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star-wars:-fate-of-the-old-republic-announced-as-a-kotor-spiritual-successor

Star Wars: Fate of the Old Republic announced as a KOTOR spiritual successor

Over two decades after the release of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II, a new project described as a “spiritual successor” to that seminal RPG series was announced at The Game Awards Thursday night. Star Wars: Fate of the Old Republic will be a collaboration between Lucasfilm Games and Arcanaut Studios, a new development house being launched by original KOTOR director Casey Hudson.

Hudson, who will serve as director on the new game, said in an interview with StarWars.com that he has remained in contact with Lucasfilm since the KOTOR days, in the hopes of being able to collaborate in the Star Wars universe again. “It took the right conditions to get everything to line up,” he told the site.

Calling KOTOR “one of the defining experiences of my career,” Hudson said he wants to “explore a contemporary vision” of the Star Wars universe and “deliver on the combination of player agency and immersion in Star Wars” that defined the original games. As director on the upcoming game, Hudson said he sees his role as “to gather and shape a cohesive vision that the entire team contributes to. Ensuring that everyone shares that vision and understands their part in creating it is critical to the success of a project.”

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monthly-roundup-#37:-december-2026

Monthly Roundup #37: December 2026

I’m doing the Monthly Roundup early this month so that next week can be GPT-5.2 and affordability of life week, assuming we are not overtaken by other events.

The risk-reward profile of creating highly dangerous new viruses, supposedly in order to study them, is abysmal even when things are handled properly.

Also, the actual practice of it is completely utterly insane.

This below is the kind of thing that could very easily cause a global pandemic vastly worse than Covid, or even end civilization, and it was done in a BSL-2 laboratory, and no one has been arrested for it.

People need to be arrested for this. Ideally heads need to end up on pikes until it stops.

Maarten De Cock: A new 🇨🇳 gain of function study created chimeric coronaviruses that can infect human cells and kill mice (up to 100% mortality).

🚩”The viral infection [and all animal experiments] were performed in a BSL-2 laboratory”(!)🤦‍♂️

*The authors thank a.o. Ben Hu & Zheng-Li Shi.

At current margins, zoning restrictions on home-based businesses are terrible and make everything worse. There of course have to be some rules and limits, and occasionally one might even need to enforce them, but we can and should be dramatically more chill.

All the modern buildings and living spaces have no character, even expensive ones, as everything converges on a single largely white aesthetic. A lot of people realize that the old look of ‘having character’ was better, but no one ends up doing it, even when there is the ability to pay more.

This level of having no idea what prices do seems to be very common. Also very common is that someone finds out and then refuses to understand:

Pamela Hobart: I graduated with high honors from an affluent, acclaimed high school and then again with high honors with a BA in philosophy & pre-law before EVER once hearing the idea that prices convey information and coordinate actors.

I’ll never forget rolling up to a philosophy conference in Pasadena in 2008 and wandering into a session on “price gouging” and the pro-”price gougers” introduced this concept.

Possibly the single most transformative moment of my entire education.

like I didn’t even grow up in a particularly liberal enclave or anything either, most parents were garden variety Republicans as were the teachers I imagine.

CEOs are using the assassination of the CEO of United Healthcare to argue for higher pay in light of job risks and need for security, and many of them are getting it. As well they should, I know my happy price to be CEO of a major corporation went up that day.

Kelsey Piper recalls the story of James Damore, and the attempts to have him blacklisted after he was fired from Google. The events are also described in this podcast by her boss at the time, Harj Taggar, who resisted the calls to blacklist him. Yeah, things were like that back then.

I fully agree with David Manheim here, in general, that condemnations are almost always at most supererogatory.

David Manheim: I will again state my view that condemning bad things is great, but condemning others for failing to condemn bad things, (much less boycotting them and similar glorious loyalty oath crusades,) is building toxic community incentives and attempting to force conformity.

Partly this is because life beckons and we have better things to do with our time than constantly condemn everything bad. But it’s more than that.

Often condemning a bad thing only gives it oxygen, and also gives oxygen to additional demands to condemn things that are decreasingly bad until you finally draw the line, and you are now seen as endorsing, condoning or even ‘platforming’ anything you didn’t sufficiently condemn and punish. At which point you become blameworthy, no matter what you did. Don’t accept the jurisdiction of that court.

Videos from the Roots of Progress Conference.

Polymarket participant AlphaRaccoon once again exploits insider information (presumably), as is legal and allowed on Polymarket, and makes over a million dollars betting on the Google search markets, after profiting on the release date of Gemini 3.

This post has good advice on gift giving.

The central point on such guides is that you need to know why they haven’t gotten the gift for themselves despite it providing value when you give it to them, and the more good reasons for that the better.

Activation energy, trivial inconveniences, choices are bad, lack of in-context knowledge or taste, lack of access, guilt over spending, too much audacity or cringe if they bought it for themselves, shared experiences, symbolic meaning and yes liquidity and solvency constraints are all good reasons. Stack them on top of each other.

I strongly agree with the statement below, and it a statement that positively updates me on the person making it, also see this proposal from IFP.

Fidji Simo (OpenAI CEO of Products): We need the equivalent of the 20th-century clean water revolution, except for clean indoor air.

People with post-infectious chronic illnesses have known for a while how insane it is that, as a society, we continue to find it perfectly acceptable to breathe air full of viruses that can completely destroy our lives years later and that our schools are virus factories.

With more horrible conditions being attributed to viruses earlier in life, I hope that perceptions will finally change, and that contaminated air will soon feel as unacceptable as contaminated water.

Avital Balwit writes the advice he would give on a mentorship call to college students.

Zohran Mamdani, New York City’s next major, plans to make it so you don’t have to fill out 24 forms and go through 7 agencies to start a barber shop? As I’ve thought for a while, we have no idea what Mamdani will actually do as mayor. Things like this can make up for a lot of stupid symbolic stuff.

Cate Hall once again reminds us that You Can Just Do Things, this time in an interview with Clara Collier.

The public is reasonably good at estimating which traits are how heritable, r^2 is something like 0.35-0.4 even if you exclude eye color and blood group, and if you assume the literature is always right and the laypeople are wrong, which I would not be so quick to assume, especially for the big gaps: sexual orientation and obesity.

Oliver Habryka offers a beginner’s guide, as in basic explanations for why exiting in paranoia-inducing epistemic situations drives people crazy and towards making seemingly crazy decisions. Oliver’s thesis is that the world has gotten more paranoia-requiring and epistemically hostile, and that this often overwhelms the value of us having better information and other resources, often leading to worse decisions.

He starts by going over how lemon markets work, and points out that in the real world we always have not only a potential lemon problem but also a potential lemon problem among the identifiers of the lemons, and so on. Whatever system you are relying upon there are those looking to exploit it.

Well, maybe. That’s true for a sufficiently collective value of ‘you,’ or if you alone are a sufficiently important target. In many cases, this doesn’t apply, and it isn’t true.

In other cases you can do a pretty good job identifying non-suspicious counterparties, or you can engage in enough iterated games, such that you can solve such worries.

The reason used cars in particular are such an issue is that not only is it traditionally hard to detect lemons, there is also little recourse or consequence to selling a lemon, and also there is a baseline cultural expectation that a ‘used car salesman’ will be slimy, so them being suspicious or having somewhat of a sketchy reputation doesn’t mean you can obviously bail on them.

(We now actually have made substantial progress in the used car lemon problem, with inspections that come with warranties, longer test drive periods, online marketplaces, certifications that have long term reputations to maintain and the rise of history trackers like Carfax and AutoCheck.)

The next point Oliver makes, about OODA loops, is key, although I’d frame it differently. Oliver presents it as, if the enemy can ‘get inside your OODA loop,’ meaning act on you before you can observe, orient, decide and act, then you’re screwed, because you never actually get to act in an appropriate way. This is a good illustration but feels too general.

It’s more a question of, can you handle the epistemic environment in which you have been placed without taking generally paranoid or drastic measures?

Consider a poker game. If you’re up against an inferior player, or one of similar caliber, then there is a lot of room to make interesting moves, and try to use the information they are giving off, and to give off intentionally misleading information, both with game actions and otherwise. You can always make what you think is the ‘best’ play based on the situation, and ideally only randomize in true edge cases.

If you’re up against a sufficiently superior player, that won’t work. They anticipate what you are thinking, they adopt faster than you do, they are giving off actively misleading signals and figuring out yours.

You need to retreat to your best approximation of game theory optimal play and randomize your moves while ignoring your reads, combining Oliver’s strategies.

Which are:

Oliver Habryka: There are lots of different ways people react to adversarial information environments like this, but at a high level, my sense is there are roughly three big strategies:

  • You blind yourself to information

  • You try to eliminate the sources of the deception

  • You try to become unpredictable

All three of those produce pretty insane-looking behavior from the outside, yet I think are by-and-large an appropriate response to adversarial environments (if far from optimal).

Blinding yourself to information is an extreme response that only makes sense when you are sufficiently outgunned. One good reason to be outgunned is that others might be putting way more effort in than you can or would want to put in.

When sources around you are willing to lie or otherwise untrustworthy, that does not mean you should ignore them, even if they are clearly lying to you to try and trick you.

