2024 was “a year of growth,” according to fire-suppression company Fire Rover, but that’s not an entirely good thing.
The company, which offers fire detection and suppression systems based on thermal and optical imaging, smoke analytics, and human verification, releases annual reports on waste and recycling facility fires in the US and Canada to select industry and media. In 2024, Fire Rover, based on its fire identifications, saw 2,910 incidents, a 60 percent increase from the 1,809 in 2023, and more than double the 1,409 fires confirmed in 2022.
Publicly reported fire incidents at waste and recycling facilities also hit 398, a new high since Fire Rover began compiling its report eight years ago, when that number was closer to 275.
Lots of things could cause fires in the waste stream, long before lithium-ion batteries became common: “Fireworks, pool chemicals, hot (barbecue) briquettes,” writes Ryan Fogelman, CEO of Fire Rover, in an email to Ars. But lithium-ion batteries pose a growing problem, as the number of devices with batteries increases, consumer education and disposal choices remain limited, and batteries remain a very easy-to-miss, troublesome occupant of the waste stream.
All batteries that make it into waste streams are potentially hazardous, as they have so many ways of being set off: puncturing, vibration, overheating, short-circuiting, crushing, internal cell failure, overcharging, or inherent manufacturing flaws, among others. Fire Rover’s report notes that the media often portrays batteries as “spontaneously” catching fire. In reality, the very nature of waste handling makes it almost impossible to ensure that no battery will face hazards in handling, the report notes. Tiny batteries can be packed into the most disposable of items—even paper marketing materials handed out at conferences.
Fogelman estimates, based on his experience and some assumptions, that about half of the fires he’s tracking originate with batteries. Roughly $2.5 billion of loss to facilities and infrastructure came from fires last year, divided between traditional hazards and batteries, he writes.
Enlarge/ An ambulance arrives at the site after wireless communication devices known as pagers exploded in Sidon, Lebanon, on September 17, 2024.
A massive wave of pager explosions across Lebanon and Syria around 3: 30 pm local time today has killed at least eight people and injured more than 2,700, according to local officials. Many of the injured appear to be Hezbollah members, although a young girl is said to be among the dead.
New York Times reporters captured the chaos of the striking scene in two anecdotes:
Ahmad Ayoud, a butcher from the Basta neighborhood in Beirut, said he was in his shop when he heard explosions. Then he saw a man in his 20s fall off a motorbike. He appeared to be bleeding. “We all thought he got wounded from random shooting,” Ayoud said. “Then a few minutes later we started hearing of other cases. All were carrying pagers.”
…
Residents of Beirut’s southern suburbs, where many of the explosions took place, reported seeing smoke coming from people’s pockets followed by a blast like a firework. Mohammed Awada, 52, was driving alongside one of the victims. “My son went crazy and started to scream when he saw the man’s hand flying away from him,” he said.
Video from the region already shows a device exploding in a supermarket checkout line, and pictures show numerous young men lying on the ground with large, bloody wounds on their upper legs and thighs.
The shocking—and novel—attack appears to have relied on a wave of recently imported Hezbollah pagers, according to reporting in The Wall Street Journal. (The group has already warned its members to avoid using cell phones due to both tracking and assassination concerns.)
According to the WSJ, a Hezbollah official speculated that “malware may have caused the devices to explode. The official said some people felt the pagers heat up and disposed of them before they burst.”
The pagers in question allegedly have lithium-ion batteries, which sometimes explode after generating significant heat. The coordinated nature of the attack suggests that some kind of firmware hack or supply chain attack may have given an adversary the ability to trigger a pager explosion at the time of its choosing.
Hezbollah officials are already privately blaming Israel, which has not taken responsibility, but it has been able to perform surprising electronic strikes on its enemies, including the Stuxnet malware that damaged Iran’s nuclear program.
The Associated Press noted that even Iran’s ambassador to Lebanon was injured in the widespread attack.
Update, 12: 55pm ET: The Times adds a small detail: “The devices were programmed to beep for several seconds before exploding, according to the officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.”
Several of the explosions were captured on video, and in them, the devices appear to “explode” more in the manner of a small grenade (a bang and a puff of smoke) than a lithium ion battery (which may explode but is often followed by continuing smoke and fire), despite some of the early speculation by Hezbollah officials. This is a breaking story, and the cause of the explosions still remains unclear.
Update, 1: 05pm ET: The WSJ quotes regional security analyst Michael Horowitz as suggesting the attack was likely caused by either 1) malware triggering the batteries to overheat/explode or 2) an actual explosive charge inserted in the devices at some point in the supply chain and then detonated remotely.
“Either way, this is a very sophisticated attack,” Horowitz told the WSJ. “Particularly if this is a physical breach, as this would mean Israel has access to the producer of those devices. This may be part of the message being sent here.”
Update, 1: 20pm ET: Reuters notes that Israel has claimed to foil a Hezbollah assassination plot that would have used remotely detonated explosives.
Earlier on Tuesday, Israel’s domestic security agency said it had foiled a plot by Lebanese militant group Hezbollah to assassinate a former senior defence official in the coming days.
The Shin Bet agency, which did not name the official, said in a statement it had seized an explosive device attached to a remote detonation system, using a mobile phone and a camera that Hezbollah had planned to operate from Lebanon.
Update, 2: 00pm ET: In today’s US State Department briefing, which you can watch here, spokesperson Matthew Miller was asked about the pager attacks. “The US was not involved in it,” he said. “The US was not aware of this incident in advance.” He said the US government is currently gathering more information on what happened.
Update, 3: 30pm ET: A former British Army expert speculates about the cause of the explosions, telling the BBC that “the devices would have likely been packed with between 10 to 20 grams each of military-grade high explosive, hidden inside a fake electronic component. This, said the expert, would have been armed by a signal, something called an alphanumeric text message. Once armed, the next person to use the device would have triggered the explosive.”
