Author name: Kelly Newman

mpox-outbreak-is-an-international-health-emergency,-who-declares

Mpox outbreak is an international health emergency, WHO declares

africa, CDC, health, Infectious disease, mpox, outbreak, Science, WHO / /

PHEIC —

The declaration is “the highest level of alarm under international health law.”

–

A negative stain electron micrograph of a mpox virus virion in human vesicular fluid.

Enlarge / A negative stain electron micrograph of a mpox virus virion in human vesicular fluid.

The World Health Organization on Wednesday declared an international health emergency over a large and rapidly expanding outbreak of mpox that is spilling out of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

It is the second time in about two years that mpox’s spread has spurred the WHO to declare a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), the highest level of alarm for the United Nations health agency. In July 2022, the WHO declared a PHEIC after mpox cases had spread across the globe, with the epicenter of the outbreak in Europe, primarily in men who have sex with men. The outbreak was caused by clade II mpox viruses, which, between the two mpox clades that exist, is the relatively mild one, causing far fewer deaths. As awareness, precautions, and vaccination increased, the outbreak subsided and was declared over in May 2023.

Unlike the 2022–2023 outbreak, the current mpox outbreak is driven by the clade II virus, the more dangerous version that causes more severe disease and more deaths. Also, while the clade I virus in the previous outbreak unexpectedly spread via sexual contact in adults, this clade II outbreak is spreading in more classic contact patterns, mostly through skin contact of household members and health care workers. A large proportion of those infected have been children.

To date, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where the virus is endemic, has reported more than 22,000 suspect mpox cases and more than 1,200 deaths since the start of January 2023. In recent months, the outbreak has spilled out into multiple neighboring countries, including Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, and Uganda.

Earlier on Wednesday, the WHO convened an emergency committee to review the situation, in which experts from affected countries presented data to independent international experts. The committee concluded that the outbreak constituted a PHEIC, and WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus followed their recommendation.

“The emergence of a new clade of mpox, its rapid spread in eastern DRC, and the reporting of cases in several neighboring countries are very worrying,” Tedros said in a statement announcing the PHEIC. “On top of outbreaks of other mpox clades in DRC and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives.”

On Tuesday, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared a similar emergency. Africa CDC Director General Dr. Jean Kaseya said the declaration will “mobilize our institutions, our collective will, and our resources to act—swiftly and decisively. This empowers us to forge new partnerships, strengthen our health systems, educate our communities, and deliver life-saving interventions where they are needed most.”

For now, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assess the risk to the US public to be “very low,” given that there is limited and no direct travel between the US and the epicenter of the outbreak. So far, no clade I cases have been detected outside of central and eastern Africa.

Mpox outbreak is an international health emergency, WHO declares Read More »

kraven-the-hunter’s-new-trailer-gives-us-a-dark,-gore-filled-revenge-story

Kraven the Hunter’s new trailer gives us a dark, gore-filled revenge story

culture, Entertainment, film trailers, Kraven the Hunter, Sony Pictures, Sony's Spider-Man University, Trailers / /

“When the man comes around” —

It’s the latest installment in Sony’s Spider-Man Universe, which has floundered recently.

–

Aaron Taylor-Johnson (Bullet Train) plays the title character in the forthcoming film Kraven the Hunter.

Sony’s Spider-Man Universe (SSU) got off to a strong start with Venom (2018) and Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021), both of which racked up high box office earnings despite mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. But then the studio foundered badly with a couple of box office flops: 2022’s Morbius and 2024’s Madame Web.

Sony hopes to right the ship with a third Venom film in October (The Last Dance) and the much-delayed Kraven the Hunter this December. We’ve got a new trailer for the latter, leaning heavily into R-rated gore and set to Johnny Cash’s moodily atmospheric “The Man Comes Around.” It’s an entirely different, darker vibe from prior offerings: a revenge narrative rife with violence and daddy issues. Color us intrigued.

Comic book fans are well acquainted with Kraven as one of Spider-Man’s most formidable foes, a founding member of the Sinister Six. He’s a Russian immigrant with an aristocratic background who fled his home country when Tsar Nicholas II’s reign collapsed in 1917. He’s a big game hunter with enhanced abilities thanks to ingesting a mysterious potion made from jungle herbs. He’s very hard to injure, has super-human strength, and enhanced sight, hearing, and smell, as well as being a good tactician with excellent hand-to-hand combat skills.

Screenwriter Richard Wenk has said that Sony intended to adapt the critically acclaimed 1987 storyline in Kraven’s Last Hunt by J.M. DeMatteis, Mike Zeck, and Bob McLeod, which leaned heavily into the character’s Russian origins to create a very Dostoyevsky-like arc of a tortured soul. That storyline features an older Kraven whose health is failing who decides to hunt Spider-Man one last time, whereas the film is clearly an origin story. And Kraven actually dies by suicide in that comic arc, but we’re guessing Sony has plans to use him in other SSU films, with or without his arch-nemesis Spider-Man.

Per the official premise:

Kraven the Hunter is the visceral, action-packed origin story of how and why one of Marvel’s most iconic villains came to be. Aaron Taylor-Johnson plays Kraven, a man whose complex relationship with his ruthless father, Nikolai Kravinoff (Russell Crowe), starts him down a path of vengeance with brutal consequences, motivating him to become not only the greatest hunter in the world, but also one of its most feared.

