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google-pixel-9a-review:-all-the-phone-you-need

Google Pixel 9a review: All the phone you need


The Pixel 9a looks great and shoots lovely photos, but it’s light on AI.

Pixel 9a floating back

The Pixel 9a adopts a streamlined design. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The Pixel 9a adopts a streamlined design. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

It took a few years, but Google’s Pixel phones have risen to the top of the Android ranks, and its new Pixel 9a keeps most of what has made flagship Pixel phones so good, including the slick software and versatile cameras. Despite a revamped design and larger battery, Google has maintained the $499 price point of last year’s phone, undercutting other “budget” devices like the iPhone 16e.

However, hitting this price point involves trade-offs in materials, charging, and—significantly—the on-device AI capabilities compared to its pricier siblings. None of those are deal-breakers, though. In fact, the Pixel 9a may be coming along at just the right time. As we enter a period of uncertainty for imported gadgets, a modestly priced phone with lengthy support could be the perfect purchase.

A simpler silhouette

The Pixel 9a sports the same rounded corners and flat edges we’ve seen on other recent smartphones. The aluminum frame has a smooth, almost silky texture, with rolled edges that flow into the front and back covers.

Pixel 9a in hand

The 9a is just small enough to be cozy in your hand.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The 9a is just small enough to be cozy in your hand. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

On the front, there’s a sheet of Gorilla Glass 3, which has been a mainstay of budget phones for years. On the back, Google used recycled plastic with a matte finish. It attracts more dust and grime than glass, but it doesn’t show fingerprints as clearly. The plastic doesn’t feel as solid as the glass backs on Google’s more expensive phones, and the edge where it meets the aluminum frame feels a bit more sharp and abrupt than the glass on Google’s flagship phones.

Specs at a glance: Google Pixel 9a
SoC Google Tensor G4
Memory 8GB
Storage 128GB, 256GB
Display 1080×2424 6.3″ pOLED, 60–120 Hz
Cameras 48 MP primary, f/1.7, OIS; 13 MP ultrawide, f/2.2; 13 MP selfie, f/2.2
Software Android 15, 7 years of OS updates
Battery 5,100 mAh, 23 W wired charging, 7.5 W wireless charging
Connectivity Wi-Fi 6e, NFC, Bluetooth 5.3, sub-6 GHz 5G
Measurements 154.7×73.3×8.9 mm; 185 g

Were it not for the “G” logo emblazoned on the back, you might not recognize the Pixel 9a as a Google phone. It lacks the camera bar that has been central to the design language of all Google’s recent devices, opting instead for a sleeker flat design.

The move to a pOLED display saved a few millimeters, giving the designers a bit more internal volume. In the past, Google has always pushed toward thinner and thinner Pixels, but it retained the same 8.9 mm thickness for the Pixel 9a. Rather than shave off a millimeter, Google equipped the Pixel 9a with a 5,100 mAh battery, which is the largest ever in a Pixel, even beating out the larger and more expensive Pixel 9 Pro XL by a touch.

Pixel 9a and Pixel 8a

The Pixel 9a (left) drops the camera bar from the Pixel 8a (right).

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The Pixel 9a (left) drops the camera bar from the Pixel 8a (right). Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The camera module on the back is almost flush with the body of the phone, rising barely a millimeter from the surrounding plastic. The phone feels more balanced and less top-heavy than phones that have three or four cameras mounted to chunky aluminum surrounds. The buttons on the right edge are the only other disruptions to the phone’s clean lines. They, too, are aluminum, with nice, tactile feedback and no detectable wobble. Aside from a few tiny foibles, the build quality and overall feel of this phone are better than we’d expect for $499.

The 6.3-inch OLED is slightly larger than last year’s, and it retains the chunkier bezels of Google’s A-series phones. While the flagship Pixels are all screen from the front, there’s a sizable gap between the edge of the OLED and the aluminum frame. That means the body is a few millimeters larger than it probably had to be—the Pixel 9 Pro has the same display size, and it’s a bit more compact, for example. Still, the Pixel 9a does not look or feel oversized.

Pixel 9a edge

The camera bump just barely rises above the surrounding plastic.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The camera bump just barely rises above the surrounding plastic. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The OLED is sharp enough at 1080p and has an impressively high peak brightness, making it legible outdoors. However, the low-brightness clarity falls short of what you get with more expensive phones like the Pixel 9 Pro or Galaxy S25. The screen supports a 120 Hz refresh rate, but that’s disabled by default. This panel does not use LTPO technology, which makes higher refresh rates more battery-intensive. There’s a fingerprint scanner under the OLED, but it has not been upgraded to ultrasonic along with the flagship Pixels. This one is still optical—it works quickly enough, but it lights up dark rooms and lacks reliability compared to ultrasonic sensors.

