Venture capital funding in Europe is plummeting as investors shift focus from growth to cutting costs.
In the first half of 2023, European VC deal value was 61% lower than at the same time last year according to a new report by Pitchbook, a financial data firm.
The total capital raised in the continent was €8.9 billion. At the current rate, the full year is on track to pace 37% below 2022 levels.
Analysts blame the decline on surging interest rates, high inflation, fundraising hurdles, and a subdued IPO market.
These economic headwinds have prompted new investment strategies. Instead of prioritising growth at all costs, VCs are increasingly working with their startups to restructure operations and extend runways as far as possible.
A gloomy impact of this prudence is mass layoffs and hiring freezes at startups. British unicorn GoCardless, for instance, is cutting 15% of its global workforce as of June 2023. According to Pitchbook, startups with lower growth rates that need funding to survive are likely to face down rounds and valuation cuts. More companies are also likely to seek capital despite lower valuations.
This recently occurred at Getir, the Turkish food delivery app. In April, the company raised €435.5m from Abu Dhabi state fund Mubadala at a valuation of €5.7bn. Just a year earlier, the same investor had injected €690.7m into Getir at a valuation of €9.9bn. The new funding effectively slashed the startup’s value by 42.4%.
VC deal activity peaked in Q1 2022 and has been on a steady quarterly decline since. Credit: Pitchbook
The cautious approach has depressed both value and volume of deals. Exit activity has slowed to decade lows, with corporate acquisitions now the most common exit option. Debt-heavy leveraged buyouts, however, have lost share.
US participation in European deals has also plunged. To date, American participation in VC deal value in 2023 is down 69% year-on-year.
The software sector, which laid the foundations for today’s VC industry, has been hit hard by the downturn. In the second quarter of 2023, the value of software deals dropped 71.8% year-on-year — more than any other sector.
“Just as the dot-com bubble reset the sector in 2000, we are seeing a similar reset from the bonanza of deals in 2021 and 2022,” said Pitchbook’s analysts.
Nonetheless, there are signs of hope. The generative AI investment boom could spur dealmaking for software startups in the space.
Sectors that are less cyclical in nature, such as biotech and pharma, have also shown resilience. A notable example of this is Ascend Gene And Cell Therapies. In May, theLondon-based startup raised €120.3mfor its gene therapy tech.
Median deal size has doubled in recent years and sits at €2.1m for 2023. Credit: Pitchbook
Overall, Pitchbook’s data suggests a trend towards larger deals, often as follow-on VC investments that provide extra runway to their startups. Venture growth stage and late-stage deals, meanwhile, have gained a growing share of the VC deal count, while the proportion in angel and seed stages has shrunk.
The findings add further evidence of the current difficulties in securing funding.
Mercifully, a recovery could be on the horizon — particularly in the US, where the Federal Reserve has suggested that monetary tightening will soon end. But in Europe, high inflation could lengthen the contractionary cycle.
After pausing sales, closing stores, and being unable to pay its bills, beloved Dutch ebike maker VanMoof has officially been declared bankrupt.
Just last week, Dutch courts granted the company a two-month ‘suspension of payment’ to protect it from creditors while it worked with administrators to find a solution.
However, yesterday, the court of Amsterdam withdrew the suspension of payment and declared all three of VanMoof’s legal entities in the Netherlands bankrupt. VanMoof’s units outside the country are not affected.
Such a swift bankruptcy decision usually occurs in cases where authorities can see that a company has exhausted all available cash and any options for financing and sale.
😞
In the past day, we tried to secure investment to keep us afloat and honor our commitments with customers and employees, but unfortunately, that was not possible. The proposal to other bike companies for a buy-out did not work either.
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Two administrators have been appointed as trustees and are investigating the possibility of pulling VanMoof out of bankruptcy by selling it to a third party, the company told TNW via email.
The only way VanMoof can stay alive is if it sells off its assets and operations to a third party. This theoretical buyer would not take responsibility for VanMoof’s outstanding debt.
Bankruptcy is the final blow for VanMoof which, despite being one of the most heavily funded ebike startups in the world, has been making major losses on its ebikes for years.
Brothers Taco and Ties Carlier founded VanMoof in 2009 with a big dream: to revolutionise cycling in the city. Credit: VanMoof
VanMoof bikes feature a sleek, simplistic design and have become commonplace on the streets of Amsterdam, where the company was founded in 2009. It has around 700 employees.
In an internal email sent to staff, founders Taco and Ties Carlier said, “we feel sadness, but most of all we feel an immense sense of pride for what we have achieved together.”
VanMoof riders now enter a period of uncertainty over the future of their ebikes, which require custom parts and specialised software to fully operate.