In addition to Taylor-Johnson and Crowe, the cast includes Ariana DeBose as the voodoo priestess Calypso, Kraven’s love interest; Fred Hechinger as Dmitri Smerdyakov, aka Chameleon, Kraven’s half-brother; Alessandro Nivola as Aleksei Sytsevich, aka Rhino, a Russian mercenary who can transform into a human/rhino hybrid; Christopher Abbott as a mercenary and assassin called the Foreigner; and Levi Miller as young Sergei.

Kraven the Hunter hits theaters on December 13, 2024.

Listing image by YouTube/Sony Pictures

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Disney fighting restaurant death suit with Disney+ terms “absurd,” lawyer says

Disney, disney springs, Florida, Policy, raglan road Irish pub, streaming service, Walt Disney World resorts, wrongful death / /
Raglan Road Irish Pub at Disney Springs in Orlando, Florida, USA.

Enlarge / Raglan Road Irish Pub at Disney Springs in Orlando, Florida, USA.

After a woman, Kanokporn Tangsuan, with severe nut allergies died from anaphylaxis due to a Disney Springs restaurant neglecting to honor requests for allergen-free food, her husband, Jeffrey Piccolo, sued on behalf of her estate.

In May, Disney tried to argue that the wrongful death suit should be dismissed because Piccolo subscribed to a one-month free trial of Disney+ four years before Tangsuan’s shocking death. Fighting back this month, a lawyer representing Tangsuan’s estate, Brian Denney, warned that Disney was “explicitly seeking to bar its 150 million Disney+ subscribers from ever prosecuting a wrongful death case against it in front of a jury even if the case facts have nothing to with Disney+.”

According to Disney, by agreeing to the Disney+ terms, Piccolo also agreed to other Disney terms vaguely hyperlinked in the Disney+ agreement that required private arbitration for “all disputes” against “The Walt Disney Company or its affiliates” arising “in contract, tort, warranty, statute, regulation, or other legal or equitable basis.”

However, Denney argued that “there is simply no reading of the Disney+ Subscriber Agreement, the only Agreement Mr. Piccolo allegedly assented to in creating his Disney+ account, which would support the notion that he was agreeing on behalf of his wife or her estate, to arbitrate injuries sustained by his wife at a restaurant located on premises owned by a Disney theme park or resort from which she died.”

“Frankly, any such suggestion borders on the absurd,” Denney said.

Denney argued that Disney’s motion to compel arbitration was “so outrageously unreasonable and unfair as to shock the judicial conscience.”

It’s particularly shocking, Denney argued, because of a “glaring ambiguity” that Disney “ignores”—that Piccolo more recently agreed to other Disney terms that “directly conflict” with the terms that Disney prefers to reference in its motion.

Denney argued that Disney is “desperately” clinging to “Piccolo’s purported consent to the Disney Terms of Use in November of 2019, because the My Disney Experience Terms and Conditions he allegedly consented to in 2023″—when purchasing tickets on Disney’s website to Epcot that went unused—”do not contain an arbitration provision.”

Those terms instead “rather expressly contemplate that the parties may file lawsuits and requires those suits to be filed in Orange County Florida and to be governed by Florida law,” Denney said. They also specify that the My Disney Experience terms prevail amid any conflict with other terms.

This renders “the arbitration provision in the Disney Terms of Use unenforceable,” Denney argued, requesting Disney’s motion be denied and suggesting that Disney is attempting “to deprive the Estate of Kanokporn Tangsuan of its right to a jury trial.”

He also reminded the court that in nursing home cases, Florida courts have “repeatedly held that a resident’s estate will not be bound by an arbitration agreement signed by a spouse or other family member in their individual capacity.”

Disney is hoping that its Disney+ terms argument will push the litigation out of the court and behind closed doors of arbitration, arguing that “Piccolo’s remaining claims against Great Irish Pubs”—which does business as Raglan Road Irish Pub—”should be stayed as well.” That would be proper, Disney argued, because Piccolo’s claims against Disney “are based entirely on Great Irish Pubs’ alleged misconduct” and “it would be problematic for this litigation to continue since each tribunal may decide the issues differently.”

Disney also noted that the litigation should also be stayed if Great Irish Pubs joined the arbitration, which Disney “would not oppose.”

Denney argued that Disney’s motion to compel arbitration was “fatally flawed for numerous independent reasons.”

“There is not a single authority in Florida that would support such an inane argument,” Denney argued. It’s “preposterous,” he said, that Disney is arguing that “when Jeffrey Piccolo, individually, allegedly signed himself up for a free trial of Disney+ back in 2019 or bought Epcot tickets in 2023, he somehow bound the non-existent Estate of Kanokporn Tangsuan (his wife, who was alive at both times) to an arbitration agreement buried within certain terms and conditions.”

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Classic PC game emulation is back on the iPhone with iDOS 3 release

App Store, Apple, DOS games, emulator, gaming, iDOS, iDOS 3, MS-DOS, Tech / /

Emulation —

Apple amended its App Store rules to allow PC emulators, not just console ones.

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An MS-DOS command line prompt showing the C drive

Enlarge / The start of any journey in MS-DOS.