Probably fast enough

Google took a page from Apple when it debuted its custom Tensor mobile processors with the Pixel 6. Now, Google uses Tensor processors in all its phones, giving a nice boost to budget devices like the Pixel 9a. The Pixel 9a has a Tensor G4, which is identical to the chip in the Pixel 9 series, save for a slightly different modem.

Pixel 9a flat

With no camera bump, the Pixel 9a lays totally flat on surfaces with very little wobble.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

With no camera bump, the Pixel 9a lays totally flat on surfaces with very little wobble. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

While Tensor is not a benchmark speed demon like the latest silicon from Qualcomm or Apple, it does not feel slow in daily use. A chip like the Snapdragon 8 Elite puts up huge benchmark numbers, but it doesn’t run at that speed for long. Qualcomm’s latest chips can lose half their speed to heat, but Tensor only drops by about a third during extended load.

However, even after slowing down, the Snapdragon 8 Elite is a faster gaming chip than Tensor. If playing high-end games like Diablo Immortal and Genshin Impact is important to you, you can do better than the Pixel 9a (and other Pixels).

9a geekbench

The 9a can’t touch the S25, but it runs neck and neck with the Pixel 9 Pro.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The 9a can’t touch the S25, but it runs neck and neck with the Pixel 9 Pro. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

In general use, the Pixel 9a is more than fast enough that you won’t spend time thinking about the Tensor chip. Apps open quickly, animations are unerringly smooth, and the phone doesn’t get too hot. There are some unavoidable drawbacks to its more limited memory, though. Apps don’t stay in memory as long or as reliably as they do on the flagship Pixels, for instance. There are also some AI limitations we’ll get to below.

With a 5,100 mAh battery, the Pixel 9a has more capacity than any other Google phone. Combined with the 1080p screen, the 9a gets much longer battery life than the flagship Pixels. Google claims about 30 hours of usage per charge. In our testing, this equates to a solid day of heavy use with enough left in the tank that you won’t feel the twinge of range anxiety as evening approaches. If you’re careful, you might be able to make it two days without a recharge.

Pixel 9a and 9 Pro XL

The Pixel 9a (right) is much smaller than the Pixel 9 Pro XL (left), but it has a slightly larger battery.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The Pixel 9a (right) is much smaller than the Pixel 9 Pro XL (left), but it has a slightly larger battery. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

As for recharging, Google could do better—the Pixel 9a manages just 23 W wired and 7.5 W wireless, and the flagship Pixels are only a little faster. Companies like OnePlus and Motorola offer phones that charge several times faster than Google’s.

The low-AI Pixel

Google’s Pixel software is one of the primary reasons to buy its phones. There’s no bloatware on the device when you take it out of the box, which saves you from tediously extracting a dozen sponsored widgets and microtransaction-laden games right off the bat. Google’s interface design is also our favorite right now, with a fantastic implementation of Material You theming that adapts to your background colors.

Gemini is the default assistant, but the 9a loses some of Google’s most interesting AI features.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

Gemini is the default assistant, but the 9a loses some of Google’s most interesting AI features. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The Pixel version of Android 15 also comes with a raft of thoughtful features, like the anti-spammer Call Screen and Direct My Call to help you navigate labyrinthine phone trees. Gemini is also built into the phone, fully replacing the now-doomed Google Assistant. Google notes that Gemini on the 9a can take action across apps, which is technically true. Gemini can look up data from one supported app and route it to another at your behest, but only when it feels like it. Generative AI is still unpredictable, so don’t bank on Gemini being a good assistant just yet.

Google’s more expensive Pixels also have the above capabilities, but they go further with AI. Google’s on-device Gemini Nano model is key to some of the newest and more interesting AI features, but large language models (even the small ones) need a lot of RAM. The 9a’s less-generous 8GB of RAM means it runs a less-capable version of the AI known as Gemini Nano XXS that only supports text input.

As a result, many of the AI features Google was promoting around the Pixel 9 launch just don’t work. For example, there’s no Pixel Screenshots app or Call Notes. Even some features that seem like they should work, like AI weather summaries, are absent on the Pixel 9a. Recorder summaries are supported, but Gemini Nano has a very nano context window. We tested with recordings ranging from two to 20 minutes, and the longer ones surpassed the model’s capabilities. Google tells Ars that 2,000 words (about 15 minutes of relaxed conversation) is the limit for Gemini Nano on this phone.