Known for their simplistic, sleek design, VanMoof ebikes were an instance hit. Credit: VanMoof
Matteo, a VanMoof rider since 2018, told TNW he is hoping he doesn’t have any (more) issues with his bike “because clearly I will not be able to get it serviced and I doubt the one year of remaining warranty on my battery is worth anything.”
Matteo, like many VanMoof customers, reports his ebike, an S2 model, has suffered several technical issues since purchase, including a faulty electric motor and battery. These faults took weeks to get resolved. “But when it worked it was a great product and I loved it,” he said.
“When it worked it was a great product and I loved it.
Until recently, customers were solely dependent on VanMoof’s own repair service, resulting in long lead times. “Even something as simple as straightening a wheel could not be done at a normal bike store,” said Matteo.
“When it [VanMoof ebike] will eventually die, I think I will just go and buy a Cowboy,” said Matteo, referring to the Belgian ebike brand, and VanMoof’s closest competitor.
For riders like Matteo, the days spent darting through the city atop a VanMoof are numbered. But until then, here’s some initial guidance on how the company’s bankruptcy will affect customers:
💥The court declared the Dutch legal entities @VanMoof Global Holding B.V., VanMoof B.V., and VanMoof Global Support B.V. bankrupt.
What will happen now? Repairs, open orders & the App. 👇
🔧If you had your bike in repair, you’ll be able to pick it back up when announced, but…
VanMoof also said that no new bikes will be delivered, even if they have already been paid for. The same applies to ordered accessories and parts. Customers who ordered a bike and made a down payment for it should file a claim. Whether any money will be refunded remains to be seen.
According to a tweet, the Dutch police have been inundated by calls from VanMoof customers looking to take action against the company. The police rightly pointed out that the insolvency is a civic matter not a criminal one, and suggested they stop bothering them and let them attend to more urgent matters.
While VanMoof told TNW that it has no further comments at this time, more announcements are expected soon.
In the second half of the year, early-stage European SaaS companies will see a significant funding increase across Series A and seed rounds. That’s according to the aVC index, a new monitoring tool developed by London-based AlbionVC and Google Cloud.
The aVC index is based on an anonymous survey of 40 investors, who are actively deploying capital into the European ecosystem at seed, Series A, and Series B stages. The respondents expect to invest £2.4bn (€2.8bn) early-stage SaaS startups by the end of the year.
The projected recovery follows stagnant investment activity in Q2 2023. Specifically, 25% of VCs chose not to issue new term sheets despite having sufficient capital available. UK funds issued an average of three terms sheets, while their European counterparts came at an average of two. Overall, only 4% of all portfolio companies received externally-led term sheets.
In addition, two in five VCs believe valuations will fall further in 2023, with a quarter predicting a 20% or higher drop. But, in total, respondents reported that they expect more investor-friendly terms.
Nevertheless, there is cause for optimism in the second half of the year. The aVC index found that Q2 already showed an increase in the number of companies within investors’ active pipelines.
The index’s Q2 score reached 54 — with a rating below 50 indicating a contraction in the market and a rating at 50 indicating no market change. For Series A, in particular, the index was 57.1, pointing to higher funding activity in this stage.
Meanwhile, the VCs surveyed reported they have significant capital reserves, with two-thirds of the funds dedicated to new investments and the remaining one-third intended for follow-on investments.
“The funding market now appears to have bifurcated. Some companies are attracting 2021 levels of interest — whether because they are in super hot sectors (including gen AI and climate tech), or because there is strong investor demand and a limited supply of exceptional companies,” said Robert Whitby-Smith, Partner at AlbionVC.
“While such deals are still an exception there is a feeling among VCs that the tide is turning and an expansion in the aVC index at Series A confirms this.”
A car-sized spacecraft is falling down to Earth — but there’s a plan to catch it.
Aeolus, the first satellite to directly observe wind profiles from space, is almost out of fuel. Earth’s atmosphere and gravity are now dragging the 1360-kg craft down to our planet at increasing speed.
In the original plan, Aelous was expected to fall naturally back to Earth. But the European Space Agency (ESA) has proposed another idea: an assisted re-entry — the first of its kind.
Data from Aeolus was used by meteorology centres to improve weather forecasts. Credit: ESA
To reduce the threat of space junk, rockets and satellites are designed to safely reenter Earth’s atmosphere once their missions end.
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The rapid descent generates so much heat and friction that smaller objects often disintegrate in the sky — but larger bodies can stay intact. To reduce the risks to human life, these entities need to safely land in uninhabited regions.