Samuel Axon

After a 14-year journey of various states of availability and usefulness amid the shifting policies of Apple’s App Store approval process, MS-DOS game emulator iDOS is back on the iPhone and iPad. It’s hopefully here to stay this time.

iDOS allows you to run applications made for MS-DOS via DOSBox, with a nice retro-styled interface. Its main use case is definitely playing DOS games, but it has seen a rocky road to get to this point. Initially released over a decade ago, it existed quietly for its niche audience, though it saw some changes that made it more or less useful in the developer’s quest to avoid removal from the App Store after it violated Apple’s rules. That culminated in it being removed altogether in 2021 after some tweets and articles brought attention to it.

But earlier this year, Apple made big changes to its App Store rules, officially allowing “retro game emulators” for the first time. That cleared the way for a wave of working console game emulators like Delta and RetroArch, which mostly work as you might expect them to on any other platform now. But when iDOS developer Chaoji Li and other purveyors of classic PC emulator software attempted to do the same for old PC games for MS-DOS and other non-console computing platforms, they were stymied. Apple told them that it didn’t consider their apps to be retro game console emulators and that they violated rules intended to prevent people from circumventing the App Store by running applications from other sources.

PC emulator UTM released a version of its software that worked around Apple’s rules, but it was a subpar experience. But on August 2, Apple amended its App Store rules to explicitly allow emulators of classic PC games. That opened the door for iDOS, which has made its triumphant return and works quite well.

Developer Chaoji Li’s announcement of iDOS 3’s availability didn’t have a tone of triumph to it, though—more like exhaustion, given the app’s struggles over the years:

It has been a long wait for common sense to prevail within Apple. As much as I want to celebrate, I still can’t help being a little bit cautious about the future. Are we good from now on?

Get iDOS3 on AppStore

I hope iDOS can now enjoy its turn to stay and grow.

P.S. Even though words feel inadequate at times, I would like to say thank you to the supporters of iDOS. In many ways, you keep iDOS alive.

Given that Apple’s policy changes were driven by regulatory concerns, it seems likely it’ll stick this time, but after everything that’s happened, you can’t blame Li for putting a question mark on this.

In any case, if you’re among the dozens (or maybe several hundred) of people looking to play Commander Keen, Might and Magic: The World of Xeen, Wolfenstein 3D, or Jill of the Jungle on your iPhone, today is your day.

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researchers-figure-out-how-to-keep-clocks-on-the-earth,-moon-in-sync

Researchers figure out how to keep clocks on the Earth, Moon in sync

Science / /

Does anyone really know what time it is? —

A single standardized Earth/Moon time would aid communications, enable lunar GPS.

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Image of a full Moon behind a dark forest of fir trees.

Enlarge / Without adjustments for relativity, clocks here and on the Moon would rapidly diverge.

Timing is everything these days. Our communications and GPS networks all depend on keeping careful track of the precise timing of signals—including accounting for the effects of relativity. The deeper into a gravitational well you go, the slower time moves, and we’ve reached the point where we can detect differences in altitude of a single millimeter. Time literally flows faster at the altitude where GPS satellites are than it does for clocks situated on Earth’s surface. Complicating matters further, those satellites are moving at high velocities, an effect that slows things down.

It’s relatively easy to account for that on the Earth, where we’re dealing with a single set of adjustments that can be programmed into electronics that need to keep track of these things. But plans are in place to send a large array of hardware to the Moon, which has a considerably lower gravitational field (faster clocks!), which means that objects can stay in orbit despite moving more slowly (also faster clocks!).

It would be easy to set up an equivalent system to track time on the Moon, but that would inevitably see the clocks run out of sync with those on Earth—a serious problem for things like scientific observations. So, the International Astronomical Union has a resolution that calls for a “Lunar Celestial Reference System” and “Lunar Coordinate Time” to handle things there. On Monday, two researchers at the National institute of Standards and Technology, Neil Ashby and Bijunath Patla, did the math to show how this might work.

Keeping time

We’re getting ready to explore the Moon. If everything goes to plan, China and a US-led consortium will be sending multiple uncrewed missions, potentially leading to a permanent human presence. We’ll have an increasing set of hardware, and eventually facilities on the lunar surface. Tracking just a handful of items at once was sufficient for the Apollo missions, but future missions may need to land at precise locations, and possibly move among them. That makes the equivalent of a lunar GPS valuable, as NIST notes in its press release announcing the work.

All that could potentially be handled by an independent lunar positioning system, if we’re willing to accept it marching to its own temporal beat. But that will become a problem if we’re ultimately going to do things like perform astronomy from the Moon, as the precise timing of events will be critical. Allowing for two separate systems would also mean switching all the timekeeping systems on board craft as they travel between the two.

The theory behind how to handle creating a single system has all been worked out. But the practicality of doing so has been left as an exercise for future researchers. But, apparently, the future is now.

Ashby and Patla worked on developing a system where anything can be calculated in reference to the center of mass of the Earth/Moon system. Or, as they put it in the paper, their mathematical system “enables us to compare clock rates on the Moon and cislunar Lagrange points with respect to clocks on Earth by using a metric appropriate for a locally freely falling frame such as the center of mass of the Earth–Moon system in the Sun’s gravitational field.”