Pixel 9a software

The 9a is missing some AI features, and others don’t work very well.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The 9a is missing some AI features, and others don’t work very well. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

If you’re the type to avoid AI features, the less-capable Gemini model might not matter. You still get all the other neat Pixel features, along with Google’s market-leading support policy. This phone will get seven years of full update support, including annual OS version bumps and monthly security patches. The 9a is also entitled to special quarterly Pixel Drop updates, which bring new (usually minor) features.

Most OEMs struggle to provide even half the support for their phones. Samsung is neck and neck with Google, but its updates are often slower and more limited on older phones. Samsung’s vision for mobile AI is much less fleshed out than Google’s, too. Even with the Pixel 9a’s disappointing Gemini Nano capabilities, we expect Google to make improvements to all aspects of the software (even AI) over the coming years.

Capable cameras

The Pixel 9a has just two camera sensors, and it doesn’t try to dress up the back of the phone to make it look like there are more, a common trait of other Android phones. There’s a new 48 MP camera sensor similar to the one in the Pixel 9 Pro Fold, which is smaller and less capable than the main camera in the flagship Pixels. There’s also a 13 MP ultrawide lens that appears unchanged from last year. You have to spend a lot more money to get Google’s best camera hardware, but conveniently, much of the Pixel magic is in the software.

Pixel 9a back in hand

The Pixel 9a sticks with two cameras.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

The Pixel 9a sticks with two cameras. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

Google’s image processing works extremely well, lightening dark areas while also preventing blowout in lighter areas. This impressive dynamic range results in even exposures with plenty of detail, and this is true in all lighting conditions. In dim light, you can use Night Sight to increase sharpness and brightness to an almost supernatural degree. Outside of a few edge cases with unusual light temperature, we’ve been very pleased with Google’s color reproduction, too.

The most notable drawback to the 9a’s camera is that it’s a bit slower than the flagship Pixels. The sensor is smaller and doesn’t collect as much light, even compared to the base model Pixel 9. This is more noticeable with shots using Night Sight, which gathers data over several seconds to brighten images. However, image capture is still generally faster than Samsung, OnePlus, and Motorola cameras. Google leans toward keeping shutter speeds high (low exposure time). Outdoors, that means you can capture motion with little to no blur almost as reliably as you can with the Pro Pixels.

The 13 MP ultrawide camera is great for landscape outdoor shots, showing only mild distortion at the edges of the frame despite an impressive 120-degree field-of-view. Unlike Samsung and OnePlus, Google also does a good job of keeping colors consistent across the sensors.

You can shoot macro photos with the Pixel 9a, but it works a bit differently than other phones. The ultrawide camera doesn’t have autofocus, nor is there a dedicated macro sensor. Instead, Google uses AI with the main camera to take close-ups. This seems to work well enough, but details are only sharp around the center of the frame, with ample distortion at the edges.

There’s no telephoto lens here, but Google’s capable image processing helps a lot. The new primary camera sensor probably isn’t hurting, either. You can reliably push the 48 MP primary to 2x digital zoom, and Google’s algorithms will produce photos that you’d hardly know have been enhanced. Beyond 2x zoom, the sharpening begins to look more obviously artificial.

A phone like the Pixel 9 Pro or Galaxy S25 Ultra with 5x telephoto lenses can definitely get sharper photos at a distance, but the Pixel 9a does not do meaningfully worse than phones that have 2–3x telephoto lenses.

The right phone at the right time

The Pixel 9a is not a perfect phone, but for $499, it’s hard to argue with it. This device has the same great version of Android seen on Google’s more expensive phones, along with a generous seven years of guaranteed updates. It also pushes battery life a bit beyond what you can get with other Pixel phones. The camera isn’t the best we’ve seen—that distinction goes to the Pixel 9 Pro and Pro XL. However, it gets closer than a $500 phone ought to.

Pixel 9a with keyboard

Material You theming is excellent on Pixels.

Credit: Ryan Whitwam

Material You theming is excellent on Pixels. Credit: Ryan Whitwam

You do miss out on some AI features with the 9a. That might not bother the AI skeptics, but some of these missing on-device features, like Pixel Screenshots and Call Notes, are among the best applications of generative AI we’ve seen on a phone yet. With years of Pixel Drops ahead of it, the 9a might not have enough muscle to handle Google’s future AI endeavors, which could lead to buyer’s remorse if AI turns out to be as useful as Google claims it will be.