Oliver gives the example of the CDC during Covid, where they were saying things like ‘masks don’t work.’ This is indeed valuable information about the CDC and also the current world state, if you understand how to process it and not fall into the trap of interpreting it as ‘oh, masks don’t work.’

This goes back to Simulacra Levels.

The CDC and Fauci were operating at Simulacra Level 2. As in, they would tell you [X] so that you would believe [X] and then act accordingly and do [Y]. They didn’t care if [X] was true or false, they cared that they thought [Y] was good for public health.

Once you identify that this is what the CDC and Fauci are doing, you can properly interpret their statements. They say ‘[X] is true’ and you hear ‘we think it would be good for public health if you did [Y].’

You can do similar things when you figure out people are on Level 3 or Level 4.

I also think the stories on professional advice, official numbers and admissible evidence, Oliver’s examples of rules limiting information flow, are more complicated, but I won’t get into that here.

Strategy two is to purge the untrustworthy. This seems purely good. Even if you are in a mostly non-paranoid mode, and can mostly trust everyone, how do you keep it that way? By punishing and if needed exiling anyone who is not trustworthy, which includes you being insufficiently able to trust that they are trustworthy. That’s how trustworthiness works.

A variation of purging, or asking which sources are unreliable, is to determine which sources are adversarial. A source can be unreliable without being adversarial, or it can be adversarial without being unreliable. Ideally you’d avoid me if I was either of these.

Strategy three is to become unpredictable and vindictive.

You can combine these strategies, and you can also use either one on their own.

To a large extent ‘be unpredictable and vindictive’ is about creating maximally strong incentives. If you’re going down this strategy, you want maximum distinction between reward and punishment, and to always make people uncertain where they stand and worried or hopeful you might flip from one to the other, ideally with fear of massive overreactions. It can definitely work.

Paranoia is one good reason to do this, as it makes people scared to cross you, but it also is a valid strategy for anyone with enough power even without paranoia.

And again, you can split the two halves and do either without the other.

Richard Ngo suggests an additional strategy, that the wise trader uses, which is to have wide bid-ask spreads, and being conservative in taking actions that might reward or get punished by deception.

Thus we have six strategies.

We have Oliver’s three, the last of which is split in two, we have Richard’s, and then we have Git Gud, be able to parse the information properly and get good use out of it, and you can do any combination of the six.

Tyler Cowen list of best nonfiction books of the year.

The only one I have read is Open Socrates by Agnes Callard, which I affirm was excellent and I’m sad I did not finish my book review. I might attempt it again at a later time, it is even now on top of my ‘when I have time’ stack, although it will suffer from my loss of memory. I’ll be largely relying on what I chose to highlight. Still seems worth it? So much to enjoy disagreeing with in that book.

I am on the fence on whether I should be reading and reviewing more nonfiction books, versus other uses of time.

Tyler Cowen picks his best fiction of 2025, as a person whose best-of book lists are much bigger than how many books I read at all. I hadn’t even heard of any of these. Balle is included and appears to be a time travel story, which I’m usually down for, but I can wait and see if people like where it goes.

How many fiction books did I read in 2025 other than when reading to my kids? One, This Is How You Lose The Time War, which I read on a plane and can recommend as ‘a good book.’ I owe Seth Burn that I will read Dungeon Crawler next. Fiction is one of the things my revealed preferences don’t find the time for. I wonder if that is a mistake, as the upside of a really good book can be very high.

I’d also love to learn how to write fiction, although I’m most attracted to the idea of a screenplay? Every time I try to actually write fiction I feel like an imposter, nothing seems right or good enough, I end up not writing anything. Yet I often have very particular opinions about creative works.

I will be doing a Movies of 2025 post, either later this year or early in 2026, once I’ve had opportunity to watch the end-of-year movies. This was the year of pain, and the year of anticorrelation with critics.

The Pope waxes poetic about the magic of movies. No disagreements but also we need to see him get more feisty.

Charlie XCX on what it is like to be a pop star.

Another article, this time from Slow Boring and Chris Dalla Riva, points out that copyright terms are too long and terms too restrictive. In particular, Chris blames this for a lot of our cultural stagnation, as there are constant pushes to reintroduce us to existing music and other IP via things like biopics.

Except, isn’t that good? What’s wrong with getting owners of song catalogues to bankroll biopics for artists like Elvis and Springsteen, which you don’t have to watch and are often pretty good and also make our music experiences better? Or to encourage sampling?

The intervention Chris pushes is expanded compulsory licensing. I agree that compulsory licensing has been great for music. I unfortunately don’t think that works the same way for television and movies, but also the copyright term is obviously way too long and due to treaties it would be difficult to shorten it.

Thus, an obvious compromise suggests itself. We can move to mandatory licensing after a reasonable period of time, something like 30 years, plus a required prominent disclaimer on all licensed visual media.

Netflix is attempting to buy Warner Brothers for $72 billion, although Paramount has now bid higher and the prediction markets think Paramount is the favorite. The market hates the deal for Netflix. It is unclear how much of that is ‘this is too high a price or a poor fit’ and how much is ‘Netflix choosing to do this reveals something is wrong.’

Lucas Shaw and Michelle Davis: California Republican Darrell Issa wrote a note to US regulators objecting to any potential Netflix deal, saying it could result in harm to consumers. Netflix has argued that one of its biggest competitors, however, is Alphabet Inc.’s YouTube, and that bundling offerings could lower prices for subscribers.

I think Netflix is right, and also this merger could be fantastic for customers, combining HBO and Netflix. Netflix has promised to allow Warner Brothers films to continue to have full theatrical releases, and for their business to continue unchanged, and I see little reason for them not to do that.

I agree with Matthew Yglesias that a lot of what Netflix is buying is the prestige television and the best way to use that is to let it do its thing on that front. On the movie front there is some reason to worry about less motivation for prestige films especially.

I have also heard the theory that if Paramount buys Warner Bros. then Paramount would pull all of both companies content from Netflix and form a competitor, so the Netflix bid is largely defensive. That’s all the more reason not to fear it.

My instinct is we want Netflix to win this fight, but if Paramount is willing to integrate Paramount+ and HBO Max into an actually functional streaming service that can surface high quality content (Paramount+ is, shall we say, not the most functional service on either surfacing high quality content or serving its basic functions) then that would also be a win.

If a Magic: The Gathering deck would be too good with perfect play, but approximately zero people can play the deck well enough to dominate with it, do we have a problem? Amulet decks in Modern are the latest to suggest this question.

In the linked discussion I think both Seth Burn and Sam Black make good points. Centrally I agree that bans are about harm reduction, which is often best served by harm prevention, with the goal of creating the best game in practice. I view harm as primarily mattering on the level of typical player experiences and health of a format in practice. I do think there’s a level at which Pro Tour level results can force your hand here anyway, but it’s on the level of ‘this deck is >50% to win if we ran the tournament back next week.’

Werewolf is a highly illustrative game (basic rules: there are [X] players in the village, [Y] of which are werewolves, each day everyone in the village including the werewolves votes to kill a player, each night the werewolves kill a player, whichever side is left at the end wins, various players get various other special powers), in that in most groups the werewolves win way more often than they ‘should’ for given values of [X] and [Y].

This happens largely because so many players effectively focus largely on their own survival rather than the survival of their team, so they become afraid to speak out or otherwise try to help the village win, and that the villager side is in various ways the harder one to play well. Whereas if the villagers are good enough at working together, getting people talking and analyzing Bayesian evidence, they can win remarkably often, including a high chance of identifying a werewolf at game start without any hard evidence. These are important lessons about the world and the ease with which a focused group can win, which was the point of the OP she is QTing here.

Liv Boeree is correct that by balancing the special roles (and also the number of werewolves) you can get the win rate for the werewolves to be whatever you want it to be for a given group of people, but people fail to understand the dynamics pointing towards the werewolves, and thus the werewolves tend to win most games in practice unless a given group is self-balancing.

Roblox is a confusingly popular platform for children’s computer games. There are more than 150 million daily active users spending 11 billion hours a month, 3 percent of the gaming space, with at one point more than 25 million users simultaneously playing the game ‘Steal a Brainrot.’ I haven’t checked that ‘game’ out but presumably based only on the title this is an indictment of our entire civilization. A quick investigation indicates it is basically a base raiding game.

Roblox is described as ‘one of the primary gathering places for preteens.’

Alas, any time something attracts kids that will mean not only hosts of abominations like ‘Steal a Brainrot.’ It also means predators, and there are 20+ associated lawsuits. Roblox pitched Kevin Roose and Hard Fork on interviewing Roblox’s CEO David Baszucki about child safety, which seems like a fine idea for all concerned, except then it got weird.

They start out talking about new safety measures, including using a facial scan and AI age estimator (that is also using various behavioral indicators) before allowing communications. The idea is yes you might fool the image filter but when you stack the evidence it gets harder and harder to hide that you’re a kid. They also use such strategies as not sharing images, aggressive text filtering and so on.

And he says essentially: Hey, better to have the kids in Roblox with these restrictions, than a place like Snapchat or Instagram or Discord where things are worse. Fair point.