What does this look like? Well, a lot of deriving equations. The paper’s body has 55 of them, and there are another 67 in the appendices. So, a lot of the paper ends up looking like this.

A typical section of the paper describing how the new system was put together.

Enlarge / A typical section of the paper describing how the new system was put together.

Ashby and Patla, 2024

Things get complicated because there are so many factors to consider. There are tidal effects from the Sun and other planets. Anything on the surface of the Earth or Moon is moving due to rotation; other objects are moving while in orbit. The gravitational influence on time will depend on where an object is located. So, there’s a lot to keep track of.

Future proof

Ashby and Patla don’t have to take everything into account in all circumstances. Some of these factors are so small they’ll only be detectable with an extremely high-precision clock. Others tend to cancel each other out. Still, using their system, they’re able to calculate that an object near the surface of the Moon will pick up an extra 56 microseconds every day, which is a problem in situations where we may be relying on measuring time with nanosecond precision.

And the researchers say that their approach, while focused on the Earth/Moon system, is still generalizable. Which means that it should be possible to modify it and create a frame of reference that would work on both Earth and anywhere else in the Solar System. Which, given the pace at which we’ve sent things beyond low-Earth orbit, is probably a healthy amount of future-proofing.

The Astronomical Journal, 2024. DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ad643a  (About DOIs).

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microsoft’s-paint-3d-was-once-the-future-of-ms-paint,-but-now-it’s-going-away

Microsoft’s Paint 3D was once the future of MS Paint, but now it’s going away

ms paint, paint 3d, Tech, Windows 10, Windows 11 / /

one dimension too many —

User outcry ushered in a renaissance for classic MS Paint, and Paint 3D faded.

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Paint 3D, once the future of the Paint app, is getting the axe in November.

Enlarge / Paint 3D, once the future of the Paint app, is getting the axe in November.

Andrew Cunningham

In October of 2017, Microsoft released a version of Windows 10 called the “Fall Creators Update,” back when the company tried to give brand names to these things rather than just sticking to version numbering. One of the new apps included in that update was called Paint 3D, and while it shared a name with the old two-dimensional MS Paint app, it was entirely new software that supported creating 3D shapes and a whole bunch of other editing and transform options that the old Paint app didn’t have.

For the briefest of moments, Microsoft planned to deprecate the classic 2D version of the Paint app and focus its development resources on Paint 3D. But user outcry prompted Microsoft to cancel Paint’s cancelation and move it into the Microsoft Store for easier updating. The company soon began adding new features to the app for the first time in years, starting with keyboard controls and extending to a redesigned UI, support for layers and PNG transparency, and integrated AI-powered image generation.

But the old Paint app’s renaissance is coming at the expense of Paint 3D, which Microsoft says is formally being deprecated and removed from the Microsoft Store on November 4. Windows Central reports that users of the app will be notified via a banner message, just in case they aren’t regularly checking Microsoft’s documentation page for the list of deprecated and removed Windows features.

Microsoft recommends the Paint and Photos apps for viewing and editing 2D images and the 3D Viewer app for viewing 3D models. Creating and editing 3D images will be left to third-party software.

When it was introduced, Paint 3D was also pitched as a way to create and manipulate three-dimensional objects that could then be dropped into real environments using the Windows Mixed Reality platform. It’s probably not a coincidence that Windows Mixed Reality is being removed in this fall’s Windows 11 24H2 release, right around the same time Paint 3D will be removed from Windows and from the Microsoft Store.

Many Windows 8- and 10-era apps have either been axed or renamed in the Windows 11 era as Microsoft has refocused on built-in Windows apps with decadeslong histories. The Mail and Calendar apps are being replaced with a version of Outlook, and though it isn’t called Outlook Express there are certainly parallels. The Groove app was renamed “Windows Media Player” and picked up a few legacy Media Player capabilities, like the ability to play and rip audio CDs. Voice Recorder became Sound Recorder. Snip & Sketch had its capabilities rolled back into the Snipping Tool.

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the-cheapest-tesla-cybertruck-is-$99,990;-promised-$60k-model-canceled

The cheapest Tesla Cybertruck is $99,990; promised $60K model canceled

Cars, Tesla Cybertruck / /

sells better than the hummer or lighting though —

When the Cybertruck debuted in 2019 it was supposed to start at $39,900.

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A Tesla Cybertruck in a Tesla store

Enlarge / The Cybertruck remains a divisive vehicle.

Jonathan Gitlin

When Tesla CEO Elon Musk first unveiled the Cybertruck in 2019, the angular pickup was pitched right at the heart of the highly competitive truck market. With a promised starting price of $39,900, the single-motor version ever so slightly undercut the cheapest version of Ford’s electric F-150 Lightning. Tesla increased the entry-level price by more than $20,000 by the time the Cybertruck was actually getting close to production, with promises of deliveries in 2025. But now, all mention of the cheaper rear-wheel drive Cybertruck is gone from Tesla’s ordering page.

Although pickup trucks have dominated new vehicle sales in the US for decades, their buyers are not exactly clamoring to swap their V8s or diesels for a slab of batteries and some electric motors. Ford has been finding that out the hard way—a constant string of price changes have helped keep demand depressed enough that the Blue Oval is shifting its entire electric vehicle strategy as a result.