Under current regulations, spacecraft must either burn up entirely or undergo a controlled reentry. But Aeolus was designed before these rules were made.
Credit: ESAAeolus is currently falling at around 1km a day, but it will rapidly accelerate. Credit: ESA
The Aeolus mission was planned in the late 1990s, when there were no guidelines about reentries. At the time, Aeolus was designed to fall on an area of Earth that would be quite random.
To comply with today’s requirements, ESA changed the plan. Mission control will now use the satellite’s last drops of fuel to bring the satellite back to Earth.
“This assisted reentry attempt goes above and beyond safety regulations for the mission, which was planned and designed in the late 1990s,” said Tim Flohrer, head of ESA’s Space Debris Office, in a blog post.
“Once ESA and industrial partners found that it might be possible to further reduce the already minimal risk to life or infrastructure even further, the wheels were set in motion. Should all go to plan, Aeolus would be in line with current safety regulations for missions being designed today.”
In 2019, ESA performed a ‘collision avoidance manoeuvre’ to protect Aeolus from colliding with a satellite in SpaceX’s Starlink constellation. Credit: ESA
Aeolus will first naturally descend from its operational altitude of 320km to a lower orbit. When it reaches an altitude of 280km — a process that can take weeks — ESA will attempt the first re-entry manoeuvres.
A sequence of moves will then bring the satellite down to 150km above Earth. The final, critical commands will guide the satellite to an altitude of 80km, where most of the satellite will burn up in the atmosphere. Some debris, however, may still make it to our planet’s surface.
To avert the extremely remote risk that debris poses to life, ESA is targeting the reentry at a vast expanse of ocean far away from land.
If the manoeuvres are successful, ESA expects to complete the journey in late July or early August. However, as a first-ever attempt at an assisted reentry, it’s not guaranteed to work. If the plan has to be aborted, Aeolus’ natural descent will continue.
But if the mission is accomplished, it will set a new standard for satellite reentry and space junk mitigation.
Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’ll probably know that ebike darling VanMoof is facing bankruptcy.
Obviously, this isn’t good news for VanMoof riders, who could be locked out of their own bikes which largely rely on a unique software app created by the Dutch company.
But fear not VanMoofers, Belgian ebike rival Cowboy has released an app to keep you on the road. ‘Bikey’ enables VanMoof riders to generate and save their own unique digital key in case VanMoof’s servers go offline.
The app is now live on the Apple app store in beta, but will be available for Android soon, said the company. The app currently works with the popular S3 and X3 ebike models, with plans to extend support for new S5 and A5 ebikes.
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“Our software team worked through the night on this and we must stress that it’s a beta so bugs may be experienced… but we wanted to get this shipped ASAP because it will only work while the VanMoof servers are still live,” a spokesperson from Cowboy told TNW.
Without the key, VanMoof owners would essentially lose total access to most of the functionalities of their ebikes, which can cost in the region of €3000.
While the move is a touch audacious, Cowboy’s spokesperson insists that “this is about keeping bikes on the road, which is our no.1 mission as a company, regardless of whether the bikes are made by a competitor or not.”
“People rely on their ebikes for their livelihoods,” the spokesperson added.
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As EVs surge into the mainstream, industry and consumers alike are looking for quicker and easier ways to charge. While advancements in battery technology promise the former, Dutch startup Rocsys believes automation will help make charging a whole lot more efficient.
Rocsys has created a robotic arm guided by AI-powered computer vision technology that can convert any charger into an autonomous one. Once you pull up in your EV, the robot’s ‘eyes’ locate the vehicle, move the plug toward the socket, and charging begins. The robot essentially replaces the human hand.
This makes the charging process easier for drivers but also caters to the next generation of vehicles that don’t have a driver at all. As Crijn Bouman, co-founder and CEO, puts it: “Why should a self-driving car need a human babysitter to charge?”
Chasmic wealth gaps, soaring crime rates, exorbitant living costs, and horrifying homelessness… no wonder everyone dreams of being “the next Silicon Valley.”
The latest bearer of the nickname is Cambridge, England. Under new government plans, billions of euros will be poured into new houses, business parks, laboratories, and science hubs in the city. The investment reportedly aims to create “the Silicon Valley of Europe.”
The city joins a growing list of places to earn the tired tagline. It’s a particularly prevalent desire in Europe, where half the continent seems to have earned the ambitious epithet. Here are six leading contenders for the title.
1. The UK
British politicians have long aspired to replicate the Bay Area’s magic formula. In January, Chancellor Jeremy Hunt made yet another proposal to make the UK the “next Silicon Valley.”
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“If anyone is thinking of starting or investing in an innovation or technology-centred business, I want them to do it in the UK,” said Hunt.