That all helps, but as always if you twiddle enough you can always get through filters. As Baszucki points out at some point you’re using the fifth letter of every third word and nothing short of full generative AI analysis is going to ever cut it. Give me a text channel, give me sufficient incentive and time, and you’re cooked.

Many games respond to this by not allowing open-ended chat, period, or heavily restricting what it takes to open such a channel. When I made the Emergents TCG, I was essentially informed by our legal department that no, you are not going to let your users chat with each other, you are not allowed to do that.

Which really, really sucks. I’m totally with Baszucki that allowing communication adds a ton of value, that being social is important to the experience. I mean, look, it sure isn’t the quality of the games.

Then Roose asks about responsibility coming with scale and then the Hindenburg report on Roblox where they said they were compromising child safety to report growth to investors (which of course they were, compromises are inevitable and not obviously bad, we’re talking price here) and things keep focusing on the safety issues at the expense of everything else, at which point Baszucki gets increasingly upset and things go off the rails and complains that he’d love to also talk about things other than content filtering at some point.

Fundamentally, underneath him going on tilt, it seems like Baszucki’s core argument is that AI safety filtering is better than human filtering given how much human attention could reasonably be available. And I actually agree with that, so long as it escalates to a human when necessary.

Oh, and then Baszucki brings up Polymarket unprompted, he’s rightfully a big fan but also then he gives a flat out yes to a intended-to-be-a-joke question about putting prediction markets inside Roblox via a Dress To Impress Predictor. So that was a lot of fun. Isaac King is right that prediction markets for kids are a great idea if you can find a way to avoid them devolving into gambling, that does not make it not funny.

Seth Burn breaks down the latest game in which an NFL team would have benefited by going for 2 in order to adjust their behavior (in this case, the Eagles score a TD to go down 9 with 3: 09 to go against the Bears). To maximize the probability of winning, the Eagles need to go for 2 right away, so they can onside kick if they fail, which overrides all the ways the Bears might use the information.

That is true, but the gain in win probability is very low, whereas the amount of exciting football that is lost to the fans, in expectation, is rather high. From the perspective of the NFL or of the fans, I would want a convention that you kick the extra point here. I agree that you play to win the game, but it’s not to the exclusion of all other considerations, and the win probability difference here is very small, well under 1%. It’s fine to give some consideration to what is cool, to the fan experience, to various records, to health of players, to ‘the good of the game’ writ large and maintaining good norms.

An easy way to see this is that near the end of basketball games, there is a point at which there is a non-zero chance that the team trailing could win if they started fouling, yet there is a convention that past some point they do not try, and that this convention is obviously a good thing. Whereas in the NCAA tournament that rule goes out the window and you play to win the game, and that too is good.

University of Michigan athletics generated $266 million in revenue last year and still lost $15 million, and that’s before they were on the hook for $20 million or more in payments to student-athletes, and also before the football coach got fired and arrested.

What’s the actual business model? Sports drive alumni donations.

Geoff White: Donors gave nearly $900 million dollars to UofM in 2025. As an alum, I can state with 100% confidence those numbers would be substantially lower without athletics. The impact is far, far, far greater than $15mm, it is probably closer to $250mm. That is the real story.

Twitter made user locations public, revealing that many supposedly accounts stoking the flames of toxic discourse were not American at all. At least many of them were foreigners in it for the engagement payments.

Mostly all the ‘real’ accounts are who and where they said they were, many reported that a bunch of accounts that got exposed vanished, and mostly this was a big win. I didn’t notice a change, but I cultivate lists and block as needed so I’m not exposed to troll farms. Seems like a very good change overall.

The one problem was that the location algorithm can be a little funky in some cases.

This led to some obviously real accounts joking about being put in the wrong place (such as Liv Boeree being put in the UK or Will Eden in Japan) and also some bad faith attacks in places where the origin was obviously glitched. As always, I noted who joined in such attacks and who did not.

The rollout of the new Twitter ‘chat’ feature has been a rather unmitigated disaster and it is rather dismaying that it was allowed to go forward. It frequently didn’t work, and even when it does work the whole thing is worse than what we had before, and I don’t see any benefits.

UK Taskforce calls for radical reset of nuclear regulation in UK. I saw widespread praise for the whole of the recommendations here, and this was an opportunity to push for doing all of it, and it worked, the PM has pledged to do exactly that.

Visegrad 24: The European Parliament just voted in favor of banning social media for people under the age of 16.

483 MEPs voted in favor while 92 voted against. If it becomes law, people will likely have to use IDs to log into their profiles, making anonymous accounts impossible.

The primary effect of this is to force tracking and verification of everyone’s identify online to the maximum extent possible. Which of course they know, and is why they voted for it.

Over half the cost of hardware construction at Revoy and Charm Industrial is claimed to come from regulatory bottlenecks. The post makes good points but I note the accounting seems creative, as in ‘you delayed my project a year so you imposed a societal burden equal to the per-year benefits of the project.’ That’s a real thing you can measure, but you have to keep it in its proper context.

Tyler Cowen says an important point out loud, which is that every workable immigration policy offends liberal instincts, public opinion or both. I would argue that ultimately, no matter the path, it is both. All the options require doing something that profoundly sucks in both ways, in some combination of who is not allowed in, how we enforce who is not allowed in and how we treat those we let in.

That still leaves many free wins available to us. We are miles away from the production possibilities frontier. High skilled and high value immigration is a win for everyone across the board, or can be with compensation as needed, no matter what else we ultimately choose to do, and a lot of the things we do right now are purely destructive and cruel, and we can stop. But yes, ultimately there are contradictions.

Elon Musk used to talk about free speech.

Elon Musk: Falsely labeling non-violent people as “fascist” or “Nazi” should be treated as incitement to murder.

CNN (October 29, 2024): Trump calls Harris a fascist, says he is ‘the opposite of a Nazi.’

To guarantee objectivity I turned to Grok to ask if Elon Musk has ever done this. The answer is yes.

Zvi: has Elon Musk called any non-violent people ‘fascist’ or ‘nazis’?

Grok: Yes, Elon Musk has referred to non-violent individuals and entities as “fascists” or drawn comparisons implying “Nazi” associations on multiple occasions. Here are some key examples based on documented instances:

  • In September 2024, Musk labeled the Australian government “fascists” in response to proposed legislation that would fine social media platforms for failing to address misinformation. This was directed at the center-left government led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, who is not associated with violence.

    He doubled down on the remark after Albanese criticized it, emphasizing his opposition to the bill’s potential impact on free speech.

  • In February 2022, amid the Canadian trucker protests against COVID-19 restrictions, Musk posted (and later deleted) a meme likening Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to Adolf Hitler, implying a Nazi comparison. The meme read: “Stop comparing me to Justin Trudeau. I had a budget,” overlaid on a photo of Hitler.

    In a related post, he stated: “If Canadian government is suppressing peaceful protests, that’s where fascism lies,” indirectly calling Trudeau’s administration fascist.

    Trudeau, a non-violent political leader, was the target of these remarks.

These instances involve Musk criticizing government actions he views as authoritarian, but the individuals and groups referenced (e.g., elected officials and administrations) are not engaged in personal violence.

Zvi: would you describe these instances as ‘falsely labeling’ those people?

Grok: Yes, I would describe these instances as falsely labeling those people, as the terms “fascist” and “Nazi” (or direct comparisons to Hitler) carry specific historical and ideological connotations that do not accurately apply to the democratic governments and leaders in question. [explanation continues].

Curious.

Michael and Susan Dell donate $6.25 billion for ‘Trump accounts’ for children (out of a net worth of about $148.5 billion), giving them $250 each.

Look, no, good that he’s donating the money to kids at all, but this implementation is dumb, it doesn’t buy that much political goodwill and it isn’t a good use of the funds. This seems well behind the ‘make tuition free’ donations if you have to go this route.

Postmanbloke: House parties need to make a comeback.

Peter Wildeford: House parties exist! I met my girlfriend at a house party 2 years and 10 months ago ❤️

Allie: Guys just have house parties. No one is stopping you.

The fun thing is you do not need a house! I did this in my apartment.

I think they often also mean they don’t have a social circle to begin with.

Cartoons Hate Her!: ACTUALLY something is stopping me: nobody fucking comes!!

One problem here is irl I have zero “status” related to my career. Not that it explains nobody liking me, but people generally don’t know/care what CHH is, so I say im a writer and theyre thinking “oh, a loser”

There are a lot of people from the Internet who would come to my house party if I invited them, but I specifically do not want them there.

Ben Hsieh: ok i can finally post about my trauma trying to host events in LA where consistently 0-1 people showed and in one case the invitees did the same event just without me

honestly felt like something was wrong with me until i moved back to NYC and started getting 20+ attendees again

the actual nadir (well besides the rehosting thing) was somehow hosting a comped company happy hour where all 6 rsvpd coworkers ghosted including a designer i work with every day. honestly fuck LA never going back

shoutout to the solo attendees tho, those guys were total bros about it every time 🫡

Jake Eaton: first holiday party in LA we invited (and cooked) for 20 people; 2 showed up. once we proposed doing formalwear at mel’s diner with friends. while we tried to find a date, we saw on instagram they did it without us. i still miss it all the time though

Ben Hsieh: wow this is so validating to hear that it wasn’t just me. honestly i never felt like it was anything personal but just the unpredictable traffic and people being overly surface nice makes the flake rate insane. solidarity for hosts w/ flakey friends tho

Misha: Party Expert here: most house parties are not in fact networking events based on your prestige or legible status. They’re outgrowths of friend groups, chance meetings, and public/semi-public events.

