Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
French startup Eolink — in collaboration with 15 European energy partners — will install a 5MW floating offshore wind turbine in Bulgaria by 2025. This is part of the EU-backed Black Sea Floating Offshore Wind (BLOW) project, which aims to advance sustainable energy solutions.
BLOW will use Eolink’s patented floating offshore wind turbine design, which the company claims solves existing industry issues by using four steel masts instead of one to spread the turbine’s stresses. This is said to make the overall structure more than 30% lighter. As per the startup, its turbines can produce 10% more energy by reducing aerodynamic interactions thanks to a greater distance between the blades and masts.
The unit will be designed to operate with maximum efficiency in the Black Sea, and this includes fitting it with a larger rotor so it can generate more energy in low-wind areas.
Eolink’s wind turbine. Credit: Eolink
“The World Bank 2021 report indicates there is vast technical potential in South East Europe, with a staggering 166 GW of floating offshore energy in the Black Sea alone, which is the equivalent of five times the electricity consumption of Bulgaria and Romania,” Eolink’s CCO Alain Morry said in the press release. “Through this project we hope to catalyze offshore development across the region, which already has ongoing /fixed-bottom offshore wind projects in Romania”
But although every sustainable energy development sounds like a positive step for the EU, there is a catch: the wind turbine will be used to power an existing gas platform operated by Petroceltic, a Bulgarian oil and gas company. Unfortunately, this isn’t an uncommon practice. Think of Norway’s Hywind Tampen, the world’s largest floating offshore wind farm, which also powers the country’s gas and oil production.
On the one hand, powering fossil fuel production with renewable energy is the lesser evil compared to conventional drilling or burning practices. And developing a new industrial case for offshore wind that other traditional industries is a positive development. One could also argue that the lessons learnt in the process of manufacturing, installing, and operating the wind turbine can benefit larger wind farms in the future.
But on the other hand, it seems like a step backwards for the EU that’s funding a project on green energy in order to harvest the gas and oil that are endangering the planet. And while this might simply represent a transitional stage before we fully depend on renewable energy sources, the bloc should step up its game if it’s to meet its climate targets for carbon neutrality by 2050.
Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
By 2027, Europe has the potential to fully rely on domestic production of battery cells, meeting its EV and energy storage demands without any Chinese imports. That’s according to the latest forecast by Transport & Environment (T&E), a campaign group, which analyzed a range of manufacturer reports and press releases.
The European NGO further estimates that, in 2030, the companies with the largest battery cell production in the continent will be CATL, Northvolt, ACC, Freyr, and the Volkswagen Group.
About two-thirds of Europe’s needs for cathodes — an integral battery part — could also be produced in-house, the report finds. So far, 12 companies plan to become active in this part of the battery supply chain, with 17 plants announced in the region. Existing and scheduled projects include Umicore in Poland, Northvolt in Sweden, and BASF in Germany.
Northvolt’s first battery cell produced at the company’s Ett gigafactory in Sweden. Credit: Northvolt
Projections about the refining and processing of lithium are optimistic as well. While 100% of the refined lithium required for European batteries is imported from China and other countries, the bloc is expected to meet 50% of its demand by 2030. T&E has identified 24 projects so far, including Vulcan Energy Resources in Germany and Eramet in France.
The NGO warns, however, that these scenarios will not be realized unless backed by sufficient and timely funding, highlighting that the US’ Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) could attract European talent and factories to America.
“Europe needs the financial firepower to support its green industries in the global race with America and China,” Julia Poliscanova, senior director for vehicles and e-mobility at T&E, said. “A European Sovereignty Fund would support a truly European industrial strategy and not just countries with deep pockets. But spending rules need to be streamlined so that building a battery plant does not take the same amount of time as a coal plant.”
Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
Netherlands-based solar EV maker Lightyear has announced that it’s freezing production of its flagship model, the Lightyear 0 — less than three months after going into production. As part of a “strategic restructuring,” the company will now focus on making the Lightyear 2, priced at around €40,000. This is expected to go into production in late 2025.
The company’s journey has been a long and impressive one. From a student team at a solar vehicle competition, Lightyear transformed into a startup in 2016, and quickly mapped itself on the automotive map with the Lightyear 0. The solar EV featured some stirring in-house tech, promising to be a game changer in a niche market. It also came with a prohibitive price tag: €250,000.