At $499, you’d have to spend $300 more to get to the base model Pixel 9, a phone with weaker battery life and a marginally better camera. That’s a tough sell given how good the 9a is. If you’re not going for the Pro phones, stick with the 9a. With all the uncertainty over future tariffs on imported products, the day of decent sub-$500 phones could be coming to an end. With long support, solid hardware, and a beefy battery, the Pixel 9a could be the right phone to buy before prices go up.

The good

  • Good value at $499
  • Bright, sharp display
  • Long battery life
  • Clean version of Android 15 with seven years of support
  • Great photo quality

The bad

  • Doesn’t crush benchmarks or run high-end games perfectly
  • Missing some AI features from more expensive Pixels

Photo of Ryan Whitwam

Ryan Whitwam is a senior technology reporter at Ars Technica, covering the ways Google, AI, and mobile technology continue to change the world. Over his 20-year career, he’s written for Android Police, ExtremeTech, Wirecutter, NY Times, and more. He has reviewed more phones than most people will ever own. You can follow him on Bluesky, where you will see photos of his dozens of mechanical keyboards.

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google-announces-faster,-more-efficient-gemini-ai-model

Google announces faster, more efficient Gemini AI model

We recently spoke with Google’s Tulsee Doshi, who noted that the 2.5 Pro (Experimental) release was still prone to “overthinking” its responses to simple queries. However, the plan was to further improve dynamic thinking for the final release, and the team also hoped to give developers more control over the feature. That appears to be happening with Gemini 2.5 Flash, which includes “dynamic and controllable reasoning.”

The newest Gemini models will choose a “thinking budget” based on the complexity of the prompt. This helps reduce wait times and processing for 2.5 Flash. Developers even get granular control over the budget to lower costs and speed things along where appropriate. Gemini 2.5 models are also getting supervised tuning and context caching for Vertex AI in the coming weeks.

In addition to the arrival of Gemini 2.5 Flash, the larger Pro model has picked up a new gig. Google’s largest Gemini model is now powering its Deep Research tool, which was previously running Gemini 2.0 Pro. Deep Research lets you explore a topic in greater detail simply by entering a prompt. The agent then goes out into the Internet to collect data and synthesize a lengthy report.

Gemini vs. ChatGPT chart

Credit: Google

Google says that the move to Gemini 2.5 has boosted the accuracy and usefulness of Deep Research. The graphic above shows Google’s alleged advantage compared to OpenAI’s deep research tool. These stats are based on user evaluations (not synthetic benchmarks) and show a greater than 2-to-1 preference for Gemini 2.5 Pro reports.

Deep Research is available for limited use on non-paid accounts, but you won’t get the latest model. Deep Research with 2.5 Pro is currently limited to Gemini Advanced subscribers. However, we expect before long that all models in the Gemini app will move to the 2.5 branch. With dynamic reasoning and new TPUs, Google could begin lowering the sky-high costs that have thus far made generative AI unprofitable.

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japanese-railway-shelter-replaced-in-less-than-6-hours-by-3d-printed-model

Japanese railway shelter replaced in less than 6 hours by 3D-printed model

Hatsushima is not a particularly busy station, relative to Japanese rail commuting as a whole. It serves a town (Arida) of about 25,000, known for mandarin oranges and scabbardfish, that is shrinking in population, like most of Japan. Its station sees between one to three trains per hour at its stop, helping about 530 riders find their way. Its wooden station was due for replacement, and the replacement could be smaller.

The replacement, it turned out, could also be a trial for industrial-scale 3D-printing of custom rail shelters. Serendix, a construction firm that previously 3D-printed 538-square-foot homes for about $38,000, built a shelter for Hatsushima in about seven days, as shown at The New York Times. The fabricated shelter was shipped in four parts by rail, then pieced together in a span that the site Futurism says is “just under three hours,” but which the Times, seemingly present at the scene, pegs at six. It was in place by the first train’s arrival at 5: 45 am.

Either number of hours is a marked decrease from the days or weeks you might expect for a new rail station to be constructed. In one overnight, teams assembled a shelter that is 2.6 meters (8.5 feet) tall and 10 square meters (32 square feet) in area. It’s not actually in use yet, as it needs ticket machines and finishing, but is expected to operate by July, according to the Japan Times.