His vision combines lower taxes and post-Brexit regulations with the country’s established strengths in tech, science, and financial services. Critics have proven sceptical about the lofty ambitions.
2. Danish islands
Is this the next Silicon Valley?
In 2019, Danish politicians unveiled plans to build nine artificial islands south of Copenhagen. Dubbed Holmene, the project aims to create a futuristic tech zone.
“I think this could become a sort of European Silicon Valley,” Brian Mikkelsen, the head of the Danish chamber of commerce, told TV2 television.
The first plots of land were expected to go on sale in 2028. The entire project was slated for completion by 2040.
3. Ireland
Ireland’s tax regime and IT talent have attracted many tech giants to make the emerald isle their European home.
The country also uniquely combines EU and Eurozone membership with strong links to the US and UK — an enticing package for global corporations. Such allures clearly caught the eye of Brian Halligan, the co-founder of Hubspot.
“Ireland has the chance to be the Silicon Valley of Europe, for sure,” Halligan told Silicon Republic in 2018.
4. Plateau de Saclay, France
The French government has poured cash into an emerging tech hub in Plateau de Saclay, a research and business cluster in the south of Paris.Launched by former president Nicolas Sarkozy, the district mingles tech firms with higher education institutes.
“Saclay is a home to excellence unique in France and could become a French Silicon Valley,” said Christian Blanc, the minister leading the project, back in 2009.
The progress since then has been bumpy. While successful companies and research have emerged, the region has been beset by problems with housing and accessibility.
5. The Nordic-Baltic region
Can teamwork makes the Silicon Valley dream work?
Our newest entry to the list combines Nordic and Baltic states. In May, Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas unveiled plans to merge the countries into a tech superpower.
“We are too small to go alone, but the Nordic-Baltic region together has a population of 33 million and generates around 2% of global GDP,” saidKallas. “By working smartly together, we can develop a private equity and venture capital ecosystem which is both sizeable and agile, and thus attractive to large investors in third markets.
“Putting assets together could also create more sizeable tickets from large institutional players. In other words, instead of competing, we can build a new Silicon Valley — let’s call it the New Nordic Tech Valley.”
6. Berlin, Germany
Berlin’s steady stream of skilled labour, EU membership, and (relatively) low living costs have frequently sparked hopeful comparisons to Silicon Valley.
The city’s IT sector is best known for thriving startups, but tech giants have also been drawn to the “poor but sexy” German capital.
“There is no other city like Berlin where the spirit of pioneering and innovation is so strong,” said Christian Illek, Microsoft’s then-general manager for Germany, in 2014. “If we succeed in implementing the ideas of startups into successful business models, Berlin will become Europe’s Silicon Valley.”
As this list shows, various contenders for that title have emerged in the intervening years. None of them has fulfilled the promise yet, but at least they’ve found a catchy marketing slogan.
Dutch ebike startup VanMoof has paused sales of its bikes and all accessories for almost two weeks now, stoking rumours that the business is in financial difficulty.
Since June 29, visitors to VanMoof’s website have been met with a pop-up explaining that the company has paused orders to catch up with current demand.
“We have temporarily paused sales to catch up on the production and delivery of existing orders. Rest assured – this has no effect on servicing,” says the notification.
But, according to TechCrunch, which cited “multiple sources,” VanMoof might be running out of cash, despite being one of the world’s most-funded ebike businesses.
Several senior staff members at VanMoof, including its CEO, president, and a co-founder, have reportedly left the business, the sources told TechCrunch.
Heated discussions have erupted on social media like Reddit and Twitter as to whether the company is on the verge of bankruptcy. So far, the ebike maker has remained tight-lipped.
Has VanMoof gone bust? Maybe.
The store has been down for 5 days due to “unscheduled maintenance”. Booking a repair says they have no parts.
Now a notice says “sales on pause” so they catch up on production – this from the company famous for using preorders as working capital. pic.twitter.com/ydAWd7ejRl
This wouldn’t be the first time VanMoof has found itself in financial trouble. The company suffered a loss of €78mn in 2022, requiring a new capital injection from investors. In 2023, it asked investors for more money (between €10-40mn), but, according to Pitchbook data, only secured a little over €5mn.
VanMoof is now working on securing a bridge round that will help it stay afloat, the sources told TechCrunch.
Even if the ebike producer does secure new funds, that could just delay the inevitable. Dutch financial publication FD noted, in January, that the accounts showed VanMoof was actually losing money on each of its bikes, due to the cost of repair.