There IS an unfortunate sort of catch-22 here which is if you’re locally socially disconnected your avenue for getting people to come to your parties / getting invited to parties is pretty constrained

but there’s also a clear if effortful path to connection

Another unfortunate thing about the process of making friends (or lovers or whatever) is that it’s necessarily kind of stochastic because it’s hard to know if you’ll get along with someone before you interact. Even correct purposeful behavior will only be intermittently rewarded.

I would attend a house party by Cartoons Hate Her! if it was local, but then I am probably one of those internet people she doesn’t want to come.

Lots of businesses actually have no idea how they make or lose money, and have huge room for improvement. There’s a reason Private Equity exists.

Alec Stapp (describing Rob Henderson):

> hired to work in art gallery café

> get bored making coffee

> decide to look at the books

> discover 2 of 3 “income sources” are actually cost centers

> convince board to pivot business model

> revenue up 311%

Zac Hill: This is exactly what led my wife to opening her own nail salon: she literally spent one day looking at the accounting of a well-regarded high end DC franchise while bored working at the front desk, and was just like “…wait, what? no.”

Leah Libresco Sargeant: Experiences like this help drive the “surely the problem is waste fraud and abuse” attitude @rSanti97’s been talking about elsewhere on Here

See also: the movie Dave where they fix the federal budget this way.

I had one job where I didn’t realize I wasn’t supposed to be doing this so I went ahead and did it. I believe the impact was similar, but after a while rather than let me transition into running the place those that did run it told me to stop, at one point even saying ‘the time of heroes is over.’ I didn’t stay that much longer after that.

Entering into a romantic relationship with a manager is associated with raising your earnings by 6%, but breaking up predicts an abrupt 18% earnings decline, and retention of other workers declines by 6%.

I am being more careful about wording than the paper abstract, because while obviously some of this is causal, I don’t believe we can assume most or all of this is causal. There are also other mechanisms in play, such as higher performers that are already on good terms with the boss (and thus more likely to get raises) more often entering such relationships, and breakups happening for reasons.

What this does conclude is that as the subordinate, if you are not prepared to seek alternative employment then you should tread lightly and only do this if you see a real future together, since if you break up you face a net loss of 13% of earnings and probably a much bigger loss in terms of other aspects of the work experience.

Similarly, as a manager, beware small slights and set those birthday reminders.

We study what appears to be a very minor workplace mistreatment—failing to deliver an expected birthday gift and greeting card on time—and examine its effect on subsequent employee performance. Using a dynamic difference-in-differences approach with detailed data from a national retail chain, we find that this small slight leads to over a 50% increase in employee absenteeism and a reduction of more than two working hours per month.

Again I would be cautious with potential common cause concerns, but yeah people take such things personally, as anyone who has seen shows like The Office or worked in an actual typical office will know.

Discussion about this post

Monthly Roundup #37: December 2026 Read More »

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Ukrainians sue US chip firms for powering Russian drones, missiles

Dozens of Ukrainian civilians filed a series of lawsuits in Texas this week, accusing some of the biggest US chip firms of negligently failing to track chips that evaded export curbs. Those chips were ultimately used to power Russian and Iranian weapon systems, causing wrongful deaths last year.

Their complaints alleged that for years, Texas Instruments (TI), AMD, and Intel have ignored public reporting, government warnings, and shareholder pressure to do more to track final destinations of chips and shut down shady distribution channels diverting chips to sanctioned actors in Russia and Iran.

Putting profits over human lives, tech firms continued using “high-risk” channels, Ukrainian civilians’ legal team alleged in a press statement, without ever strengthening controls.

All that intermediaries who placed bulk online orders had to do to satisfy chip firms was check a box confirming that the shipment wouldn’t be sent to sanctioned countries, lead attorney Mikal Watts told reporters at a press conference on Wednesday, according to the Kyiv Independent.

“There are export lists,” Watts said. “We know exactly what requires a license and what doesn’t. And companies know who they’re selling to. But instead, they rely on a checkbox that says, ‘I’m not shipping to Putin.’ That’s it. No enforcement. No accountability.”

As chip firms allegedly looked the other way, innocent civilians faced five attacks, detailed in the lawsuits, that used weapons containing their chips. That includes one of the deadliest attacks in Kyiv, where Ukraine’s largest children’s hospital was targeted in July 2024. Some civilians suing were survivors seriously injured in attacks, while others lost loved ones and experienced emotional trauma.

Russia would not be able to hit their targets without chips supplied by US firms, the lawsuits alleged. Considered the brain of weapon systems, including drones, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles, the chips help enable Russia’s war against Ukrainian civilians, they alleged.

Ukrainians sue US chip firms for powering Russian drones, missiles Read More »

apple-loses-its-appeal-of-a-scathing-contempt-ruling-in-ios-payments-case

Apple loses its appeal of a scathing contempt ruling in iOS payments case

Back in April, District Court Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers delivered a scathing judgment finding that Apple was in “willful violation” of her 2021 injunction intended to open up iOS App Store payments. That contempt of court finding has now been almost entirely upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, a development that Epic Games’ Tim Sweeney tells Ars he hopes will “do a lot of good for developers and start to really change the App Store situation worldwide, I think.”

The ruling, signed by a panel of three appellate court judges, affirmed that Apple’s initial attempts to charge a 27 percent fee to iOS developers using outside payment options “had a prohibitive effect, in violation of the injunction.” Similarly, Apple’s restrictions on how those outside links had to be designed were overly broad; the appeals court suggests that Apple can only ensure that internal and external payment options are presented in a similar fashion.

The appeals court also agreed that Apple acted in “bad faith” by refusing to comply with the injunction, rejecting viable, compliant alternatives in internal discussions. And the appeals court was also not convinced by Apple’s process-focused arguments, saying the district court properly evaluated materials Apple argued were protected by attorney-client privilege.

While the district court barred Apple from charging any fees for payments made outside of its App Store, the appeals court now suggests that Apple should still be able to charge a “reasonable fee” based on its “actual costs to ensure user security and privacy.” It will be up to Apple and the district court to determine what that kind of “reasonable fee” should look like going forward.

Speaking to reporters Thursday night, though, Epic founder and CEO Tim Sweeney said he believes those should be “super super minor fees,” on the order of “tens or hundreds of dollars” every time an iOS app update goes through Apple for review. That should be more than enough to compensate the employees reviewing the apps to make sure outside payment links are not scams and lead to a system of “normal fees for normal businesses that sell normal things to normal customers,” Sweeney said.

Apple loses its appeal of a scathing contempt ruling in iOS payments case Read More »

us-taking-25%-cut-of-nvidia-chip-sales-“makes-no-sense,”-experts-say

US taking 25% cut of Nvidia chip sales “makes no sense,” experts say


Trump’s odd Nvidia reversal may open the door for China to demand Blackwell access.

Donald Trump’s decision to allow Nvidia to export an advanced artificial intelligence chip, the H200, to China may give China exactly what it needs to win the AI race, experts and lawmakers have warned.

The H200 is about 10 times less powerful than Nvidia’s Blackwell chip, which is the tech giant’s currently most advanced chip that cannot be exported to China. But the H200 is six times more powerful than the H20, the most advanced chip available in China today. Meanwhile China’s leading AI chip maker, Huawei, is estimated to be about two years behind Nvidia’s technology. By approving the sales, Trump may unwittingly be helping Chinese chip makers “catch up” to Nvidia, Jake Sullivan told The New York Times.

Sullivan, a former Biden-era national security advisor who helped design AI chip export curbs on China, told the NYT that Trump’s move was “nuts” because “China’s main problem” in the AI race “is they don’t have enough advanced computing capability.”

“It makes no sense that President Trump is solving their problem for them by selling them powerful American chips,” Sullivan said. “We are literally handing away our advantage. China’s leaders can’t believe their luck.”

Trump apparently was persuaded by Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and his “AI czar,” David Sacks, to reverse course on H200 export curbs. They convinced Trump that restricting sales would ensure that only Chinese chip makers would get a piece of China’s market, shoring up revenue flows that dominant firms like Huawei could pour into R&D.

By instead allowing Nvidia sales, China’s industry would remain hooked on US chips, the thinking goes. And Nvidia could use those funds—perhaps $10–15 billion annually, Bloomberg Intelligence has estimated—to further its own R&D efforts. That cash influx, theoretically, would allow Nvidia to maintain the US advantage.

Along the way, the US would receive a 25 percent cut of sales, which lawmakers from both sides of the aisle warned may not be legal and suggested to foreign rivals that US national security was “now up for sale,” NYT reported. The president has claimed there are conditions to sales safeguarding national security but, frustrating critics, provided no details.