The Lightyear 0. Credit: Lightyear
Lightyear says that it hasn’t taken this decision to pivot lightly, as it impacts its “employees,” “investors,” “clients,” “suppliers,” and “the government.” The reason behind the move remains vague, with the announcement citing “challenges” over the past months, which made the action a necessary step to “safeguard” the startup’s vision.
It’s not unreasonable to assume that battery supply bottlenecks, semiconductor shortages, and rising costs of materials due to inflation might have impacted Lightyear. And beyond that, with recession concerns increasing, switching from a limited luxury product to a more affordable one seems like a timely strategic move.
With the Lightyear 2, the company is targeting an entirely different (and wider) market, compared to the first model that was mainly intended as a technology demonstrator to be produced in limited quantities.
Sneak peek of the Lightyear 2. Credit: Lightyear
The new five-seater hatchback, with a promised range of 800km and 50% lower emissions compared to conventional EVs, was announced at this year’s CES. While the company hasn’t disclosed many details yet, it said that the vehicle will “inherit all of [the 0’s] innovations at a fraction of the market price.”
According to the CEO and co-founder Lex Hoefsloot’s statement, the new model already counts 40,000 waitlist subscriptions from individual customers, and 20,000 pre-orders from fleet owners.
“We hope to conclude some key investments in the coming weeks in order to scale up to Lightyear 2, an affordable solar electric vehicle available for a wider audience,” he added.
The road to TNW Conference 2023 has started! With only five months to go until Europe’s leading tech festival, TNW is touring several up-and-coming tech hubs across the Netherlands to uncover the best of Dutch tech ahead of its the flagship conference in June.
First stop? Groningen. On Thursday, TNW’s event took place during the MXT 2023, in collaboration with Founded in Groningen and Founded in Friesland. This brought together startups, investors, corporates, and municipality representatives who shared how Dutch companies are enabling what’s next in tech in the Netherlands’ northern regions: Groningen, Friesland, and Drenthe.
Among Dutch startup tech hubs, the North stands out due to its fast growth, with the three regions being home to more than 330 startups that generate over 5,000 jobs. Since 2018, Groningen has seen a 12% annual growth in the number of startups, followed by Friesland at 8%, and Drenthe at 4%.
“If you compare the current startup ecosystem in the North to ten years ago it’s completely different, especially in respect to collaboration. Startups, academia, and investors are now working closely together,” Niek Huizenga, Investor at G-Force Capital, said during the event. “Yet, we have to move forward faster and adopt a growth mentality to be even more competitive.”
“The North is ahead of the other regions in the fields that matter the most, such as energy solutions and agrifood — an advantage that we should be prouder of and communicate more,” Anne-Wil Lucas, Ecosystem Partner at NOM, added.
Erwin Damberg, Private Lead at Founded in Friesland, before announcing the startups participating at the flagship conference in June.
The potential of the northern Netherlands to become one of the most attractive hubs in the country is also highlighted by the innovativeness of the five startups selected to represent the region in the TNW Conference 2023. These are:
Enatom (Groningen)
After almost ten years of collaboration with the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Enatom has developed a next-gen anatomy app for the medical education sector.
Using pointcloud techniques and anatomical preparations provided by the UMCG, the app offers a realistic 3D visualization of the human body that can be used in computers, tablets, and VR/AR glasses. Within the app, anatomical preparations can be studied all the way around, while it’s also possible to annotate and create notes on the 3D models.
This way, the Enatom app can be used by both teachers and students, facilitating flexible access to accurate knowledge in low-resource settings and releasing the pressure on the educational healthcare system.
The team was inspired by the fact that although millions of people still love writing on paper, “the pen has been idle in innovation for the past few centuries,” Marc Tuinier, the company’s founder and CEO told TNW.
And, according to Tuinier, the pen is just the start. “The algorithms and custom hardware we design set the foundation for building products for spatial computing. We believe the future of computing is one in which you’re not confined to a desk (or lap), and we’re going to create the technology to enable that type of work. We’re starting from the pen, and we’ll take it to the glasses experience,” he explained.
