, I never found a spot with zero reception (I run e-sims, both Verizon and AT&T simultaneously, for this very reason), but I did purposefully enter airplane mode. This time, Ultra stayed active, and regardless, Apple assured me that essential functions, including navigation, can pre-load offline data for planned route guidance. But at the very worst, as with the phone turning off or battery dying, Ultra can simply revert to the onboard navigation.

Using Ultra regularly seemed to deplete my iPhone’s battery slightly more quickly than normal, and I noticed some warming of the iPhone—though without a controlled experiment, I can’t say with certainty whether these two symptoms happened quicker than simply running traditional CarPlay or Bluetooth. And in reality, most cars running Ultra (for Aston and beyond) should come equipped with wireless charge pads and plenty of USB-C ports anyhow to keep those batteries topped up. On hot summer days in LA, though, my iPhone seemed to get warmest while using inductive charging and Ultra simultaneously, to my admittedly unscientific touch.

Apple Maps is the only map that is allowed to go here in CarPlay Ultra. Michael Teo Van Runkle

For commuters who brave traffic using Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Ultra seemed to work smoothly with the DB12’s lane departure warnings, steering corrections, and adaptive cruise control—though I typically turn all this off via Aston’s handy single button, which helps to stave off frustration. This introduces a loophole or gap in regulations, however, whether CarPlay Ultra needs to meet the ISO’s ASIL-D standards or achieve some kind of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration certification.

Traditional CarPlay stuck with infotainment and basic “phone” functions, but now that the iPhone essentially accesses and displays ADAS, drive modes, and traction setting information, where does regulated consumer safety come in? And where does liability rest, in the event of a driver aid or corrective maneuver going awry? Somehow, this question seems most likely to wind up on the desk of an insurance adjuster sooner rather than later.

Can we try it in an EV?

For me, some disappointment arose from being unable to cue up either Waze or Google Maps in Ultra’s gauge cluster navigation screens rather than strictly Apple Maps. But in many ways, I suspect that Ultra might work even better when (or if) Hyundai/Kia/Genesis introduce compatible EVs, rather than Aston’s (so far) more classic ICE vehicles. And not just because the modern futurist aesthetic matches better, either, but more so thanks to the improved accuracy of range, charging, and navigation features.

The center infotainment screen’s integration with vehicular functions, therefore, stands out as much more of a pro for Aston Martins than Ultra’s gauge cluster readout, enhancing the driving experience through a more intuitive UI that decreases time spent glancing away from the road. For those who want to skip out on Ultra, it’s also worth noting that the iPhone allows for the choice to stick with traditional CarPlay only as well. However, I suspect car buyers will eventually begin to expect Ultra, even if the added jump to vehicular control represents somewhat less of a massive leap than simply picking between models equipped with CarPlay or not.

It’s unclear whether other automakers will find the advantages worthy of converting to Ultra, including Rivian, which offers neither CarPlay nor Android Auto, or GM, which skipped out on CarPlay for EVs. On the other hand, automakers may also decide to hesitate before handing over further control to Apple now that the Apple Car is officially dead. And in that regard, Ultra might just represent the final straw that inspires further improvements to proprietary user interfaces across the industry as well.

Everything we learned from a week with Apple CarPlay Ultra Read More »

More VMware cloud partners axed as Broadcom launches new invite-only program

Biz & IT, Broadcom, vmware / Mike M. / July 17, 2025

In response to the white label program ending, a Reddit user who claimed that their organization spent 300,000 pounds (about $402,500) a year on licensing through a VMware white-label partner, said:

I now have 6 months to design / procure / build a new multi region service provider virtualisation platform to support millions in revenue and an additional 12 months to migrate all our VMware clients.

I’m just astonished.

In a statement to The Register, Broadcom encouraged CSPs cut from VMware’s channel to work with authorized partners to “ensure a smooth transition for customers who seek to renew a service at the end of their current term,” but it offered no incentive or resources.