And the F-150 Lightning has the advantage of looking just like all the other F-150s that roll off the production line. Not so the Cybertruck, a vehicle that manages to look even less elegant when you see one in the wild rather than on a screen.

As is typical with new Tesla models, the stainless steel pickup’s gestation was anything but easy. Last October Musk told fans “we dug our own grave with the Cybertruck,” having previously berated his workforce about quality control, insisting “sub 10 micron accuracy.”

Things appeared to get worse as customer deliveries began. A problem with the Cybertruck’s pedal led to crashes and a stop to new deliveries, and there had been four official recalls by late June.

Still outselling the competition

And yet, the Tesla has been outselling the Ford despite the cheapest Cybertruck costing a minimum of $99,900, with Lightnings available on dealer lots with price tags that are $20,000-$30,000 less.

A better cross-shop might well be the GMC Hummer EV. Like the Cybertruck, the Hummer is so heavy it counts as a class 3 truck here in the US, a fact that precludes international sales in most markets, which require special licenses to operate heavier vehicles. Both also effectively have six-figure starting prices now, once you take into account delivery charges. So far, the Tesla is winning this sales battle, too, with nearly three times as many being sold in Q2.

That makes it the best-selling vehicle costing more than $100,000, according to industry analysts Cox Automotive, telling Automotive News that “sustained high volume at that price point will be a challenge.”

The cheapest Tesla Cybertruck is $99,990; promised $60K model canceled Read More »

jude-law’s-jedi-befriends-kids-lost-in-space-in-star-wars:-skeleton-crew-trailer

Jude Law’s Jedi befriends kids lost in space in Star Wars: Skeleton Crew trailer

culture, Disney Plus, Entertainment, Skeleton Crew, star wars, Trailers / /

“It’s dangerous out there in space” —

The standalone series is set in the same time frame as The Mandalorian and Ahsoka. 

–

TKTK Star Wars: Skeleton Crew.

The Star Wars universe continues to expand on streaming television with the release of the first trailer for Star Wars: Skeleton Crew this weekend at Disney’s annual D23 Expo. The eight-episode standalone series is set in the same time frame as The Mandalorian and Ahsoka.

Executive producer Kathleen Kennedy was intrigued when series co-creator Jon Watts pitched a Star Wars series inspired by the 1985 film The Goonies. (Kennedy had co-produced that film and co-founded Amblin Entertainment.) She told co-creator Christopher Ford that The Goonies hadn’t been created specifically for kids, instead telling a story that just happened to be about kids going on an adventure. So Ford and Watts wrote Skeleton Crew with the same mindset: a show for everyone that just happened to feature kids as the central characters. Per the official premise:

Skeleton Crew follows the journey of four kids who make a mysterious discovery on their seemingly safe home planet, then get lost in a strange and dangerous galaxy, crossing paths with the likes of Jod Na Nawood, the mysterious character played by [Jude] Law. Finding their way home—and meeting unlikely allies and enemies—will be a greater adventure than they ever imagined.

Jude Law leads the cast as the quick-witted and charming (per Law) “Force-user” Jod Na Nawood. Ravi Cabot-Conyers plays Wim, Ryan Kiera Armstrong plays Fern, Kyriana Kratter plays KB, and Robert Timothy Smith plays Neil. Nick Frost will voice a droid named SM 33. The cast also includes Tunde Adebimpe, Kerry Condon, and Jaleel White in as yet undisclosed roles.

The trailer opens with our young protagonists at school, preparing to take a test that will set the course of their respective futures. At least one of them is bored with the daily routine and longs to do something more exciting. “What if we could go anywhere we want in the whole galaxy?” he asks. “A real adventure. No more pretend.” Naturally they find a mysterious “lost Jedi temple” buried in the woods and soon find themselves rocketing away on a spaceship—and getting lost. Can they survive all the dangers of space and find their way back to their home planet? With the help of Law’s Jedi, we like their chances.

Star Wars: Skeleton Crew premieres on December 3, 2024, on Disney+.

Listing image by LucasFilm/Disney+

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people-game-ais-via-game-theory

People game AIs via game theory

AI, AI training, Behavioral science, Computer science, Human behavior, Science / /

Games inside games —

They reject more of the AI’s offers, probably to get it to be more generous.

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A judge's gavel near a pile of small change.

Enlarge / In the experiments, people had to judge what constituted a fair monetary offer.

In many cases, AIs are trained on material that’s either made or curated by humans. As a result, it can become a significant challenge to keep the AI from replicating the biases of those humans and the society they belong to. And the stakes are high, given we’re using AIs to make medical and financial decisions.

But some researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have found an additional wrinkle in these challenges: The people doing the training may potentially change their behavior when they know it can influence the future choices made by an AI. And, in at least some cases, they carry the changed behaviors into situations that don’t involve AI training.

Would you like to play a game?

The work involved getting volunteers to participate in a simple form of game theory. Testers gave two participants a pot of money—$10, in this case. One of the two was then asked to offer some fraction of that money to the other, who could choose to accept or reject the offer. If the offer was rejected, nobody got any money.