The team expects the conference to help attract further interest from potential partners and investors, Visser told TNW.
SusPhos (Leeuwarden)
SusPhos is using chemistry to create a better world. Specifically, the startup upcycles phosphate-rich waste streams to generate high-quality alternatives that can replace current fossil-sourced products — all in a waste-free process.
The company’s patented technology is compatible with various waste streams including agriculture, communal, and the food and beverage industry. Its first products will be flame retardants and specialty fertilizers.
In addition to phosphate products, SusPhos produces recycled coagulants along with other chemicals, while it’s currently preparing its first full-size plant.
Aeroscan (Leeuwarden)
This startup aims to disrupt the real estate inspection and maintenance industry. Using data collected from drones, Aeroscan produces 3D renderings of buildings. Customers can make use of a dedicated web-based application to gain access to these insights.
According to Mark Nikolai, founder and Technical Director of the company, the technology has three main points of impact: it reduces the time needed for experts to generate maintenance reports, it decreases the logistical footprint by allowing digital sharing of 3D visualizations, and, as a result, it lowers the overall cost of real estate ownership.
Aeroscan’s competitive advantage lies in “the combination of in-house competencies,” Nikolai told TNW. “We control the data quality (input), develop our own custom machine learning models for data analysis and deliver an end-user centric web application.”
E-scooters in Paris have become a flashpoint for the industry in Europe and the city’s mayor, Anne Hidalgo, is going to put the question to the people.
As reported by France 24, Hidalgo will allow Parisians to decide whether to allow e-scooter rentals to continue. The vote — expected to take place in April — means the three companies that operate in Paris will be kicking off a charm offensive to retain their place in a vital city for micromobility in Europe.
Critically, the outcome of the vote and the fate of e-scooters in Paris could have a wide-reaching effect around Europe and the way cities regulate micromobility vehicles.
But how did it get to this point?
Tier, Dott and Lime won contracts in Paris in 2020 but have had a tumultuous relationship with authorities since then.
The licences were issued as part of a much grander plan by Mayor Hidalgo to reduce car usage in the city but complaints over scooters being parked dangerously or reckless users have beset the programme. For example, tragically, a pedestrian was killed in 2021 when she was struck by an e-scooter rider on the footpath.
A number of politicians in the city have led the condemnations of e-scooters, such as David Belliard, a deputy mayor.
Last year, the situation came to a boiling point when Paris City Council told the three companies in September to make a significantly greater effort on safety.
The companies came up with a joint proposal, which included ID checks, licence plates and sidewalk detection technology as well as a fund for financing infrastructure upgrades on streets.
A spokesperson for Lime told The Next Web that after filing the proposal, the company was met with silence from lawmakers. “At this stage the City has not responded to any of the meeting requests and letters sent by Lime or the two other operators,” the spokesperson said.
Here’s a picture of a Lime scooter being ridden in Paris.
Dott said it too has not had much contact since late last year.
That led to another crossroads last week when a group of employees from Lime, Dott and Tier went to City Hall to request a meeting on the matter, voicing discontent over the lack of feedback from the council as the expiry date for the companies’ licences in March looms. They argue that 800 jobs at the companies in Paris are at risk. One employee said they wanted to put “pressure” on the council to make a decision.
Tense relations
It is amid this backdrop that Tier, Dott and Lime will contend with the vote.
Tier’s director of public policy Erwann Le Page said in an interview that the vote could finally solve the issue for good. “I think it’s good that we ask Parisians what they think. If we do so, we may hear from them that they like scooters,” he said. “I think the City of Paris may have a good surprise by asking Parisians what they think.”
Despite Le Page’s confidence, there has still been great discontent among some quarters in Paris.
Given the scale of the operations in the city with 15,000 scooters, the issues have garnered a lot of attention but grievances raised by opponents and critics in Paris are not unique to the French capital either.
Complaints against e-scooters will be familiar to anyone that has tracked the micromobility industry in recent years. Careless parking, sidewalk riding, street clutter and other dangerous riding activities are all frequent issues that have dogged e-scooter companies in many cities.