Experts slam Nvidia plan as “flawed”

Trump’s plan is “flawed,” The Economist reported.

For years, the US has established tech dominance by keeping advanced technology away from China. Trump risks rocking that boat by “tearing up America’s export-control policy,” particularly if China’s chip industry simply buys up the H200s as a short-term tactic to learn from the technology and beef up its domestic production of advanced chips, The Economist reported.

In a sign that’s exactly what many expect could happen, investors in China were apparently so excited by Trump’s announcement that they immediately poured money into Moore Threads, expected to be China’s best answer to Nvidia, the South China Morning Post reported.

Several experts for the non-partisan think tank the Counsel on Foreign Relations also criticized the policy change, cautioning that the reversal of course threatened to undermine US competition with China.

Suggesting that Trump was “effectively undoing” export curbs sought during his first term, Zongyuan Zoe Liu warned that China “buys today to learn today, with the intention to build tomorrow.”

And perhaps more concerning, she suggested, is that Trump’s policy signals weakness. Rather than forcing Chinese dependence on US tech, reversing course showed China that the US will “back down” under pressure, she warned. And they’re getting that message at a time when “Chinese leaders have a lot of reasons to believe they are not only winning the trade war but also making progress towards a higher degree of strategic autonomy.”

In a post on X, Rush Doshi—a CFR expert who previously advised Biden on national security issues related to China—suggested that the policy change was “possibly decisive in the AI race.”

“Compute is our main advantage—China has more power, engineers, and the entire edge layer—so by giving this up, we increase the odds the world runs on Chinese AI,” Doshi wrote.

Experts fear Trump may not understand the full impact of his decision. In the short-term, Michael C. Horowitz wrote for CFR, “it is indisputable” that allowing H200 exports benefits China’s frontier AI and efforts to scale data centers. And Doshi pointed out that Trump’s shift may trigger more advanced technology flowing into China, as US allies that restricted sales of machines to build AI chips may soon follow his lead and lift their curbs. As China learns to be self-reliant from any influx of advanced tech, Sullivan warned that China’s leaders “intend to get off of American semiconductors as soon as they can.”

“So, the argument that we can keep them ‘addicted’ holds no water,” Sullivan said. “They want American chips right now for one simple reason: They are behind in the AI race, and this will help them catch up while they build their own chip capabilities.”

China may reject H200, demand Blackwell access

It remains unclear if China will approve H200 sales, but some of the country’s biggest firms, including ByteDance, Tencent, and Alibaba, are interested, anonymous insider sources told Reuters.

In the past, China has instructed companies to avoid Nvidia, warning of possible backdoors giving Nvidia a kill switch to remotely shut down chips. Such backdoors could potentially destabilize Chinese firms’ operations and R&D. Nvidia has denied such backdoors exist, but Chinese firms have supposedly sought reassurances from Nvidia in the aftermath of Trump’s policy change. Likely just as unpopular with the Chinese firms and government, Nvidia confirmed recently that it has built location verification tech that could help the US detect when restricted chips are leaked into China. Should the US ever renew export curbs on H200 chips, adopting them widely could cause chaos in the future.

Without giving China sought-after reassurances, Nvidia may not end up benefiting as much as it hoped from its mission to reclaim lost revenue from the Chinese market. Today, Chinese firms control about 60 percent of China’s AI chip market, where only a few years ago American firms—led by Nvidia—controlled 80 percent, the Economist reported.

But for China, the temptation to buy up Nvidia chips may be too great to pass up. Another CFR expert, Chris McGuire, estimated that Nvidia could suddenly start exporting as many as 3 million H200s into China next year. “This would at least triple the amount of aggregate AI computing power China could add domestically” in 2026, McGuire wrote, and possibly trigger disastrous outcomes for the US.

“This could cause DeepSeek and other Chinese AI developers to close the gap with leading US AI labs and enable China to develop an ‘AI Belt and Road’ initiative—a complement to its vast global infrastructure investment network already in place—that competes with US cloud providers around the world,” McGuire forecasted.

As China mulls the benefits and risks, an emergency meeting was called, where the Chinese government discussed potential concerns of local firms buying chips, according to The Information. Reportedly, Beijing ended that meeting with a promise to issue a decision soon.

Horowitz suggested that a primary reason that China may reject the H200s could be to squeeze even bigger concessions out of Trump, whose administration recently has been working to maintain a tenuous truce with China.

“China could come back demanding the Blackwell or something else,” Horowitz suggested.

In a statement, Nvidia—which plans to release a chip called the Rubin to surpass the Blackwell soon—praised Trump’s policy as striking “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.”

China will rip off Nvidia’s chips, Republican warns

Both Democratic and Republican lawmakers in Congress criticized Trump’s plan, including senators behind a bipartisan push to limit AI chip sales to China.

Some have questioned how much thought was put into the policy, as the US confusingly continues restricting less advanced AI chips (like the A100 and H100) while green-lighting H200 sales. Trump’s Justice Department also seems to be struggling to keep up. The NYT noted that just “hours before” Trump announced the policy change, the DOJ announced “it had detained two people for selling those chips to the country.”

The chair of the Select Committee on Competition with China, Rep. John Moolenaar (R-Mich.), warned on X that the news wouldn’t be good for the US or Nvidia. First, the Chinese Communist Party “will use these highly advanced chips to strengthen its military capabilities and totalitarian surveillance,” he suggested. And second, “Nvidia should be under no illusions—China will rip off its technology, mass produce it themselves, and seek to end Nvidia as a competitor.”

“That is China’s playbook and it is using it in every critical industry,” Moolenaar said.

House Democrats on committees dealing with foreign affairs and competition with China echoed those concerns, The Hill reported, warning that “under this administration, our national security is for sale.”

Nvidia’s Huang seems pleased with the outcome, which comes after months of reportedly pressuring the administration to lift export curbs limiting its growth in Chinese markets, the NYT reported. Last week, Trump heaped praise on Huang after one meeting, calling Huang a “smart man” and suggesting the Nvidia chief has “done an amazing job” helping Trump understand the stakes.

At an October news conference ahead of the deal’s official approval, Huang suggested that government lawyers were researching ways to get around a US law that prohibits charging companies fees for export licenses. Eventually, Trump is expected to release a policy that outlines how the US will collect those fees without conflicting with that law.

Senate Democrats appear unlikely to embrace such a policy, issuing a joint statement condemning the H200 sales as dooming the US in the AI race and threatening national security.

“Access to these chips would give China’s military transformational technology to make its weapons more lethal, carry out more effective cyberattacks against American businesses and critical infrastructure and strengthen their economic and manufacturing sector,” Senators wrote.

Photo of Ashley Belanger

Ashley is a senior policy reporter for Ars Technica, dedicated to tracking social impacts of emerging policies and new technologies. She is a Chicago-based journalist with 20 years of experience.

US taking 25% cut of Nvidia chip sales “makes no sense,” experts say Read More »

ugly-infotainment-mars-the-2025-subaru-forester-hybrid-experience

Ugly infotainment mars the 2025 Subaru Forester Hybrid experience

Although many of us associate it with rally-derived machinery from the late 1990s and early 2000s, these days, Subaru has mostly abandoned its performance cars to concentrate on its true calling—rugged, all-wheel-drive vehicles that are high on practicality, powered by horizontally opposed “boxer” engines. One area where the brand has never particularly excelled has been fuel efficiency, which is where today’s test car, the Subaru Forester Hybrid, comes in.

The last time Ars reviewed a Subaru Forester, it left us impressed. How about one with 40 percent better economy, in that case? Now, the 2.5 L flat-four engine operates on the Atkinson/Miller cycle, which generates 162 hp (121 kW) and 154 lb-ft (208 Nm). There’s an electric motor-generator starter and an electric traction motor with 118 hp (88 kW) and 199 lb-ft (270 Nm) that work together to send a combined 194 hp (145 kW) to all four wheels via a symmetrical all-wheel drive system and a planetary continuously variable transmission.

The Forester Hybrid is 183.3 inches (4,656 mm) long, 70.2 inches (1,783 mm) wide, and 68.1 inches (1,729 mm) tall, with a 105.1-inch (2,670 mm) wheelbase. Jonathan Gitlin

If that sounds vaguely familiar, that’s because it’s the same powertrain that Subaru has also fitted to the smaller Crosstrek Hybrid that we drove in September.

The 14 hp (10 kW) bump over the non-hybrid Forester is little enough that it probably won’t be noticed, but a combined EPA fuel efficiency of 35 mpg (6.7 L/100 km) is a meaningful increase over the unelectrified Forester’s 29 mpg (8.1 L/100 km). In practice, I struggled to exceed 31 mpg (7.6 L/100 km) during my week with the Forester, although as you’ll note from the temperatures displayed on the dash, winter temperatures have arrived, and we all know the cold makes all vehicles less efficient, not just EVs.

Driving a CVT hybrid can often feel disconcerting. Sometimes you press the accelerator and the car decides that electric propulsion will suffice; other times, the engine will rev with a non-linear relationship to the power being delivered at the wheels, as internal combustion tops up lithium-ion and then sends electrons to a motor to make the car go. Like all Atkinson cycle engines, it doesn’t sound very mellifluous when worked hard.