From a purely rational economic perspective, people should accept anything they’re offered, since they’ll end up with more money than they would have otherwise. But in reality, people tend to reject offers that deviate too much from a 50/50 split, as they have a sense that a highly imbalanced split is unfair. Their rejection allows them to punish the person who made the unfair offer. While there are some cultural differences in terms of where the split becomes unfair, this effect has been replicated many times, including in the current work.

The twist with the new work, performed by Lauren Treimana, Chien-Ju Hoa, and Wouter Kool, is that they told some of the participants that their partner was an AI, and the results of their interactions with it would be fed back into the system to train its future performance.

This takes something that’s implicit in a purely game-theory-focused setup—that rejecting offers can help partners figure out what sorts of offers are fair—and makes it highly explicit. Participants, or at least the subset involved in the experimental group that are being told they’re training an AI, could readily infer that their actions would influence the AI’s future offers.

The question the researchers were curious about was whether this would influence the behavior of the human participants. They compared this to the behavior of a control group who just participated in the standard game theory test.

Training fairness

Treimana, Hoa, and Kool had pre-registered a number of multivariate analyses that they planned to perform with the data. But these didn’t always produce consistent results between experiments, possibly because there weren’t enough participants to tease out relatively subtle effects with any statistical confidence and possibly because the relatively large number of tests would mean that a few positive results would turn up by chance.

So, we’ll focus on the simplest question that was addressed: Did being told that you were training an AI alter someone’s behavior? This question was asked through a number of experiments that were very similar. (One of the key differences between them was whether the information regarding AI training was displayed with a camera icon, since people will sometimes change their behavior if they’re aware they’re being observed.)

The answer to the question is a clear yes: people will in fact change their behavior when they think they’re training an AI. Through a number of experiments, participants were more likely to reject unfair offers if they were told that their sessions would be used to train an AI. In a few of the experiments, they were also more likely to reject what were considered fair offers (in US populations, the rejection rate goes up dramatically once someone proposes a 70/30 split, meaning $7 goes to the person making the proposal in these experiments). The researchers suspect this is due to people being more likely to reject borderline “fair” offers such as a 60/40 split.

This happened even though rejecting any offer exacts an economic cost on the participants. And people persisted in this behavior even when they were told that they wouldn’t ever interact with the AI after training was complete, meaning they wouldn’t personally benefit from any changes in the AI’s behavior. So here, it appeared that people would make a financial sacrifice to train the AI in a way that would benefit others.

Strikingly, in two of the three experiments that did follow up testing, participants continued to reject offers at a higher rate two days after their participation in the AI training, even when they were told that their actions were no longer being used to train the AI. So, to some extent, participating in AI training seems to have caused them to train themselves to behave differently.

Obviously, this won’t affect every sort of AI training, and a lot of the work that goes into producing material that’s used in training something like a Large Language Model won’t have been done with any awareness that it might be used to train an AI. Still, there’s plenty of cases where humans do get more directly involved in training, so it’s worthwhile being aware that this is another route that can allow biases to creep in.

PNAS, 2024. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408731121  (About DOIs).

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dozens-injured,-pets-killed-in-fires-causing-samsung-to-recall-1.1m-stoves

Dozens injured, pets killed in fires causing Samsung to recall 1.1M stoves

consumer product safety commission, electric range, electric stove, fire hazard, Policy, product safety, samsung / /

Only you can prevent cooktop fires —

Samsung is currently offering free knob locks and covers to prevent fires.

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US Consumer Product Safety Commission announced a recall of 1.1 million Samsung Slide-in Electric Ranges due to hundreds of reported fires.

Enlarge / US Consumer Product Safety Commission announced a recall of 1.1 million Samsung Slide-in Electric Ranges due to hundreds of reported fires.

After hundreds of reports of fires causing dozens of injuries and several pet deaths, Samsung is recalling more than a million electric stoves sold in the US between 2013 and 2024.

In a press release, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) reported that the voluntary recall was due to “front-mounted knobs” on Samsung’s slide-in electric ranges. The faulty knobs “can be activated by accidental contact by humans or pets, posing a fire hazard”—particularly when people leave objects on the stove.

The stoves impacted by the recall were widely sold in Costco, Home Depot, Best Buy, Lowe’s, and other appliance stores nationwide. Their knobs can be easily triggered by accident, heating up the cooktop and increasing the risks of fires, the CPSC said. Since 2013, Samsung has received “over 300 reports of unintentional activation.” According to the CPSC:

“These ranges have been involved in approximately 250 fires. At least 18 fires caused extensive property damage. Approximately 40 injuries have been reported, eight of which required medical attention, and there have been reports of seven fires involving pet deaths.”

Luckily, there’s an easy solution recently devised that can prevent this safety hazard in homes across America, Samsung said. Customers concerned about unintentional activations can request free knob locks and covers that Samsung confirmed made it much harder to accidentally turn on the stove.

Whereas the problematic electric ranges’ knobs require users to push the knob and turn, “precision knobs” that Samsung rolled out in April introduce a new safety measure that requires users to pinch the knob before pushing and turning knobs to activate the stove.

“A simple pinching motion” releases a pin that otherwise would remain locked and prevent stoves from accidental activation when knobs are unintentionally bumped or perhaps twisted by a young child or knocked around by a pet, Samsung said.

Consumers who bought one of the 30 affected models listed here can contact Samsung online or by phone or email to receive free knob locks and covers and implement this new “pinching” safety measure, even if their warranty is expired. They can also check if their model has been affected here. If the serial number is no longer readable, customers should call or chat online with a Samsung agent.