Increasingly city authorities are taking action. Vienna is planning a stricter framework of rules this year that will also cut down on the number of e-scooters a company can have in certain districts from 1,500 to just a few hundred.
Last year Rome moved to implement a strict new regime to curtail the more than 14,000 e-scooters on its streets. Meanwhile authorities in an area of Istanbul said they would start towing away scooters left on the sidewalk.
In a bid to appease city authorities and residents, e-scooter companies have rolled out different measures and technologies over the years. This includes the use of geo-fencing to dictate where an e-scooter can park and cameras and sensors that can detect when a scooter is being used on a footpath. Companies like Tier and Sweden’s Voi have rolled out such tech in various markets.
Tier’s director of public policy, Erwann Le Page.
Tier’s Le Page pushed back on some of the criticisms against e-scooters, saying that the industry is much less chaotic than it was just a few years ago. Among the proposals that were sent to lawmakers in Paris, two of them have been implemented by the three companies proactively he said.
First is ID verification to ensure that no one under the age of 18 is riding the vehicle, similar to Rome’s new rules. Secondly is the introduction of licence plates on each scooter, making it identifiable and easier to report to the company or to the police. This measure takes a cue from London where Dott has rolled out such plates to address similar complaints made in that city.
“That facilitates the work of the police,” Le Page said as residents can report dangerous riding or vandalism. “We’re building a partnership with the police in a specific district in Paris to test that to see if that is going to really work.”
Speed freaks
Speed limits are emerging as another chapter in the e-scooter debate. The typical speed limit for e-scooters in Europe has been around 25km/hr but recent moves in several cities have seen that reduced to 20km/hr as authorities have become increasingly cautious about regulating micromobility.
Lisbon recently limited speeds to 20km/hr for the five companies operating there. In Ljubljana, perhaps the strictest restrictions on speed have been implemented with e-scooters required to be slowed to 5km/hr once the vehicle enters an area with many pedestrians.
Kersten Heineke, co-leader of the McKinsey Center for Future Mobility, said that cities are still in something of a transition phase in trying to figure out the best regulations.
“We as a society have gotten used to designating and dedicating a ton of space, and much more than their fair share of space, to cars and personal vehicles,” Heineke told The Next Web. “If you were to apply the same standards that people seem to be applying to scooters to cars, I believe we would have a much more intense discussion about cars.”
Heineke said that Paris may not actually be a massive revenue generator for Lime, Dott and Tier given all the requirements they must invest in but the city is very symbolic as a place to be operating in for your brand.
“Paris isn’t necessarily the city where e-scooter companies make the most money, simply because of how the tender is designed with all the limitations. All the requirements don’t necessarily allow for massive profitability,” he said.
Kersten Heineke, Partner at McKinsey & Company, co-leader McKinsey Center for Future Mobility (MCFM)
The industry is watching
Whatever happens in Paris will be closely watched by players in the micromobility industry. As France’s most populous city, a tourism powerhouse and the host of next year’s Olympics, it is a key case study in how to implement e-scooter regulation at scale.
Other cities could be taking notes.
“It’s the most regulated market in Europe,” Le Page said. “The fleet is capped, you cannot ride if you are under-18, you have mandatory parking zones, the speed limit is not 25km/hr but 20km/hr. It’s very regulated, there’s possibly more to do but it’s a nice showcase of what micromobility can do.”
He added that increasingly hefty regulations could mark a turning point for a company like Tier in how they operate and their ability to generate revenue.
“At some point we won’t be able to operate in an over-regulated market sustainably in economic terms and we will leave,” he said.
Heineke said that it will be important to watch how the “power struggle” between governments and e-scooter companies pans out in 2023.
“There’s going to be this equilibrium eventually between what the cities demand and what the players can deliver to actually turn a profit. There might even be a situation in which we only have three global players that say if you write a tender in a way that doesn’t allow me to make money, I’m simply not going to come to your city.”
Back in Paris, politicians like Maud Gatel, a member of the national parliament and a critic of e-scooters, said effective regulation is still possible.
“I am not against trottinettes, per se,” Gatel said, using the French word for scooters. “In some cities in Paris’ suburbs, the integration of trottinettes is successful. This is not the case in Paris.”
But come April, it will be Parisians that have the final say. Many will be watching.
Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
Wolfspeed — a US-based silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor maker — is set to build a chip factory in Germany, Handelsblatt reports. That’s a significant step for both the country’s green mobility and Europe’s chip industry.
According to the newspaper, the over €2 billion-worth facility will be located at a site in southwest Saarland. Series production is expected to begin in four years.
German auto supplier ZF will hold a minority stake in the factory, but will be a majority shareholder in the accompanying research center.
Wolfspeed’s decision to build a plant in Germany is a boost for the domestic car industry, especially when it comes to electric vehicles. Although silicon carbide (a compound of silicon and carbon) is costlier than conventional silicon, SiC chips are considered more promising: they can increase EV range, reduce charging time, and bring down operating costs due to lower energy consumption.
And with the plant in close proximity to Germany’s (electric) car production sites — think of BMW, Ford, Mercedes, and Volkswagen — manufacturers can hope to secure easy access to the supply chain.
Wolfspeed’s plant is also good news for Europe that’s struggling in chip production — currently accounting for 10% of the global market. The continent’s weak position was especially evident during the pandemic, when supply chains collapsed and it grappled with securing chip access, causing entire industries to sputter.
In response, the EU has been trying to improve its domestic manufacturing capacity. First and foremost comes the European Chips Act, aiming to foster a local semiconductor industry and pushing the bloc’s global market share to 20% by 2030. The Union has also been attempting to attract global players to build factories in the continent — like Intel’s €68 billion investment in a site in Germany and now Wolfspeed.
Europe may only be at the beginning of its plans to become a major chip producer, but there is cause for hope.
At the World Economic Forum in Davos, the EU Commission head Ursula von der Leyen stressed the bloc’s need to boost its clean tech industry and increase its competitiveness against the US and China– amidst increasing trade tensions with both nations.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the market for mass-manufactured clean energy tech will be worth around $650 billion a year by 2030 — three times more than today’s levels. And according to Von der Leyen, the targeted net-zero transformation is already causing tremendous industrial, economic, and geopolitical shifts — leaving the EU with a small window of opportunity to invest and gain leadership in the industry.
The newly-announced Green Deal Industrial Plan (GDIP) aims to make Europe “the home of clean tech.” To realize that, it focuses on four main points: the regulatory environment, financing, skills, and trade.
The first pillar will see the creation of a regulatory framework that will simplify and fast-track access to funding and permits, focusing on critical net-zero sectors such as wind, solar, and clean hydrogen. To support this, a new Net-Zero Industry Act will set clear goals for European clean tech by 2030. In essence, it will target investments on strategic projects along the entire supply chain.
“So far, the EU taxonomy has shortcomings, hindering the inclusion and growth of innovative players,” Dr Andreas Sichert — CEO of German clean tech company Orcan Energy — told TNW in response to the GDIP. “We must harness the small window to foster innovation and clean tech and ensure their quick scale-up by creating a fertilizing regulatory environment free of blockages.”
The plan’s second focal point is to drive up investment and financing of clean tech production. “To keep European industry attractive, there is a need to be competitive with the offers and incentives that are currently available outside the EU,” Von der Leyen noted.
For this reason, the bloc should temporarily adapt its state aid rules to make them faster and simpler for calculations, procedures, and approvals — such as the tax-break option. And to ensure funding support across the entire Union, the Commission will prepare a European Sovereignty Fund.
The GDIP will also aim for the growth of the skills and skilled workers needed to facilitate the transition. It will finally seek to promote global and open fair trade.
“For clean tech to deliver net zero globally, there will be a need for strong and resilient supply chains. Our economies will rely ever more on international trade as the transition speeds up to open up more markets and to access the inputs needed for industry,” the Commission’s chief said.
While she highlighted international trade’s importance for the EU, she also stressed that “competition on net zero must be based on a level playing field.”
This echoes European concerns over the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) — a $369-billion clean tech subsidy package targeted for North American-made products. Since the act’s announcement, various EU leaders have voiced fears over its potential to discriminate against Union-based firms, or to lure them to the US.
“Our aim should be to avoid disruptions in transatlantic trade and investment. We should work towards ensuring that our respective incentive programmes are fair and mutually reinforcing,” Von der Leyen said.