The company’s premium ebikes are highly customised. Until recently, VanMoof did not supply parts to bicycle repair shops, leaving customers dependent on VanMoof’s own repair service. This has led to logistical headaches and long lead times.
A scan of social media unearths hundreds of customers complaining about long lead times for their VanMoof orders. Credit: Pierre Orsander
Judging by the number of outraged customers taking to social media, some of whom claim to have been waiting over six months for their bike to be delivered or even just repaired, it seems VanMoof might be too popular for its own good.
At this point, it’s easy to speculate what could have led to the drastic decision to pause sales at the height of summer — peak season for bike sales. I guess, for now, we’ll have to sit tight and wait to hear it from the horse’s mouth.
VanMoof did not immediately respond to our request for comment.
One of the best ways to make buildings greener is to cover them with solar panels — turning homes, offices, and factories into clean energy generators.
Rooftop solar is particularly popular in the Netherlands because, well, it’s a tiny country with lots of people, where every square inch counts. Adding solar panels to the empty exterior of a building, rather than occupying swathes of countryside, simply makes sense.
Rooftop makes up the largest number of solar installations in the EU, and demand is skyrocketing. But, while solar panels will be an increasingly common feature of architecture going forward, for some they are an eyesore.
However, as the market booms, an emerging cohort of Dutch startups is specialising in solar roofs and facades that not only look awesome, but do the energy-generating bit too.
“The sun sees solar modules, we see art,” says Jeroen Boumans, architect at Eindhoven University spin-off ZigZagSolar. The startup has designed a corrugated facade for buildings that it claims harnesses twice as much energy as a standard flat solar wall, and 25% more than a solar roof. Its installations look more like a mural than anything else.
ZigZagSolar uses a corrugated design to maximise sun exposure. It allows allows the incorporation of some impressive murals. Credit: ZigZagSolar
“Regular blue and black PV cells are not that attractive,” says architect Ajax Abreu Garcia of UNStudio. In 2017, the architectural practice founded Solar Visuals, to bring full colour, durable print panels to the market. “These facades generate electricity, but they are also beautiful,” says Garcia.
The Solar Visuals product consists of four layers: a constructive back, a layer with PV cells, then a print, and finally a glass plate.
Solar Visuals creates colourful solar panels for building facades. Credit: Solar VisualsThe panels work the same way as conventional ones, but look way cooler. Credit: Solar Visuals
Kameloen Solar, based in the small city of Roosendaal, adds colour to solar panels using its patented ColourBlast technology.
“We now have a colour library with about four thousand possibilities,” says Guust Verpaalen, the owner of Kameleon Solar. “If people say to us: we want terracotta, then we ask: what colour?”
Kameleon’s ColourBlast tech was used to create this solar facade on Soltech’s new factory in Genk, Belgium, which illustrates the hsitory of the site. Credit: Kameleon
Many of these artistic twists on solar tech fall under what’s known as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). In simple terms, this is when solar panels are integrated into the building itself, not mounted on it.
A pioneer in this regard is Solarix, whose panels were used to create what is slated to be the first building in the world to be equipped with a solar facade — the headquarters of engineering firm Kuijpers in Helmond, completed in 2018 (check the featured image).
While Solarix is focusing on facades, Dutch scale-up Exasun is one of many companies now providing built-in rooftop solar panels that are almost invisible to the naked eye. Its X-Roof system is used as a replacement for or in combination with ceramic roof tiles.
Exasun’s solar panels are almost indistinguishable from the surrounding roof. Credit: Exasun
In a way, integrating solar panels into the built environment is symbolic of how embedded this technology is becoming in modern architecture and design.
The future is bright
The Dutch government recently announced it is ringfencing up to €412mn in funding for next-generation solar technologies, including solar facades, solar glass, and BIPV.
The capital will be directed to SolarNL, a consortium that looks to nurture the growth of solar PV manufacturing in the Netherlands and Europe. Many of the startups we’ve just mentioned are part of this consortium.
Those who aren’t ought not to worry though. The outlook for solar startups is looking bright regardless. Total investment in European solar startups is up 398% on last year, with firms receiving $6bn in backing by the end of May 2023. This compares to $1.2bn raised by the same point in 2022, says research by distributor Avnet Abacus.
As cash pours into solar tech, there’s never been a better time for startups to explore ways to harness the power of the sun in style.
Early this morning, Meta’s new Twitter rival, Threads, hit 100 million sign-ups, less than a week after launch. This makes Threads the fastest growing online platform in history, dethroning ChatGPT, which took two months to reach the same number of users.
When Mark Zuckerberg commented (posting on Threads, naturally) on hitting 70 million users on Friday last week, he stated this was already “way beyond our expectations.” However, it is still a long way to go to the two-billion user base accessible through Instagram.