Once Samsung receives a request for free knob locks and covers, repair kits “should arrive within five business days,” an FAQ said. And customers will receive tracking information once the knob locks and covers ship. Instructions to install will be provided and are also available online.

Until knob locks and covers are installed, customers can continue using their stoves, Samsung said. But the CPSC advised people to “keep children and pets away from the knobs,” “check the range knobs to ensure they are off before leaving the home or going to bed,” and avoid leaving “objects on the range when the range is not in use.”

Additionally, customers with Wi-Fi-enabled ranges can enable notifications in their Samsung SmartThings app to receive alerts when the stove is on.

Samsung noted that parents in particular seemed to appreciate the precision knobs, with one review calling it a “favorite feature,” because “we have two young girls in the house and not having to worry about one of them playing with the knobs and starting the stove… is a huge plus.”

Fire hazards go beyond Samsung—and can be fatal

Samsung’s recall is part of a worrying trend where front-mounted knobs on both gas and electric ranges from many different manufacturers have caused hundreds of fires in the US. In June, the CPSC’s Joint Gas and Electric Range Knob Working Group hosted a meeting with leading stove manufacturers and other stakeholders to confront the industry-wide problem.

During the meeting, the CPSC shared data showing that across 338 incidents between January 1, 2018, and May 30, 2024, stoves from “ten specific manufacturers” were involved in fires causing 31 injuries and two deaths. Additionally, the CPSC had recorded “two other fatal incidents where a range was accidentally turned on when a knob was bumped, but the manufacturer is unknown.”

According to the CPSC, manufacturers were “interested to learn the events that lead to the ranges accidentally activating, including whether pets were involved, unsupervised children were at fault, or there were unusual circumstances.” Companies said the CPSC data would help them “fully understand the issues” and “make sure that reasonable and foreseeable circumstances would be addressed” without impacting compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Samsung attended the meeting, saying that it joined other “major brands across the appliance industry” to “discuss how to revisit knob safety standards for all ranges to address inadvertent activation.”

The working group’s meetings are expected to continue, but a deadline to reconvene approximately a month after the June meeting has since passed without any further discussion.

A few months prior to the meeting, Samsung introduced the precision knobs as a novel solution in its ranges, as well as an additional safety feature now available in “its most premium Bespoke Slide-In electric and gas ranges,” which illuminates the knobs when they’re turned on. This provides a “visual cue when the knobs are activated,” Samsung said.

As manufacturers like Samsung continue to tweak knobs to improve safety, the CPSC this week issued a safety alert warning the public of fire hazards of gas and electric ranges.

The safety notice advises customers to use safety locks and covers to prevent accidental activation, keep kids and pets away from cooktops with front-mounted knobs, and take care when leaning over the stove to avoid bumping into knobs.

For anyone concerned about safety issues with a gas or electric range, the CPSC provides a database to search additional recalls or otherwise recommends contacting manufacturers directly.

“Consumers who have experienced or have concerns about accidental activation of the front-mounted control knobs on their cooktop should immediately contact the manufacturer of the range to ask if there is a solution or remedy available from the manufacturer,” the CPSC safety alert said.

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Here’s what the electric Dodge Charger’s “Fratzonic exhaust” sounds like

Cars, Dodge Charger, Fratzonic Chambered Exhaust / /

Does it come with yellow packing strips? —

Dodge wants to keep the aural spectacle even as it moves to electric propulsion.

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A rendering of a silver Dodge Charger EV

Enlarge / Dodge doesn’t want to be accused of building a boring EV.

Dodge

Electric motors have many advantages over internal combustion engines, including the fact that they don’t waste a lot of their power as sound energy. So quiet are electric vehicles, in fact, that federal vehicle safety regulations require EVs (and hybrids) to make a certain amount of noise at lower speeds to warn vulnerable road users like blind or visually impaired pedestrians of their presence.

Almost all of those cars end up sounding like a choir of depressed angels, a phrase memorably coined by either Richard Porter or Jonny Smith on the Smith and Sniff podcast. That’s not the case with the forthcoming electric Dodge Charger, however. When it first broke cover in March, we learned that the electric Charger would feature something called a “Fratzonic Chambered Exhaust” to give it some aural character. Now, thanks to the video from Dodge embedded here, we can all hear what that sounds like in practice:

Dodge knows that emotion is a big part of muscle car sales, so it’s made the electric Charger sound very emotional.

The Fratzonic Chambered Exhaust—the name refers to a Dodge logo—combines various chambers underneath the Charger’s body with some woofers and mid-range speakers, all driven by a dedicated 600 W amplifier. The system is also designed to transmit vibrations into the chassis through elastomeric bushings, mimicking an internal combustion engine and its motor mounts.

“We know our Dodge enthusiasts want that visceral feel you get when you drive a Dodge muscle car, and the Charger’s new Fratzonic system delivers the adrenaline-pumping spirit that they expect. It reacts to specific inputs and driving events, giving the driver a direct connection to their new Charger. Simply put, when you hear it and feel it, you will know it’s a Dodge Charger Daytona,” said Matt McAlear, Dodge brand CEO at Stellantis.