“Stronger execution”

News of additional partner cuts follows last month’s debut of VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) 9.0. The blog post by VMware partner Interactive posited that Broadcom is paring down its CSP partner program in relation to VCF 9.0, which it said “underpins a small number [of] hyperscale private cloud platforms in each region.”

In a statement to The Register explaining the changes, Broadcom said:

Broadcom’s strategy since closing the VMware acquisition has been to drive simplification, consistency, and innovation across the VMware Go To Market ecosystem, including VMware Cloud Service Providers (VCSPs).

Recent changes to this ecosystem are consistent with this strategy. Broadcom is focusing more and going deeper with the VCSPs who have demonstrated commitment to their cloud services built on VMware. This will enable us to deliver greater value, stronger execution, and a more streamlined experience for Broadcom’s VMware customers of all sizes and enable a truly competitive offering to the hyperscalers through our CSPs.

Broadcom hasn’t shared how many partners it has shed through previous VMware channel changes. Last month, it cut members of the VMware reseller program’s lowest tier and claimed that most affected partners were inactive.

When Broadcom dropped those resellers last month, there was concern that its partner reductions were too extreme. At the time, Gartner VP analyst Michael Warrilow, for example, told The Register: “Broadcom seem intent on destroying what was one of the most successful partner ecosystems in the industry.” Sumit Bhatia, co-author of the book Navigating VMware Turmoil in the Broadcom Era, told Ars Technica that he expected the partner cuts to result in higher pricing for VMware customers.

As Broadcom continues to whittle away at VMware’s remaining partner base, the impacts of a smaller partner program will become harder to ignore, particularly for small-to-medium-sized businesses. The change aligns with the perception that Broadcom is mostly interested in conducting VMware business with large customers, despite repeated claims that its VMware changes benefit “customers of all sizes.”

More VMware cloud partners axed as Broadcom launches new invite-only program Read More »

Google finds custom backdoor being installed on SonicWall network devices

Biz & IT, hackers, Security, sonicwall, vulnerabilities / Mike M. / July 17, 2025

Researchers from the Google Threat Intelligence Group said that hackers are compromising SonicWall Secure Mobile Access (SMA) appliances, which sit at the edge of enterprise networks and manage and secure access by mobile devices.

The targeted devices are end of life, meaning they no longer receive regular updates for stability and security. Despite the status, many organizations continue to rely on them. That has left them prime targets by UNC6148, the name Google has given to the unknown hacking group.

“GTIG recommends that all organizations with SMA appliances perform analysis to determine if they have been compromised,” a report published Wednesday said, using the abbreviation for Google Threat Intelligence Group. “Organizations should acquire disk images for forensic analysis to avoid interference from the rootkit anti-forensic capabilities. Organizations may need to engage with SonicWall to capture disk images from physical appliances.”

Lacking specifics

Many key details remain unknown. For one thing, the attacks are exploiting leaked local administrator credentials on the targeted devices, and so far, no one knows how the credentials were obtained. It’s also not known what vulnerabilities UNC6148 is exploiting. It’s also unclear precisely what the attackers are doing after they take control of a device.

The lack of details is largely the result of the functioning on Overstep, the name of custom backdoor malware UNC6148 is installing after initial compromise of the devices. Overstep allows the attackers to selectively remove log entries, a technique that is hindering forensic investigation. Wednesday’s report also posits that the attackers may be armed with a zero-day exploit, meaning it targets a vulnerability that’s currently publicly unknown. Possible vulnerabilities UNC6148 may be exploiting include:

CVE-2021-20038: An unauthenticated remote code execution made possible by a memory corruption vulnerability.
CVE-2024-38475: An unauthenticated path traversal vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server, which is present in the SMA 100. It can be exploited to extract two separate SQLite databases that store user account credentials, session tokens, and seed values for generating one-time passwords.
CVE-2021-20035: An authenticated remote code execution vulnerability. Security firm Arctic Wolf and SonicWall reported in April that this vulnerability was under active exploitation.
CVE-2021-20039: An authenticated remote code execution vulnerability. There have been reports that this vulnerability was under active exploitation to install ransomware in 2024.
CVE-2025-32819: An authenticated file deletion vulnerability that can be exploited to cause a targeted device to revert the built-in administrator credentials to a password so that attackers can gain administrator access.

