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Neuroscientists are racing to turn brain waves into speech

bci, brain computer interface, health, Neuralink, syndicated / /

Many thousands of people a year could benefit from so-called voice prosthesis. Their cognitive functions remain more or less intact, but they have suffered speech loss due to stroke, the neurodegenerative disorder ALS, and other brain conditions. If successful, researchers hope the technique could be extended to help people who have difficulty vocalizing because of conditions such as cerebral palsy or autism.

The potential of voice neuroprosthesis is beginning to trigger interest among businesses. Precision Neuroscience claims to be capturing higher resolution brain signals than academic researchers, since the electrodes of its implants are more densely packed.

The company has worked with 31 patients and plans soon to collect data from more, providing a potential pathway to commercialization.

Precision received regulatory clearance on April 17 to leave its sensors implanted for up to 30 days at a time. That would enable its scientists to train their system with what could within a year be the “largest repository of high resolution neural data that exists on planet Earth,” said chief executive Michael Mager.

The next step would be to “miniaturize the components and put them in hermetically sealed packages that are biocompatible so they can be planted in the body forever,” Mager said.

Elon Musk’s Neuralink, the best-known brain-computer interface (BCI) company, has focused on enabling people with paralysis to control computers rather than giving them a synthetic voice.

An important obstacle to the development of brain-to-voice technology is the time patients take to learn how to use the system.

A key unanswered question is how much the response patterns in the motor cortex—the part of the brain that controls voluntary actions, including speech—vary between people. If they remained very similar, machine-learning models trained on previous individuals could be used for new patients, said Nick Ramsey, a BCI researcher at University Medical Centre Utrecht.

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Elon Musk’s Brain-chip Startup Approved by FDA for Testing on Humans

bci, bmi, brain, brain computer interface, brain machine interface, elon musk, n1 implant, Neural Interface, Neuralink, neuralink n1, News / /

Neuralink, Elon Musk’s brain-machine interface (BMI) company, has announced that it has received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to conduct its first tests on humans. The company is developing minimally invasive brain chips which it hopes to use to restore vision and mobility for people with disabilities.

Neuralink says it doesn’t have immediate plans to recruit participants, however the FDA approval marks a significant step forward after a previous bid was rejected on safety grounds.

In March, Reuters reported the FDA’s major safety concerns involved the device’s lithium battery, the potential for the implant’s tiny wires to migrate to other areas of the brain, and questions over whether and how the device can be removed without damaging brain tissue.

Musk’s BMI startup first revealed a wireless version of its ‘N1 Link’ implant working in pigs in 2020, which streamed neural data in order to track limb movement. It has since showcased its neural implants working in primates, notably allowing a macaque test subject to play Pong using only its thoughts.

N1 Link (left), Removable charger/transmitter (right) | Image courtesy Neuralink

Neuralink’s N1 Implant is hermetically sealed in a biocompatible enclosure which the company says is capable of withstanding harsh physiological conditions. The N1 Implant is implanted by a custom a surgical robot; Neuralink says this ensures accurate and efficient placement of its 64 flexible threads which are distrusted to 1,024 electrodes.

Powered by a small lithium battery that can be wirelessly charged using a compact, inductive charger, the implant is said to incorporate custom low-power chips and electronics that process neural signals and transmit them wirelessly to the Neuralink Application.

Neuralink is currently focused on giving people with quadriplegia the ability to control computers and mobile devices with their thoughts. In the future, the company hopes to restore capabilities such as vision, motor function, and speech, and eventually expand “how we experience the world,” the company says on its website.

That last bit is undoubtedly the company’s most ambitious goal, which the company has said will not only include reading electrical brain signals from paralyzed and neurotypical users alike, but also eventually the ability to “write” signals back to the brain.

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Neuralink “Show & Tell” Coming on November 30th, Hints at Thought-controlled Typing

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Elon Musk’s brain-machine interface (BMI) company Neuralink has been fairly quiet since it last showed off a live trial of the company’s implant in a macaque early last year. Although originally scheduled for October 31st, Musk says a “show & tell” update is coming on November 30th.

The event is said to take place on November 30th at 6: 00 PM PT (local time here). The company’s Twitter profile left a possible hint at this year’s update in an announcement, and it appears to be focused on text input.

The company says in its application FAQ it hasn’t yet begun clinical trials, although BMI text input may be difficult to prove in non-human subjects, so we’ll just have to wait and see.

Like many of Musk’s startups, Neuralink has some fairly lofty goals. The company says in the near-term it wants to help those with paralysis and neurological conditions and disorders and “reduce AI risk to humanity in the long term.”

Here’s a quick recap of events to bring you up to speed for Wednesday’s show and tell:

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