The rest of the driving experience was quite pleasant. The Forester Hybrid rides well on tires that have plenty of sidewall, and the 8.7-inches (221 mm) of ground clearance gives plenty of room for suspension travel. While it doesn’t handle like a WRX (or my dear departed Saab 9-2x), driving the Forester is no real chore. Other than the engine and some wind noise, it’s mostly refined on the move.

Ugly infotainment mars the 2025 Subaru Forester Hybrid experience Read More »

big-tech-joins-forces-with-linux-foundation-to-standardize-ai-agents

Big Tech joins forces with Linux Foundation to standardize AI agents

Big Tech has spent the past year telling us we’re living in the era of AI agents, but most of what we’ve been promised is still theoretical. As companies race to turn fantasy into reality, they’ve developed a collection of tools to guide the development of generative AI. A cadre of major players in the AI race, including Anthropic, Block, and OpenAI, has come together to promote interoperability with the newly formed Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF). This move elevates a handful of popular technologies and could make them a de facto standard for AI development going forward.

The development path for agentic AI models is cloudy to say the least, but companies have invested so heavily in creating these systems that some tools have percolated to the surface. The AAIF, which is part of the nonprofit Linux Foundation, has been launched to govern the development of three key AI technologies: Model Context Protocol (MCP), goose, and AGENTS.md.

MCP is probably the most well-known of the trio, having been open-sourced by Anthropic a year ago. The goal of MCP is to link AI agents to data sources in a standardized way—Anthropic (and now the AAIF) is fond of calling MCP a “USB-C port for AI.” Rather than creating custom integrations for every different database or cloud storage platform, MCP allows developers to quickly and easily connect to any MCP-compliant server.

Since its release, MCP has been widely used across the AI industry. Google announced at I/O 2025 that it was adding support for MCP in its dev tools, and many of its products have since added MCP servers to make data more accessible to agents. OpenAI also adopted MCP just a few months after it was released.

mcp simple diagram

Credit: Anthropic

Expanding use of MCP might help users customize their AI experience. For instance, the new Pebble Index 01 ring uses a local LLM that can act on your voice notes, and it supports MCP for user customization.

Local AI models have to make some sacrifices compared to bigger cloud-based models, but MCP can fill in the functionality gaps. “A lot of tasks on productivity and content are fully doable on the edge,” Qualcomm head of AI products, Vinesh Sukumar, tells Ars. “With MCP, you have a handshake with multiple cloud service providers for any kind of complex task to be completed.”

Big Tech joins forces with Linux Foundation to standardize AI agents Read More »

supreme-court-appears-likely-to-approve-trump’s-firing-of-ftc-democrat

Supreme Court appears likely to approve Trump’s firing of FTC Democrat

Justice Samuel Alito suggested that a ruling for Slaughter could open the way for Congress to convert various executive branch agencies into “multi-member commissions with members protected from plenary presidential removal authority.”

“I could go down the list… How about Veterans Affairs? How about Interior? Labor? EPA? Commerce? Education? What am I missing?” Alito said.

“Agriculture,” Justice Neil Gorsuch responded. The official transcript notes that Gorsuch’s response was met with laughter.

Justice Brett Kavanaugh expressed skepticism about the power of independent agencies, saying, “I think broad delegations to unaccountable independent agencies raise enormous constitutional and real-world problems for individual liberty.” He said the court’s approach with “the major questions doctrine over the last several years” has been to “make sure that we are not just being casual about assuming that Congress has delegated major questions of political or economic significance to independent agencies, or to any agencies for that matter.”

Kagan: President would have “uncontrolled, unchecked power”

Unlike the unanimous Humphrey’s Executor, the Slaughter case appears headed for a split ruling between the court’s conservative and liberal justices. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson said there are “dangers and real-world consequences” of the Trump administration’s position.

“My understanding was that independent agencies exist because Congress has decided that some issues, some matters, some areas should be handled in this way by nonpartisan experts, that Congress is saying that expertise matters with respect to aspects of the economy and transportation and the various independent agencies that we have,” Jackson said. “So having a president come in and fire all the scientists and the doctors and the economists and the Ph.D.s and replacing them with loyalists and people who don’t know anything is actually not in the best interest of the citizens of the United States. This is what I think Congress’s policy decision is when it says that these certain agencies we’re not going to make directly accountable to the president.”

Justice Elena Kagan said there has historically been a “bargain” in which “Congress has given these agencies a lot of work to do that is not traditionally executive work… and they’ve given all of that power to these agencies largely with it in mind that the agencies are not under the control of a single person, of the president, but that, indeed, Congress has a great deal of influence over them too. And if you take away a half of this bargain, you end up with just massive, uncontrolled, unchecked power in the hands of the president.”

Supreme Court appears likely to approve Trump’s firing of FTC Democrat Read More »

asked-why-we-need-golden-dome,-the-man-in-charge-points-to-a-hollywood-film

Asked why we need Golden Dome, the man in charge points to a Hollywood film


“If they see how prepared we are, no one starts a nuclear war.”

A test of the nation’s Ground-based Midcourse Defense system at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, in 2019. Credit: US Air Force/Senior Airman Clayton Wear

Near the end of the film A House of Dynamite, a fictional American president portrayed by Idris Elba sums up the theory of nuclear deterrence.

“Just being ready is the point, right?” Elba says. “It keeps people in check. Keeps the world straight. If they see how prepared we are, no one starts a nuclear war.”

There’s a lot that goes wrong in the film, namely the collapse of deterrence itself. For more than 60 years, the US military has used its vast arsenal of nuclear weapons, constantly deployed on Navy submarines, at Air Force bomber bases, and in Minuteman missile fields, as a way of saying, “Don’t mess with us.” In the event of a first strike against the United States, an adversary would be assured of an overwhelming nuclear response, giving rise to the concept of mutual assured destruction.

The Pentagon’s Golden Dome missile defense shield, still in its nascent phase, could fundamentally transform nuclear strategy. One might argue that Golden Dome, if demonstrated as successful, could reshape deterrence in ways not seen since the United States and the Soviet Union first escalated their nuclear arms race in the 1950s.

Theory of deterrence

Production of A House of Dynamite, released in October, began well before President Donald Trump retook the White House and started issuing a bevy of executive orders, one of which directed the Pentagon to start work on a defense shield to protect the US homeland from missile and drone attacks. This initiative was later named Golden Dome, a twist on Israel’s Iron Dome missile defense system.

Proponents of the Golden Dome program say it’s necessary to defend the United States against evolving threats, especially in a time of “great power competition” with nuclear-armed China. Golden Dome is supposed to defend against traditional ballistic missiles, maneuverable hypersonic missiles, cruise missiles, and slower-moving drones. All of these types of weapons have seen use on battlefields in the Middle East, Ukraine, and Russia in the last several years.

Opponents argue that Golden Dome will cost untold hundreds of billions of dollars, destabilize the global order, and increase the risk of a nuclear attack. Their thinking goes that if an adversary’s leaders believe the United States can protect itself from widespread destruction—and therefore remove the motivation for a massive US response—that might be enough for an adversary to pull the trigger on a nuclear attack.

Inevitably, at least a handful of nuclear-tipped missiles would make it through the Golden Dome shield in such a scenario, and countless Americans would die, critics say. People made similar arguments against former President Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, commonly known as Star Wars, before its cancellation. Ars interviewed Rep. Seth Moulton (D-Mass.) earlier this year about why he’s against Golden Dome.

Getting boxed in

Following orders from the Trump administration, military officials have said little about Golden Dome after a flurry of White House announcements and Oval Office photo ops earlier this year. The shield will consist of hundreds or thousands of Space-Based Interceptors on satellites prepositioned in low-Earth orbit, ready to fire small rockets to strike any ballistic missile that threatens the United States. No one is prepared to say how many interceptors or how long it will take to deploy a comprehensive space-based defense system.

In order to work, Golden Dome also needs ground-based interceptors, radar arrays, missile tracking and data relay satellites, and a sophisticated computer network to tie it all together. Some of these capabilities exist today, but space-based interceptors (SBIs) do not. The Trump administration claims an initial homeland defense system could be ready by mid-2028 at a cost of $175 billion. But that won’t be the final product, and Pentagon officials haven’t said how long or how much it will cost to build out the entire network.

The four-star general in charge of developing Golden Dome, Space Force Gen. Michael Guetlein, defended the military’s reluctance to release more information to taxpayers. He said the military is sharing more about the Golden Dome architecture in “one-on-one” meetings with 200 to 300 companies vying for a lucrative slice of the program.

Gen. Michael Guetlein testifies before the Senate Armed Services Committee about joint force readiness in Washington, DC, on March 12, 2025. Credit: Eric Dietrich/US Air Force

“That transparency may not come in an industry symposium, but it is coming in one-on-ones,” Guetlein said in a discussion Saturday at the Reagan National Defense Forum. “It’s not coming in an industry symposium because you guys are not the only ones in the audience, and there are people in that audience that I don’t want to know what we’re doing.

“But I do know that… our industrial partners are all in on it and are supported, so they are pretty well-informed to the max amount I can inform them today,” Guetlein said. “We’ll continue to do more.”