Google finds custom backdoor being installed on SonicWall network devices Read More »

There could be “dark main sequence” stars at the galactic center

astronomy, astrophysics, Dark Matter, main sequence, Science, star evolution, stars / Mike M. / July 16, 2025

Dark matter particle and antiparticle collisions could make some stars immortal.

For a star, its initial mass is everything. It determines how quickly it burns through its hydrogen and how it will evolve once it starts fusing heavier elements. It’s so well understood that scientists have devised a “main sequence” that acts a bit like a periodic table for stars, correlating their mass and age with their properties.

The main sequence, however, is based on an assumption that’s almost always true: All of the energy involved comes from the gravity-driven fusion of lighter elements into heavier ones. However, three astrophysicists consider an alternative source of energy that may apply at the very center of our galaxy— energy released when dark matter particles and antiparticles collide and annihilate. While we don’t even know that dark matter can do that, it’s a hypothetical with some interesting consequences, like seemingly immortal stars, and others that move backward along the main sequence path.

Dark annihilations

We haven’t figured out what dark matter is, but there are lots of reasons to think that it is comprised of elementary particles. And, if those behave like all of the particles we understand well, then there will be both regular and antimatter versions. Should those collide, they should annihilate each other, releasing energy in the process. Given dark matter’s general propensity not to interact with anything, these collisions will be extremely rare except in locations with very high dark matter concentrations.

The only place that’s likely to happen is at the very center of our galaxy. And, for a while, there was an excess of radiation coming from the galactic core that people thought might be due to dark matter annihilations, although it eventually turned out to have a more mundane explanation.

At the extreme densities found within a light year of the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, concentrations are high enough that these collisions could be a major source of energy. And so astronomers have considered what all that energy might do to stars that end up in a black hole’s orbit, finding that under the right circumstances, dark matter destruction could provide more energy to a star than fusion.

That prompted three astrophysicists (Isabelle John, Rebecca Leane, and Tim Linden) to try to look at things in an organized fashion, modeling a “dark main sequence” of stars as they might exist within a close proximity to the Milky Way’s center.

The intense gravity and radiation found near the galaxy’s core mean that stars can’t form there. So, anything that’s in a tight orbit had formed somewhere else before gravitational interactions had pushed it into the gravitational grasp of the galaxy’s central black hole. The researchers used a standard model of star evolution to build a collection of moderate-sized stars, from one to 20 solar masses at 0.05 solar mass intervals. These are allowed to ignite fusion at their cores and then shift into a dark-matter-rich environment.

Since we have no idea how often dark matter particles might run into each other, John, Leane, and Linden use two different collision frequencies. These determine how much energy is imparted into these stars by dark matter, which the researchers simply add as a supplement to the amount of fusion energy the stars are producing. Then, the stars are allowed to evolve forward in time.

(The authors note that stars that are thrown into the grasp of a supermassive black hole tend to have very eccentric orbits, so they spend a lot of time outside the zone where dark matter collisions take place with a significant frequency. So, what they’ve done is the equivalent of having these stars experience the energy input given their average orbital distance from the galaxy’s core. In reality, a star would spend some years with higher energy input and some years with lower input as it moves about its orbit.)

Achieving immortality

The physics of what happens is based on the same balance of forces that govern fusion-powered stars, but produces some very strange results. Given only fusion power, a star will exist at a balance point. If gravity compresses it, fusion speeds up, more energy is released, and that energy causes the star to expand outward again. That causes the density drop, slowing fusion back down again.