It is worth noting that the record-breaking growth is despite Threads currently being unavailable on EU app stores due to privacy concerns. Meanwhile, even within the bloc, non-Apple addicts can download the app using an Android package kit, or APK. (UK iPhone users, download at will.)
Some major organisations such as French media outlets Le Monde and Agence France-Presse have reportedly found ways to circumvent geographical challenges to signing up, as have, ahem, we.
The rivalry thus far: cage fights and trade secrets
Naturally, the launch of the new microblogging app from the people who brought us Facebook did not go by without protests from camp Elon. Apart from the cage match challenge (which we are all not-so-secretly hoping might still take place), Musk has threatened to sue Threads over “stealing trade secrets.”
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Meta issued a response (again, posting on Threads) saying that: “No one on the Threads engineering team is a former Twitter employee — that’s just not a thing.” However, the launch of Threads could not have been more optimally timed, coinciding with a bunch of missteps form Musk including limiting the number of tweets users could view in a day.
When Twitter (founded in 2006, for those of you who may have been too young to remember) went public in 2013, it had 200 million users. The takeover by Musk went through in October 2022, sparking some controversy, and causing the app to lose about 32 million users.
However, the latest statistics show that Twitter still has 368 million monthly active users worldwide. Furthermore, it counts 206 million monetisable daily users, with about 90% of Twitter’s revenue coming from advertising in 2022.
Of course, if Threads continues to increase user numbers at this rate, it could indeed become a serious contender for the text-based throne. Initially, there will be no ads on Threads while the company “fine-tunes” the app. However, Zuckerberg has said that once Threads is on its way to one billion users, Meta will start thinking about monetising the newest addition to its portfolio.
UK Finance, which represents more than 300 companies, has written to the chancellor, Jeremy Hunt, requesting that ministers make tech companies take responsibility for payment fraud on their platforms. Specifically, the lobby group is pointing the finger at Meta, which it claims is connected to over 60% of all push payment fraud.
An Authorised Push Payment (APP) scam, also known as bank transfer fraud, is a type of scam in which fraudsters trick individuals or businesses into authorising the transfer of funds from their bank accounts to accounts controlled by the criminals.
It typically involves social engineering techniques to deceive victims into believing that they are making legitimate payments or transfers. These include tactics such as brand impersonation, too-good-to-be-true crypto deals, online romances, overdue fines, or “relatives” asking for money.
As the victim is the one who initiates the payment, banks in most countries are reluctant to reimburse the funds. Starting in 2024, the government will require UK banks to reimburse fraud victims that have been tricked into sending money to fraudsters.
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With the new rules looming on the horizon, it is understandable that the UK finance industry is pushing for tech companies to take more responsibility for financial online crime.
UK fraud strategy to “incentivise” online scam investigation
According to a report from Outseer last year, APP scams now comprise 75% of all online banking payments fraud. Meanwhile, UK Finance claims that criminals stole £485.2mn through APPs last year alone.
Promisingly, this was down 17% from the year prior, but fears are that the recent step-change in generative AI could help turbo-charge fraudulent tactics online and make scams more sophisticated.
The UK government announced a new national fraud strategy in May this year, but stopped short of forcing tech companies to pay compensation to victims of online scams. It did impose a “duty of care” on large platforms to protect users from fraud and other negative content.
The data in the letter from UK Finance, as first reported by the Financial Times, says that platforms owned by Mark Zuckerberg’s Meta — Facebook, Facebook Marketplace, Instagram, and WhatsApp — are the locations of 61% of all APP scams.
A spokesperson for the company told the FT that it is an industry-wide issue with scammers using increasingly sophisticated methods to defraud people in a range of ways, adding that Meta was working with the police to support their investigations.
According to the UK’s fraud strategy, tech companies must make it easy for users to report fraud on their platforms (“within a few simple clicks”). Furthermore, the strategy says it will “shine a light on which platforms are the safest, making sure that companies are properly incentivised to combat fraud.”
Depending on how the government will implement this measure, it would seem Meta has its work cut out for it. According to statistics from UK bank TSB earlier this year, when taking into account the three biggest three biggest fraud categories — purchase, impersonation, and investment fraud — as much as 80% occur on Meta’s platforms.
While many of us in Europe take it for granted, access to freshwater today, and in the future, is far from guaranteed. Demand is skyrocketing but supply is diminishing. Many of the ways in which water is used are inefficient and antiquated, and climate change is making the entire problem a lot worse.
Europe just had its most severe drought in 500 years. Industries are being forced to shut down or divert water from other sources to maintain operations, while protests have broken out over shortages, most recently in France and Spain. Experts predict that global freshwater demand will outstrip supply by 40% by the end of this decade.