Some public discourse is necessary to establish deterrence. Guetlein said he “hopes” to release more information to the public next year. For now, nearly 11 months after Trump’s order kick-started Golden Dome, nearly all of it remains under a veil of secrecy.

“We will have some things in place that allow us to start having those kind of conversations,” Guetlein said. “I think A House of Dynamite was a good place to start the dialogue. It opens up the dialogue to the American public that we have to change the defense equation. We have to provide decision space to the United States president so that we don’t get ourselves boxed in.”

Spoiler alert

The military’s Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system, which would be used to destroy an incoming missile before it ever reaches US airspace, has a success rate of less than 60 percent in testing. There are just 44 ground-based midcourse interceptors in the Pentagon’s inventory, enough to mount a defense against one or several missiles from a rogue state like North Korea, but not enough to put a dent in any large-scale nuclear attack.

The next part of this story contains spoilers.

In A House of Dynamite, the military launches two GBIs to destroy a single ballistic missile of unknown origin heading for the United States. Both interceptors fail. What’s more, for a nuclear-armed missile to actually reach a target in the United States, one assumes defense and deterrence have also failed. The president must decide what to do next. Respond with an attack? If so, attack where?

Idris Elba portrays an unnamed president of the United States in A House of Dynamite. Credit: Netflix

The film succeeds in creating suspense. It also gets a lot of technical details right, even if the ending left many viewers disappointed. According to at least two senior Pentagon leaders, the film helps illustrate why it’s time for Golden Dome. It is worth noting that the filmmakers behind A House of Dynamite—director Kathryn Bigelow and screenwriter Noah Oppenheim—said one of their goals with the movie was to show that missile defense systems are not infallible.

But Troy Meink, the secretary of the Air Force, said no president should ever wrestle with the decisions facing Elba’s character in the final minutes of the film.

“One of the things that A House of Dynamite really highlighted is the fact that you can’t let yourself be in a situation where you either have a very low chance of stopping it, or you go full nuke in return,” Meink said. “You just can’t let yourself get in that situation, and that’s why we need this [Golden Dome].”

Non-disclosure

There was a bit of news that Guetlein briefly mentioned in Saturday’s discussion at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Guetlein confirmed the Pentagon recently awarded 18 contracts to develop technology for SBIs capable of targeting enemy missiles during their boost phase, before they reach their top speeds and have an opportunity to deploy countermeasures.

The Space Force awarded the prototype development deals in November, but officials didn’t say how many or which companies received the contracts. Guetlein said the number was 18. The value of each contract falls below the $9 million public disclosure threshold for Pentagon programs.

At the same time, Guetlein said the military is working with companies on command-and-control and fire-control software.

“We are in discussions with the department on the need to acquire more transport capability, which is the ability to move data through space, more sensing capability, more missile warning, missile track capability,” he said. “We are waiting on those contracts to come in and to move forward on those, but we have given our needs to the department.”

This illustration released by Apex depicts a Space-Based Interceptor fired from a satellite in low-Earth orbit. Credit: Apex

Next, the Space Force plans to award prototype contracts for midcourse SBIs, perhaps as soon as February, according to a procurement document released by Space Systems Command’s program executive office for space combat power. Like their ground-based counterparts already on alert, these kinds of interceptors would be used to take out ballistic missiles as they coast through space.

Several death knells doomed the Reagan-era Star Wars plan. One was political: the fall of the Soviet Union. The others were economic and technical. It was not possible to affordably build and launch numerous SBIs, but the cost of space access is coming down, largely thanks to reusable rockets. Many of the technologies that will underpin Golden Dome, like automation and AI, sensor sensitivity, and laser communications in space, were simply not available 40 years ago.

It also helps that the Pentagon has a head-start on Golden Dome with GMD and an inventory of smaller interceptors for shorter-range missiles. Key elements of a space-based sensor network required for detecting, tracking, and targeting ballistic and hypersonic missiles started launching in 2024.

But SBIs don’t yet exist. They are among the most challenging, and most controversial, parts of Golden Dome. That’s why the Space Force is focusing on awarding the first batches of SBI contracts.

“We are meeting all of our… objectives to date,” said Guetlein, who previously compared Golden Dome to the Manhattan Project. “I think we’re on a good trajectory. But I will tell you, it is not a gimme putt. It is an extremely complex thing that we’re getting ready to do.”

Photo of Stephen Clark

Stephen Clark is a space reporter at Ars Technica, covering private space companies and the world’s space agencies. Stephen writes about the nexus of technology, science, policy, and business on and off the planet.

Asked why we need Golden Dome, the man in charge points to a Hollywood film Read More »

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Without evidence, RFK Jr.’s vaccine panel tosses hep B vaccine recommendation

Retsef Levi, an operations management expert and ACIP member who expressed strong anti-vaccine views, said, “I think that the intention behind this [recommendation change is] that parents should carefully think about whether they want to take the risk of giving another vaccine to their child, and many of them might decide that they want to wait far more than two months, maybe years and maybe up to adulthood.”

In the discussion before the vote, Meissner described the motivation as “baseless skepticism.”

With a second vote, the panel created a new recommendation that parents and health care providers should consider testing a child’s antibody levels after each dose of the three-dose hepatitis B series. The recommendation suggests that if a baby’s antibody levels reach a certain threshold, they can forgo completing the series.

CDC subject matter experts, medical organizations, and members of the committee pointed out that there is no data to support this recommendation. Vaccine efficacy data is based on the entire three-dose series, and antibody levels are not sufficient to presume the same level of lifelong protection.

This vote “is kind of making things up,” Meissner said in frustration. “I mean, it’s like Never Never Land.”

There was no data or discussion on the administrative burden or clinical feasibility of testing the antibody levels of a baby after each dose.

The panel approved the recommendation on antibody testing in a vote of 6–4, with one abstention.

Medical experts were quick to condemn today’s votes. Sandra Adamson Fryhofer, a board member of the American Medical Association, said the vote is “reckless and undermines decades of public confidence in a proven, lifesaving vaccine.”

“Today’s action is not based on scientific evidence, disregards data supporting the effectiveness of the Hepatitis B vaccine, and creates confusion for parents about how best to protect their newborns,” Fryhofer said in a statement.

Without evidence, RFK Jr.’s vaccine panel tosses hep B vaccine recommendation Read More »

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“Players are selfish”: Fallout 2’s Chris Avellone describes his game design philosophy


Avellone recaps his journey from learning on a TRS-80 to today.

Chris Avellone, storied game designer. Credit: Chris Avellone

Chris Avellone wants you to have a good time.

People often ask creatives—especially those in careers some dream of entering—”how did you get started?” Video game designers are no exception, and Avellone says that one of the most important keys to his success was one he learned early in his origin story.

“Players are selfish,” Avellone said, reflecting on his time designing the seminal computer roleplaying game Planescape: Torment. “The more you can make the experience all about them, the better. So Torment became that. Almost every single thing in the game is about you, the player.”

The true mark of a successful game is when players really enjoy themselves, and serving that essential egotism is one of the fundamental laws of game design.

It’s a lesson he learned long before he became an internationally renowned game designer, before Fallout 2 and Planescape: Torment were twinkles in the eyes of Avellone and his co-workers at Interplay. Avellone’s first introduction to building fictional worlds came not from the digital realm but from the analog world of pen and paper roleplaying games.

Table-top takeaways

Avellone discovered Dungeons and Dragons at the tender young age of nine, and it was a formative influence on his creative life and imagination.

“Getting exposed to the idea of Dungeons and Dragons early was a wake-up call,” he told me. “‘Oh, wow, it’s like make believe with rules!’—like putting challenges on your imagination where not everything was guaranteed to succeed, and that made it more fun. However, what I noticed is that I wasn’t usually altering the systems drastically; it was more using them as a foundation for the content.”

Dice on a table

As is so often the case with RPG developer origin stories, it began with Dungeons & Dragons. Credit: Scott Swigart (CC BY 2.0)

At first, Avellone wasn’t interested in engineering the games and stories himself. He wanted a more passive role, but life had different ideas.

“I never started out with a desire to be the game master,” Avellone remembered. “I wanted to be one of the players, but once it became clear that nobody else in my friend circle really wanted to be a game master—to be fair, it was a lot of work—I bit the bullet and tried my hand at it. Over time, I discovered I really enjoyed helping tell an interactive story with the players.”

That revelation, that he preferred being the one crafting the world and guiding the experience, led to some early experiments away from the table as well.

“I never pursued programming for a career, which is probably to the benefit of the world and engineering everywhere,” he joked. But he did start tinkering very young, inspired by the fantasy text adventure games he played as a kid. “I wanted to construct adventure games in the vein of the Scott Adams games… so I attempted to learn basic coding on the TRS-80 in order to do so. The results were a steaming, buggy mess, but [the experience] did give insights into how games operate under the hood.”

It was a different era, however, bereft of many of the resources that aspiring young game developers have at their fingertips today.

“It being the early ’80s, there wasn’t much access to Internet forums and online training courses like today,” Avellone said. “It was mostly book learning from various programming manuals available on order or from the library. These programming attempts were always solo endeavors at fantasy-style sword and sorcery adventures, and I definitely would have benefited from a community or at least one other person of skill who I could ask questions.”