The dark matter annihilations essentially provide an additional source of energy that stays constant regardless of what happens to the star’s density. At the low end of the mass range the researchers considered, this can cause the star to nearly shut off fusion, essentially looking like a far younger star than it actually is. That has the effect of causing the star to move backward along the main sequence diagram.

The researchers note that even lighter stars could essentially get so much additional energy that they can’t hold together and end up dissipating, something that’s been seen in models run by other researchers.

As the mass gets higher, stars reach the point where they essentially give up on fusion and get by with nothing but dark matter annihilations. They have enough mass to hold together gravitationally, but end up too diffused for fusion to continue. And they’ll stay that way as long as they continue to get additional injections of energy. “A star like this might look like a young, still-forming star,” the authors write, “but has features of a star that has undergone nuclear fusion in the past and is effectively immortal.”

John, Leane, and Linden find that the higher mass stars remain dense enough for fusion to continue even in proximity to the galaxy’s black hole. But the additional energy kept that fusion happening at a moderate rate. They proceeded through the main sequence, but at a pace that was exceptionally slow, so that running the simulation for a total of 10 billion years didn’t see them change significantly.

The other strange thing here is that all of this is very sensitive to how much dark matter annihilation is taking place. A star that’s “immortal” at one average distance will progress slowly through the main sequence if its average distance is a light year further out. Similarly, stars that are too light to survive at one location will hold together if they are a bit further from the supermassive black hole.

Is there anything to this?

The big caution is that this work only looks at the average input from dark matter annihilation. In reality, a star that might be immortal at its average distance will likely spend a few years too hot to hold together, and then several years cooling off in conditions that should allow fusion to reignite. It would be nice to see a model run with this sort of pulsed input, perhaps basing it on the orbits of some of the stars we’ve seen that get close to the Milky Way’s central black hole.

In the meantime, John, Leane, and Linden write that their results are consistent with some of the oddities that are apparent in the stars we’ve observed at the galaxy’s center. These have two distinctive properties: They appear heavier than the average star in the Milky Way, and all seem to be quite young. If there is a “dark main sequence,” then the unusual heft can be explained simply by the fact that lower mass stars end up dissipating due to the additional energy. And the model would suggest that these stars simply appear to be young because they haven’t undergone much fusion.

The researchers suggest that we could have a clearer picture if we were able to spend enough time observing the stars at our galaxy’s core with a large enough telescope, allowing us to understand their nature and orbits.

Physical Review D, 2025. DOI: Not yet available (About DOIs).

John is Ars Technica’s science editor. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of California, Berkeley. When physically separated from his keyboard, he tends to seek out a bicycle, or a scenic location for communing with his hiking boots.

There could be “dark main sequence” stars at the galactic center Read More »

BYD has caught up with Tesla in the global EV race. Here’s how.

BYD, Cars, china, elon musk, EVs, syndication, Tesla / Mike M. / July 15, 2025

“Tesla has partnered with Baidu [a Chinese search and AI group] but Baidu can’t disclose all the data points to Tesla,” Duo adds. “The real-world data is definitely more valuable.”

Home field advantage

While BYD might have home turf advantage when it comes to data collection and security, Wang’s late pivot to driverless functionality has created some risks for the group.

One is question marks over financial sustainability. Price wars among Chinese carmakers are putting margins and the industry’s balance sheet under strain as Beijing demands more action to protect suppliers in the world’s largest car market.

It has also opened up some rare gaps in BYD’s otherwise formidable vertical integration. Its market leadership has also enabled it to pressure suppliers for price cuts and extended payment terms, allowing it to rigorously control costs.

But according to Chris McNally, an analyst with US investment bank Evercore, the God’s Eye platform uses software and hardware partners, including Momenta, a Chinese group backed by General Motors in the US, and some chips from Nvidia.