Water technologies — from pulling water from thin air to transforming saltwater into fresh, and everything in between — will be critical in helping industry and society adapt to this new reality.
Unfortunately, water tech still receives a small fraction of the total climate tech funding. Out of some €50bn invested in climate tech globally in 2021, just €430m — less than 1% — was allocatedfor water tech.
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The good news? There is an emerging cohort of tech startups working to prevent the impending water crisis, and investors are beginning to catch on.
Doing more with less
From source to treatment to tap – a lot of money, energy, and resources go into supplying the water we use each day. Shockingly, up to half of this water is lost due to leaky pipes. Another big chunk is lost due to inefficient use, and in most countries, water is never reused. But as water scarcity increases, so does the need to start doing more with less.
One company catering to an up-and-coming segment of water-conscious homeowners is Sweden-based Orbital Systems. The startup, which has raised€65m to date, has developed a shower system inspired by NASA that reuses water in a closed loop. But don’t worry, the shower is equipped with sensors that detect urine or other unsavoury liquids, which get filtered out before the water is reused — thank god.
The company claims its “shower of the future” saves 90% of water and 80% of energy compared to a regular unit. While the systems aren’t cheap — at $4k (€3,680) a pop — Orbital says that homeowners could save $1,100 (€1,011) per year in water bills.
Orbital Systems’ ‘shower of the future’ can cut water consumption by 90% compared to a regular shower. Credit: Orbital Systems
But you don’t necessarily need hardware to cut water use. Belgium-based startup Shayp’s AI-powered software can detect whether a building is leaky and find the most likely source. Data from the building’s existing water metres gets pulled into the Shayp platform and then AI automatically classifies leaks in order of importance.
Buildings, which are some of the EU’s biggest water users, sign a five-year SaaS contract with Shayp, pay 5% of their water bill and in return, reduce their water consumption by 20% on average. “Buildings can significantly reduce their usage and make huge water and cost savings simply through optimisation – no new infrastructure is required,” says CEO Alexandre McCormack.
Shayp is one of many emerging startups harnessing the power of data to help industry and society manage water more sustainably.
Liquid data
Agriculture accounts for around 70% of all freshwater withdrawals globally, a whopping 60% of which is wasted due to inefficient irrigation and planting methods.
Higher resolution data can go a long way in helping farmers optimise their water consumption and free up more water for other critical uses. Constellr, a spin-off from Germany’s Fraunhofer Institute, raised $10mn in seed funding in November to do just that.
Constellr’s tech comprises a fleet of microsatellites equipped with thermal and hyperspectral imaging instruments that gather high-resolution land surface temperature data on a daily basis. The data is used to compile heat maps that illustrate crop stress and water availability at a sub-field level, helping farmers predict a drought ahead of time, or adjust their irrigation regimes based on water availability.
Constellr launched its first satellite into space last year. Within the next five years, it aims to save 60 billion litres of water while generating “billions” in gross profits for farmers.
Constellr’s micro-satellites monitor water availability and crop stress from space, helping the world’s most water-intensive industry reduce its impact. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory
While Constellr is helping farmers adapt to a lack of water, further north is a startup tapping AI to help businesses and governments deal with too much of it.
Founded in 2020 by a team of Norwegian data scientists and geologists, 7Analytics helps municipalities and businesses better predict flooding — a problem which causes tens of billions of euros in damages each year in Europe alone.
“Our platform can tell you if a flood will occur in your area of interest and issue alerts 72 hours in advance so you can take all the necessary actions to protect employees and assets,” CCO and co-founder Jonas Aas Torland, told TNW in an interview.
Finding new sources
Earlier this year, Elon Musk pronounced water scarcity a “non-issue” because the “world is 70% water” and “desalination is absurdly cheap.”
It’s concerning @elonmusk on @billmaher thinks “there’s plenty of water”, desalination will fix everything. To replace river basin inflows from glacial loss we’ll need ~50x more desal globally, and then in most cases have to pump it 1000+ miles inland: pic.twitter.com/1XFjuswXqa
Yes, Elon, the world is covered in water, but only 0.3% of it is suitable for use. And as for desalination being absurdly cheap? Not so much. Turning saltwater into fresh remains significantly more expensive than sourcing it straight from a river, lake, or under the ground. What the Tesla boss also failed to mention is that desalination is extremely energy intensive, with most plants today being fossil-fuelled.
Luckily, hot countries get a lot of sun and the price of solar power is plummeting, which has given rise to a segment of startups pushing cleaner and cheaper alternatives.