As you can hear in the video, the Fratzonic system makes more than one sound. Dodge says it “intensifies a suite of dynamic vehicle events, including power up/power down, idle/rev, acceleration/throttle, powershot [like a boost function], and deceleration/regenerative braking.”

Dodge is not the first automaker to apply a degree of automotive skeuomorphism in an effort to appeal to the more traditionally minded car enthusiast. Last year, we tested a Toyota fitted with a fake manual transmission, and later this month, we’ll be conducting a more extensive test of the Hyundai Ioniq 5 N, which sonically replicates gearshifts, winning over just about every skeptic who has driven it.

The two-door electric Charger Daytona goes on sale later this year and will cost $59,595 for the Charger Daytona R/T and $73,190 for the Charger Daytona Scat Pack.

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In world first, Russian chess player poisons rival’s board with mercury

chess, culture, Mercury, poisoning / /

Poisoned pawn —

At least it wasn’t novichok.

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A still from a video of Amina Abakarova spreading mercury on her rival's chess board.

Enlarge / Amina Abakarova allegedly spreading mercury on her rival’s chess board.

Russia is no stranger to unique poisonings. State agents have been known to use everything from polonium-laced tea to the deadly nerve agent “novichok” when making assassination attempts against both defectors in the UK and internal political rivals like Alexei Navalny. But a new “first” in the long history of poisonings was opened this month in the Russian republic of Dagestan, where a 40-something chess player named Amina Abakarova attempted to poison a rival by depositing liquid mercury on and around her chess board.

Malcolm Pein, the English Chess Federation’s director of international chess, told the UK’s Telegraph that he had “never seen anything like this before… This is the first recorded case of somebody using a toxic substance, to my knowledge, in the history of the game of chess.” Usually, he said, chess rivals confine themselves to “psychological” tactics.

Oliver Carroll, a Ukraine war correspondent for The Economist, summed up the situation with some social media snark: “I know that on the standards of Russian doping it’s perhaps only a 7 out of 10. But still…”

Mercury near the Caspian Sea

The strange story began on August 2, when a regional chess tournament was taking place in Makhachkala, a Russian town on the Caspian Sea just north of Azerbaijan. According to the Telegram channel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Dagestan, emergency services were called after 30-year-old Umayganat Osmanova fell ill during a chess match.

Osmanova said she had seen some tiny gray or silver “beads” rolling out from beneath her side of the chess board, but this apparently didn’t seem odd until she began to feel unwell. A chess.com story translated some of Osmanova’s remarks about what happened. “I still feel bad,” she said. “In the first minutes, I felt a lack of air and a taste of iron in my mouth. I had to spend about five hours on this board. I don’t know what would have happened to me if I hadn’t seen it earlier.”

Such symptoms are consistent with exposure to elemental mercury, the liquid or “quicksilver” version of mercury sometimes used in thermometers. According to the Cleveland Clinic, this form of mercury is “usually harmless if you touch or swallow it because its slippery texture won’t absorb into your skin or intestines.” But if you breathe in any of it, watch out—symptoms occur “immediately” and can include coughing, breathing trouble, nausea, bleeding gums, and a “metallic taste in your mouth.”

Tournament officials consulted security camera footage, where they saw Abakarova walking through a nearly empty room of chess tables some 20 minutes before play was to begin. (In one news account, Abakarova had been asking casually beforehand whether there were any such cameras in the venue.) In the footage, Abakarova walked over to one particular table, pulled a small vial from her bag, and appeared to smear something on the pieces and the table itself.

The security camera footage was soon released onto the Internet, and you can now watch it on YouTube.

Sazhid Sazhidov, the minister of sports of the Republic of Dagestan, posted a note to Telegram after footage of the incident began circulating, saying that “a multiple winner of these competitions, Amina Abakarova from Makhachkala, treated the table at which her opponent—the no less titled European Champion Umayganat Osmanova from Kaspiysk—was to play with an unknown substance which, as it later turned out, was mercury compounds.” (One news outlet claims that Abakarova admitted to police that the mercury she used had come from thermometers.)

Sazhidov noted that he was “perplexed by what happened, and the motives of such an experienced athlete as Amina Abakarova are also unclear to me. The actions she took could have led to the most tragic outcome, they threatened the lives of everyone who was in the chess house, including herself. Now she will have to answer for what she did before the law.”

The president of the Russian Chess Federation, Andrey Filatov, temporarily suspended Abakarova from competitions until the conclusion of the case against her, at which point she could face a lifetime ban from competitive chess.

The source of Abakarova’s dispute with Osmanova remains unclear. One Russian news outlet said that the two had known each other for years but had recently fought. In this version of the story, Abakarova showed up to one recent match with a phone, which is against the rules. Osmanova was upset but did not tell the judges. “She should have been grateful to me that I didn’t make a fuss and forgave her,” Osmanova said. “Instead, Amina refused to shake my hand during the competition last week.”

Chessbase said the dispute was over a recent match between the two in which “both chess players scored the same number of points, but the victory was awarded to Osmanova, based on additional factors.”

Another Telegram channel says that the issue was about negative statements made by Osmanova about Abakarova and her family members.

Whatever the source of the conflict, Abakarova now faces the prospect of several years in prison—and the world of chess just got meaner.

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