BYD EVP next to car — BYD’s executive vice-president Stella Li said competition with Tesla in EVs and autonomous technology would accelerate innovation, ultimately making BYD a “better’” company. Credit: Joel Saget/AFP/Getty Images

For years, the risks associated with reliance on US-made chips in particular have hovered over the Chinese car sector—plans for driverless systems could be held back at any moment by US export controls or sanctions.

“Given the geopolitical environment, no one will invest in a technology with such a high risk that they’re still relying on foreign technology,” says Raymond Tsang, an automotive technology expert with Bain in Shanghai.

However, these vulnerabilities might not persist. Analysts believe BYD will soon develop most of its driverless systems in house and increasingly swap out Nvidia chips for those made by Beijing-based Horizon Robotics. “This is the BYD way to drive costs down,” McNally says.

It would also be consistent with a broader shift towards self-reliance in key technologies, in response to Washington’s steadily increasing restrictions on technology exports to China.

Yuqian Ding, a veteran Beijing-based auto analyst with HSBC, says that while BYD has not talked about developing a robotaxi service, executives have made “very clear” their plans to develop in-house all the important software and hardware needed for autonomous vehicles.

Wang, the BYD boss, has also previously indicated to analysts that the company has all the tech and know-how to develop robots, in another potential long-term challenge to Musk.

“With more than 5 million scale per annum, they can do everything,” Ding says, adding: “That’s the ultimate goal … Their target is much closer to Tesla.”

In an interview with the Financial Times this year, BYD’s executive vice-president Stella Li said competition with Tesla in EVs and autonomous technology would accelerate innovation, ultimately making BYD a “better” company.

“In the future, if you are not producing an electric car, if you’re not introducing technology in intelligence and autonomous driving, you will be out,” she warned.

Additional reporting by Gloria Li in Hong Kong

Graphic illustration by Ian Bott and data visualisation by Ray Douglas

BYD has caught up with Tesla in the global EV race. Here’s how. Read More »

Study finds AI tools made open source software developers 19 percent slower

AI, AI coding, AI coding tools, AI tools / Mike M. / July 15, 2025

Time saved on things like active coding was overwhelmed by the time needed to prompt, wait on, and review AI outputs in the study. Credit: METR

On the surface, METR’s results seem to contradict other benchmarks and experiments that demonstrate increases in coding efficiency when AI tools are used. But those often also measure productivity in terms of total lines of code or the number of discrete tasks/code commits/pull requests completed, all of which can be poor proxies for actual coding efficiency.

Many of the existing coding benchmarks also focus on synthetic, algorithmically scorable tasks created specifically for the benchmark test, making it hard to compare those results to those focused on work with pre-existing, real-world code bases. Along those lines, the developers in METR’s study reported in surveys that the overall complexity of the repos they work with (which average 10 years of age and over 1 million lines of code) limited how helpful the AI could be. The AI wasn’t able to utilize “important tacit knowledge or context” about the codebase, the researchers note, while the “high developer familiarity with [the] repositories” aided their very human coding efficiency in these tasks.

These factors lead the researchers to conclude that current AI coding tools may be particularly ill-suited to “settings with very high quality standards, or with many implicit requirements (e.g., relating to documentation, testing coverage, or linting/formatting) that take humans substantial time to learn.” While those factors may not apply in “many realistic, economically relevant settings” involving simpler code bases, they could limit the impact of AI tools in this study and similar real-world situations.

And even for complex coding projects like the ones studied, the researchers are also optimistic that further refinement of AI tools could lead to future efficiency gains for programmers. Systems that have better reliability, lower latency, or more relevant outputs (via techniques such as prompt scaffolding or fine-tuning) “could speed up developers in our setting,” the researchers write. Already, they say there is “preliminary evidence” that the recent release of Claude 3.7 “can often correctly implement the core functionality of issues on several repositories that are included in our study.”

For now, however, METR’s study provides some strong evidence that AI’s much-vaunted usefulness for coding tasks may have significant limitations in certain complex, real-world coding scenarios.

Study finds AI tools made open source software developers 19 percent slower Read More »

Author name: Mike M.