The requirement for fair trade practices also targets China, which — according to the Commission chief — not only restricts access to its market for EU companies operating in the sector, but also encourages them to relocate there all or part of their production.
Von der Leyen expressed the EU’s willingness to find common solutions with both nations and foster beneficial partnerships. But balancing these relationships won’t come easy.
On the same day she addressed the World Economic Forum, Dutch tech industry group FMEasked the Commission for “more unified action” on whether to support new US restrictions on chip exports to China, a key part of Washington’s strategy in its rivalry against Beijing.
The Netherlands is home to ASML Holding NV, a major European manufacturer of semiconductors. Some 15% of its sales went to China in 2021, translating into €2 billion in revenue, which means that adopting the US rules could negatively impact the country.
Inside ASML’s clean room where it manufactures lithography machines. Credit: ASML
Speaking to TNW, Mark Lippett — chip specialist and CEO of UK-based XMOS — stressed that China is “tightly woven” into the global semiconductor supply chain, meaning that “any nation must be very selective when it comes to restricting certain products’ sale to Chinese companies.”
‘When your company is owned by US interests, that balance is put under severe pressure,” he added. “To use ASML as a well-documented example, the company’s American management has instructed it to ‘refrain — either directly, or indirectly — from servicing, shipping or providing support to any customers in China until further notice.’”
According to Lippett, even though the EU could afford to compensate to a certain extent ASML’s loss, were it to exit the Chinese market, the expected protection from the European Chips Act would probably not come in time for companies completely dependent on China for revenue.
And while Von der Leyen proposed “de-risking” rather than “decoupling” when it comes to the Asian country, she stressed that the EU “won’t hesitate” to investigate unfair practices that distort the market.
Overall, the EU’s position in this situation is a balancing act between geopolitical interests and fast-tracking new initiatives while maintaining focus and funding of existing ones. It remains to be seen whether and how the new Green Deal Industrial Plan will advance Europe’s goal to become a clean tech leader, but it surely must find its balance before the window of opportunity is closed.
Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
The EU-funded Smart European Shipbuilding (SEUS) project launched this month, aiming to improve the shipbuilding process via computational tools.
The launch arrives as the maritime industry’s increasingly embraces digitization and automation, facilitated by rapid advancements in data science and software development.
SEUS is backed by a consortium of eight organizations from five European countries, representing different technologies and parts of the design and shipbuilding industry: computational tools development, industrially applied research, and end-users (i.e. shipyards).
These partners will work together to create a framework for data-driven shipbuilding. According to the project’s description, this will be realized through the development of a new integrated platform that incorporates “early and detailed ship design solutions,” “data management,” and “collaboration software.”
Specifically, the platform will build novel practices for human-centric knowledge management, data-driven AI design elements, intelligent technology, and an Industry 5.0 concept for shipbuilding. It will also reinforce the growth of a European workforce that is highly skilled in the integration and deployment of these new technologies.
The project’s ambition is to cut down engineering time by up to 30% percent reduction as well as achieve an up to 20% reduction in the time needed for assembly and construction at EU shipyards. If it succeeds, it’s expected to not only accelerate shipbuilding’s digital transformation, but also provide shipbuilders in the Union with a strong competitive advantage through cost- and time-savings in the design and production stages.
Finland’s Cadmatic, Contact Software in Germany, and Netherlands-based Sarc BV will be contributing to the technological expertise. Ulstein Group in Norway and Astilleros Gondan in Spain are the two joining shipyards. And three research institutes, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Turku University in Finland, and NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences in The Netherlands, represent the academic partners.
SEUS is being funded by Horizon Europe, the EU’s flagship research and innovation program. The Union is providing approximately €7 million for its implementation.
Optical fibers have become the foundation of modern data transmission, used for everything from telecoms and internet services to governmental and space applications. This is because they’re capable of transmitting larger amounts of data at faster speeds and over longer distances, compared to other technologies.
The structure of optical fibers, however, can occasionally lead to network failures, as any twisted or bent cables can hinder the information transfer. To address this issue, scientists at the University of Bath in the UK have designed a new type of fiber, aiming to enhance the robustness of these networks.