Despite all of his remarkable successes in the space, Avellone didn’t originally dream of creating video games.

“Designing computer games was something I sort of fell into,” he told me. “The idea of a game designer was an almost unheard of career at the time and wasn’t even on my radar. I wanted to write pen and paper modules, adventure and character books, and comic books. As it turned out, though, that can be a miserable way to try and make a living, so when an opportunity came to work in the computer game industry, I took it with the expectation that I’d still use my off time to pursue comics, [pen and paper] writing, etc. But like with game mastering, I found computer game design and narrative design to be fun in itself, and it ended up being the bulk of my career. I did get the opportunity to write modules and comic books later on, but writing for games became my focus, as it was akin to being a virtual game master.”

Like many of the engineers and developers of that era, toiling in their garages and quietly building the future of computing, young Chris Avellone used other creators’ work as a foundation.

“One technique I tried was dissecting existing game engines,” he recalls, “more like an adventure game framework, and then finding ways to alter the content layer to create the game. But the attempts rarely compiled without a stream of errors.”

The shine moment

Every failure was an opportunity to learn, however, and like his experiences telling collaborative stories with his friends in Dungeons and Dragons, they taught him a number of lessons that would serve him later in his career. In our interview, he returned again and again to the player-first mentality that drives his design ethos.

First and foremost, a designer needs to “understand your players and understand why they are there,” Avellone said. “What is their power fantasy?”

Beyond that, every player, whether in a video game or a tabletop roleplaying adventure, should have an opportunity to stand in the spotlight.

“That shine moment is important because it gives everyone the chance to be a hero and to make a difference,” he explained. “The best adventures are the ones where you can point to how each player was instrumental in its success because of how they designed or role-played their character.”

And players should be able to get to that moment in the way they want, not the one most convenient to you, the game master or designer.

“Not everyone plays the way you do,” Avellone said, “and your job as game master is not to dictate how they choose to play or force them into a certain game mode. If a player is a min-maxer who doesn’t care much for the story, that shouldn’t be a problem. If the player is a heavy role-player, they should have some meat for their interactions. This applies strongly to digital game design. If players want to skip dialogue and story points, that’s how they choose to play the game, and they shouldn’t be crushingly penalized for their play style. It’s not your story, it should be a shared experience between the developer and player.”

A core part of his design philosophy, this was a takeaway from pen-and-paper games that Avellone has deployed throughout his career in video games.

“The first application was Planescape: Torment,” Avellone remembered.

Working on Planescape: Torment

It was 1995. Interplay had recently acquired the Planescape license from Wizards of the Coast, formerly TSR, the company behind Dungeons and Dragons. Interplay was looking for ideas for a video game adaptation and brought in Avellone for an interview. At the time, he was writing for Hero Games, a tabletop RPG publisher. Avellone was hired onto the project as a junior director after he sold the idea of a game where death was only the beginning.

That idea—the springboard that launched a successful, decades-spanning career—originated in Avellone’s frustration with save scumming, the process of repeatedly reloading save games to achieve the best result.

“Save scumming in RPGs up to that point felt like a waste of everyone’s time,” Avellone said. “If you died, you either reloaded or you quit. If they quit, you might lose them permanently. So I felt if you removed the middleman and just automatically respawned the character in interesting places and ways, that could keep the experience seamless and keep the flow of the adventure going. This didn’t quite work, because players were so used to save scumming and would still feel they had failed in some way. I was fighting typical gaming conventions and gaming habits at that point.”

That idea of death being just another narrative element rather than a fail state is emblematic of another pillar of Avellone’s design philosophy, also drawn from pen-and-paper games: Regardless of what happens, the story must go on.

“Let the dice fall where they may,” Avellone explained. “It will result in more interesting gaming stories. This was a hard one for me initially, because I would get so locked into a certain character, NPC, or letting a PC survive, that I would fight random chance to keep my story or their arc intact. This was a mistake and a huge missed opportunity. If the players have no fear of death or annoying adversaries who never seem to die because you are fudging the dice rolls to prevent them from being killed, then it undermines much of the drama, and it undermines their eventual success.”

A screenshot from Planescape Torment

Avellone is known for many classics, but among hardcore RPG fans, Planescape: Torment stands particularly tall. Credit: Beamdog

After Planescape: Torment, which received nearly universal critical acclaim, Avellone continued to evolve best practices for giving players what they wanted. He eventually landed on the idea that player input could be useful even before development begins.

“I would often do pre-game interviews with different players,” he recounted, “to get a sense of where they hoped their character arc would go, how they wanted to play.”

Lessons from Fallout Van Buren

Avellone expanded that process dramatically for Fallout Van Buren, Interplay’s vision for Fallout 3. He and the team built a Fallout tabletop roleplaying game to playtest some of the systems that would be implemented in the (ultimately canceled) video game.

“For the Fallout pen-and-paper we were doing for Fallout Van Buren, for example, doing those examinations proved helpful because there were so many different character builds—including ghouls and super mutants, as well as new archetypes like Science Boy—that you wanted to make sure you were creating an experience where everyone had the chance to shine.”

Though Van Buren never saw the light of day, Avellone has said that some of the elements from that design found their way into the wildly popular Fallout: New Vegas, a project for which Avellone served as senior designer (as well as project director for much of the DLC).

Another lesson he learned at the table is that you should never honor a player’s accomplishment with a reward if you plan to immediately snatch it away.

“Don’t give, then take away,” Avellone warns. “One of the worst mistakes I made was after an excruciatingly long treasure hunt for one of the biggest hordes in the world, I took away all the unique items the characters had struggled to win at the start of the very next adventure. While I knew they would get the items back, the players didn’t, and that almost caused a mutiny.”

Two polygonal figures in front of a Fallout 3 logo

A screenshot from Fallout Van Buren. Credit: No Mutants Allowed

I asked Avellone if his earliest experience playing with other people’s code or sitting around rolling dice with his friends had a throughline to his work today. It was clear in his answer, and throughout our interview, that the little boy who fell in love with architecting worlds of fantasy and adventure in his imagination is still very much alive in the seasoned developer building digital worlds for players today. The core idea persists: It’s all about the players, about their connection to your story and your world.

“It still has a strong impact on my game design today,” he told me. “It’s still important to me to see the range of archetypes and builds a player can make. How to make that feel important in a unique way, and how to structure plots and interactions so you try and keep the character goals so they cater to the player’s selfishness. Instead of some outward, forced goal you place on the player… find a way to make the internal player motivation match the goals in-game, and that makes for a stronger experience.”

Avellone carries that philosophy forward into his current project. He recently signed on to help develop the inaugural project at Republic Games, the studio founded by video game writer Adam Williams, formerly of Quantic Dream. The studio is developing a dystopian fantasy game that revolves around a scrappy rebellion fighting to overthrow brutal, tyrannical oppression.

“Some discussions at Republic Games have fallen back on old RPG designs in the past,” he teased, “As some older designs seemed relevant examples for how to solve a potential arc and direction in the game… but I’ll share that story after the game comes out.”

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Space CEO explains why he believes private space stations are a viable business

It’s a critical time for companies competing to develop a commercial successor to the International Space Station. NASA is working with several companies, including Axiom Space, Voyager Technologies, Blue Origin, and Vast, to develop concepts for private stations where it can lease time for its astronauts.

The space agency awarded Phase One contracts several years ago and is now in the final stages of writing requirements for Phase Two after asking for feedback from industry partners in September. This program is known as Commercial LEO Destinations, or CLDs in industry parlance.

Time is running out for NASA if it wants to establish continuity from the International Space Station, which will reach its end of life in 2030, with a follow-on station ready to go before then.

One of the more intriguing companies in the competition is Voyager Technologies, which recently announced a strategic investment from Janus Henderson, a global investment firm. In another sign that the competition is heating up, Voyager also just hired John Baum away from Vast, where he was the company’s business development leader.

To get a sense of this competition and how Voyager is coming along with its Starlab space station project, Ars spoke with the firm’s chairman, Dylan Taylor. This conversation has been lightly edited for clarity.

Ars: I know a lot of the companies working on CLDs are actively fundraising right now. How is this coming along for Voyager and Starlab?

Dylan Taylor: Fundraising is going quite well. You saw the Janus announcement. That’s significant for a few reasons. One is, it’s a significant investment. Of course, we’re not disclosing exactly how much. (Editor’s note: It likely is on the order of $100 million.) But the more positive development on the Janus investment is that they are such a well-known, well-respected financial investor.

If you look at the kind of bellwether investors, Janus would be up there with a Blackstone or Blackrock or Fidelity. So it’s significant not only in terms of capital contribution, but in… showing that commercial space stations are investable. This isn’t money coming from the Gulf States. It’s not a syndication of a bunch of $1,000 checks from retail investors. This is a very significant institutional investor coming in, and it’s a signal to the market. They did significant diligence on all our competitors, and they went out of the way saying that we’re far and away the best business plan, best design, and everything else, so that’s why it’s so meaningful.

Space CEO explains why he believes private space stations are a viable business Read More »