Desolenator, hailing from the Netherlands, has been working on this kind of tech for almost 10 years. Desolenator’s system uses a ‘hybrid’ type of solar panel which is a combination of regular PV and solar thermal technology slated to be four times more efficient than regular panels — bringing down the cost of the final product: fresh water.
Around 300 million people already rely on desalinated water, but the process is capital intensive and mainly fossil-fueled. Solar power could provide a clean alternative.
Desolenator launched its first fully operational solar thermal desalination plant in Dubai last year. The system has a capacity of 20,000 litres per day and can produce potable water at less than $0.02 per litre — and these costs are expected to go down as the technology scales up.
Another option, especially for remote communities, is extracting water from the air — also known as atmospheric water generation (AWG). Records of AWG date back to the Incan empire, which used so-called ‘fog fences’ to capture moisture from the clouds that flow over the Andes Mountains.
Aquaseek, a spin-off from Italy’s Politecnico di Torino and Princeton University, is hard at work bringing a modern touch to this old-school technology. The startup has developed a prototype AWG machine that captures moisture from the air even at very low levels of humidity, like in the desert.
Thanks to two exclusive patents (one held 100% by the Politecnico di Torino, the other shared equally with Princeton University), the machine can extract moisture while consuming much less energy than technologies currently in use.
Fog collection in Alto Patache, Atacama Desert, Chile. Startups are now putting a modern twist on this old-school technology in order to bring freshwater to some of the driest regions on earth. Credit: Nicole Saffie/Wikicommons
Capital flows
Mobilising private investment in this nascent water tech ecosystem will be crucial if we are to bring these solutions into the mainstream. But there are still a number of hurdles to overcome.
“Backing startups with innovations for the so-called ‘water industry’ — meaning drinking water and wastewater utilities — has simply not been an actionable area of investment for VCs,” John Robinson, partner Mazarine, a technology VC specialising in water risk, tells TNW from his office in London.
This is partly to do with the fact that water sold by drinking water utilities, unlike energy, is cheap (for now), and is largely seen as a public good rather than an investment opportunity. Moreover, drinking water is typically managed by public utilities who, says Robinson, “lack an appetite for innovation.”
To get the attention of VC cheque books, Robinson suggests water tech startups broaden their horizons and forge a way in industries where water quality and quantity challenges are a headache, or an operational, regulatory, or branding risk.
While water tech investment is still nowhere near the level it needs to be at, there are glimmers of hope. More and more startups are entering the space, and investment rounds are on the rise. European VCs invested €275m into water tech startups in 2022, up from $135m in 2021.
Water tech-focused funds in Europe, such as Amsterdam-based PuraTerra and Switzerland’s Emerald Technology Ventures are closing bigger and bigger rounds, while across the Atlantic, US-based startup Gradiant became the first-ever water tech startup to reach unicorn status last month after a $225m raise.
Gradiant was co-founded by two MIT graduates, Anurag Bajpayee and Prakash Govindan, who have secured no less than 250 patents for their technology, which allows customers to purify and reuse large amounts of water. The startup is tackling all verticals of water treatment — from sewage to toxic chemicals and has already secured big-name clients including chipmakers TSMC and Micron, and carmakers Hyundai and BMW.
“As global manufacturing and supply chains continue to advance, they demand more and more water resources which are increasingly rare and finite,” said John Arnold, Founder of Centaurus Capital, who co-led the record-breaking round alongside BoltRock Holdings.
Back in Europe, things are a little bit more sluggish. Water tech startups on the continent have lower valuations than their US counterparts, and the EU has ringfenced little funding for water technologies, unlike the US with its landmark Inflation Reduction Act.
“Investors are still cautious of betting on water startups,” Gaetane Suzenet, head of the European Water Tech Accelerator, tells TNW. One of the biggest barriers, says Suzenet, is the lack of major exits, which would give investors the confidence to commit.
Five companies have entered the accelerator since it started in 2020. The programme aims to expand this pool to between 25 to 40 companies and make them “European champions.”
“We want to make innovation the norm, explore new financing models, and encourage successful exits to show other startups and investors that water tech is a viable opportunity,” Suzenet says.
Accelerators like this are a step in the right direction but will be a drop in the ocean without increased government support and a change in perspective from the investment community.
While cash for water tech has historically been more of a trickle than a flood, as Europe braces for yet another drought this summer, there has never been a better time for VCs to participate in the growth stories of early-stage water tech companies.
“It’s about looking at the water in a different way,” says Robinson. “Water tech is not just about making utilities more efficient, it’s about preparing industry and society for water-related risks as a result of our new climate reality.”