A regular optical fiber consists of three elements: the core, the cladding, and the coating.
The core is at the center and provides a pathway for light (the medium through which data is transmitted) to travel. The cladding holds the light inside the core and controls the direction in which it travels, bouncing along as though reflecting off a mirror. Finally, the coating works as the primary buffer and a jacket encases the entire structure.
The typical structure of an optical fiber. Credit: Bob Mellish/Wikimedia
“Whenever you fabricate a fiber-optic cable, small variations in the physical structure of the fiber are inevitably present. When deployed in a network, the fiber can also get twisted and bent,” Physics PhD student Nathan Roberts — who led the research — said.
These distortions can hinder the light’s optimum pathway and lead to information degradation as it moves between the sender and receiver.
“One way to counter these variations and defects is to ensure the fiber design process includes a real focus on robustness. This is where we found the ideas of topology useful,” Roberts added.
Topology is the mathematical study of the properties of geometrical objects that remain unchanged despite deformations, twistings, and stretchings. It has already been applied to physics and light research, but the Bath scientists are the first to use it in optical fibers.
The physicists have created a fiber that employs topological principles by adding several light-guiding cores in the fiber, linked together in a spiral. Light can still travel between these cores, but, thanks to the topological design, it remains trapped within the edge. These so-called “edge states” are shielded from disorder in the overall structure.
“By adopting optical fibers with topological design, researchers will have the tools to pre-empt and forestall signal-degrading effects by building inherently robust photonic systems,” Dr Anton Souslov, co-author of the study, explained.
Currently, the researchers are looking for industry partners to further develop their concept, which could benefit not only existing communications, but also future quantum networks.
“We have shown that you can make kilometers of topological fiber wound around a spool. We envision a quantum internet where information will be transmitted robustly across continents using topological principles,” Roberts noted.
Compared to conventional computers, quantum technology is expected to be vastly more powerful when it comes to storing and processing information, while promising an unparalleled (so far) level of data security — a potential game changer for information networks.
However, the quantum states of light with transfer information can be easily affected by the environment, presenting a significant challenge. This study may pave the way towards using topological design to preserve quantum information in optical fibers.
Swedish company LKAB has discovered what’s claimed to be Europe’s biggest deposit of rare earth metals, promising a critical boost in the continent’s trade security and green transition.
“Rare earths” are a group of 17 chemical elements composed of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanides. Contrary to their name, rare earths are actually abundant; their rarity stems from the complexity of their extraction, separation, and refining, which can generate toxic and radioactive waste, negatively impacting the environment.
But despite their environmental hazards, they are crucial for the manufacture of numerous high-tech products. This ranges from household goods (TVs, computers, and smartphones) to medical equipment (X-Ray and MRI scanning) and defense systems (jets and night vision tech, among others).
Most notably, they’re also key for the clean energy transition, as they are components of the magnets used in EVs and wind turbines.
LKAB’s discovery, however, could be a game changer. The state-owned company said that it has found a deposit — named Per Geijer — of over one million tons in the Kiruna area, located in Lapland within the Arctic Circle.
The Per Geijer deposit is in close proximity to existing mining operations in Kiruna. Credit: LKAB
“Electrification, the EU’s self-suffiency and independence from Russia and China will begin in the mine,” Sweden’s Minister for Energy, Business, and Industry, Ebba Busch, said in a statement.
“We need to strengthen industrial value chains in Europe and create real opportunities for the electrification of our societies. Politics must give the industry the conditions to switch to green and fossil-free production,” she noted.
Reducing reliance on foreign supply chains and ensuring access to critical raw materials is an integral focus of the EU agenda as well as Europe’s aim to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050.
“Lithium and rare earths will soon be more important than oil and gas,” EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stressed during a speech in September. “Our demand for rare earths alone will increase fivefold by 2030,” she added, highlighting the imperative to avoid becoming dependent as on oil and gas.
In the same line of thought, EU Commissioner Thierry Breton underlined the need for action. “Take China, with its quasi-monopoly on rare earths and permanent magnets and prices rising by 50-90% in the past year alone,” he wrote. “Supply of raw materials has become a real geopolitical tool.”
While LKAB is already investing heavily in the project to move forward, President and Group CEO Jan Moström emphasized that there’s a long road ahead. He expects that it’ll take several years to investigate the deposit, assess its profitability, and evaluate the sustainability and environmental impact of the mining process. Following that, LKAB can proceed with an environmental review application and a permit application.
“If we look at how other permit processes have worked within our industry, it will take at least 10 to 15 years before we can actually begin mining and deliver raw materials to the market,” Moström explained.
Providing that LKAB finds a way to mitigate the environmental cost entailed in mining, the Per Geijer deposit could provide Europe with the impetus in needs to ensure domestic supply of critical raw materials and facilitate its green transition.
Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
Finland clocked a 75% increase in wind power capacity last year, boosting the country’s renewable energy cred.
According to the latest statistics from the Finnish Wind Power Association (FWPA), 2022 was a record time for green power. Specifically, 437 new wind turbines were put into operation, delivering a 2,430MW power capacity. What’s more, wind power covered 14.1% of the country’s electricity consumption, rising from 9.3% in 2021, a period in which 141 turbines were installed.
As a result, Finland now has a total of 1,393 wind turbines with a combined power of 5,677MW — raised by nearly 43% in 2022 alone. Some 47% of the total wind power is domestically owned, and the majority of turbines have between 3 and 4.99MW power capacity.
Notably, the projects completed last year brought over €2.9 billion worth of investments into the country. This makes wind power one of the most funded sectors in the Nordic nation.
“No other industry currently brings as many annual investment euros to Finland as wind power. Wind power also brings vitality to many small municipalities, where investment targets may otherwise be few,” Anni Mikkonen, FWPA’s CEO, noted.
“In addition to investments, wind power is now increasing our country’s energy self-sufficiency at a really good pace — just when new and affordable electricity production is most needed. No other electricity generation can be built in Finland as quickly and as cost-effectively right now,” she added.
According to FWPA, the future of Finnish wind energy is looking brighter and brighter. Approximately 1,000MW of power capacity will be completed this year, over 1,200MW in 2024, and around 1,000MW in 2025 — when wind power is projected to cover at least 28% of Finland’s electricity consumption.
If this pace is kept, the country will not only strengthen its energy efficiency, but also increase its competitive advantage in the industry — in effect, attracting more capital in its wind projects and promoting local companies active in the field.
Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives. Ioanna is a writer at SHIFT. She likes the transition from old to modern, and she’s all about shifting perspectives.
On Monday, the UK government launched a £7M tech fund aiming to decarbonize the freight industry and improve transport links.
Over the course of three years, the Freight Innovation Fund (FIF) will go to up to 36 SMEs to develop innovative technologies that can make industrial transport more “efficient,” “resilient,” and “greener.”
“Each year in the UK, we transport 1.6 billion tonnes of freight using many different modes of transport, and it has never been quicker or easier,” Nicola Yates OBE, CEO at Connected Places Catapult — the government’s innovation accelerator — said in the associated press release. “The freight sector makes a huge contribution to our economy and contributes significantly to domestic carbon emissions,” she added.
The fund will support the development of ideas and respective technology which will mainly address three persistent issues in the freight sector:
The lack of large-scale, cross-industry data collection and sharing between different modes of freight transport (such as road, rail, and maritime) that could boost efficiency and coordination.
Issues in intermodal transport and ways to improve the division of large shipments into smaller ones, which could reduce emissions and traffic.
Upgrades in freight distribution in ports across different transport modes that could have a positive ripple effect on the predictability, scheduling, and efficiency of journeys.
The FIF will be delivered to SMEs by Delivered by Connected Places Catapult, allowing them access to technical and business support from the organization.
The selected SMEs will also benefit from a freight innovation fund accelerator, which will provide support to innovators and help them access private investment, as well as from a freight innovation cluster — a community of innovators within the sector that organizes networking events and activities.
“Our freight industry is vital to underpinning the economy and keeps Britain moving, so it is crucial we invest in new innovations to make it greener and quicker, Roads Minister Richard Holden noted. “This fund will accelerate new ideas and technologies, helping to develop a future pipeline of innovations that can be rolled out to create jobs and allow everyone to get their goods faster and easier.”