Japanese railway shelter replaced in less than 6 hours by 3D-printed model Read More »

the-2025-moto-g-stylus-has-a-sharper-display-and-“enhanced”-stylus-for-$400

The 2025 Moto G Stylus has a sharper display and “enhanced” stylus for $400

There aren’t many phones these days that come with a stylus, and those that do tend to be very expensive. If you can’t swing a Galaxy S25 Ultra, Motorola’s G Stylus lineup could be just what you need. The new 2025 Moto G Stylus is now official, featuring several key upgrades while maintaining the same $400 price tag.

The Moto G Stylus 2025 sticks with the style Motorola has cultivated over recent years, with a contoured vegan leather back. It comes in two Pantone colors called Gibraltar Sea and Surf the Web—one is dark blue and the other is a lighter, more vibrant blue. They look like fun colors. Moto’s language makes it sound like there could be more colors down the road, too.

The spec sheet paints a picture of a solid mobile device, but it won’t exceed expectations. Motorola moved to a Snapdragon 6 Gen 3 processor, which runs at a slightly higher clock speed than the Gen 1 it used in the 2024 model. It also has 8GB of RAM and 128GB of storage in the base model. An upgraded version with 256GB of storage and the same 8GB of RAM will be available, too.

Specs at a glance: Moto G Stylus 2025
SoC Snapdragon 6 Gen 3
Memory 8GB
Storage 128GB, 256GB
Display 2,712 x 1,220 6.7″ pOLED, 120 Hz
Cameras 50 MP primary, f/1.8, OIS; 13 MP ultrawide, f/2.2; 32 MP selfie, f/2.2
Software Android 15 (Hello UX)
Battery 5,000 mAh, 68 W wired charging, 15W wireless charging
Connectivity Wi-Fi 6e, NFC, Bluetooth 5.4, sub-6 GHz 5G
Measurements 162.15 x 74.78 x 8.29mm; 191 g

With the modest mid-range chipset, the 2025 Moto G Stylus should have excellent battery life. The company promises more than 40 hours of average usage from the 5,000 mAh cell, and it recharges at an impressive 68 W with a USB-PD cable. It also has speedy 15 W wireless charging. You often don’t even get charging that fast on flagship phones, including the Pixel 9 series.

Making mid-range a little less mid

Motorola opted to upgrade the screen on this device, moving to a 6.7-inch pOLED at an impressive 2,712 x 1,220 resolution. It retains the 120 Hz refresh rate of its predecessor and jumps to 3,000 nits of peak brightness (more than double that of last year’s phone). We haven’t seen this display in real life, but on paper, it checks all the boxes you’d expect from a much more expensive phone.

The phone’s raison d’être has been upgraded, as well. Motorola says the stylus for the new phone is 6.4 times more responsive. Moto is vague about how this was achieved—the stylus itself is still just a capacitive nub rather than an active stylus like you’d see on an expensive Samsung phone. The 2025 G Stylus display reportedly has lower latency, making the stylus input less laggy.

The 2025 Moto G Stylus has a sharper display and “enhanced” stylus for $400 Read More »

don’t-call-it-a-drone:-zipline’s-uncrewed-aircraft-wants-to-reinvent-retail

Don’t call it a drone: Zipline’s uncrewed aircraft wants to reinvent retail


Ars visits a zipline delivery service that’s deploying in more locations soon.

The inner portion of the Zipline P2 is lowered to the ground on a tether, facing into the wind, with a small propeller at the back. Doors on the bottom open when it touches the ground, depositing the cargo. Credit: Tim Stevens

The skies around Dallas are about to get a lot more interesting. No, DFW airport isn’t planning any more expansions, nor does American Airlines have any more retro liveries to debut. This will be something different, something liable to make all the excitement around the supposed New Jersey drones look a bit quaint.

Zipline is launching its airborne delivery service for real, rolling it out in the Dallas-Fort Worth suburb of Mesquite ahead of a gradual spread that, if all goes according to plan, will also see its craft landing in Seattle before the end of the year. These automated drones can be loaded in seconds, carry small packages for miles, and deposit them with pinpoint accuracy at the end of a retractable tether.

It looks and sounds like the future, but this launch has been a decade in the making. Zipline has already flown more than 1.4 million deliveries and covered over 100 million miles, yet it feels like things are just getting started.

The ranch

When Zipline called me and invited me out for a tour of a drone delivery testing facility hidden in the hills north of San Francisco, I was naturally intrigued, but I had no idea what to expect. Shipping logistics facilities tend to be dark and dreary spaces, with automated machinery stacked high on angular shelves within massive buildings presenting all the visual charm of a concrete paver.

Zipline’s facility is a bit different. It’s utterly stunning, situated among the pastures of a ranch that sprawls over nearly 7,000 acres of the kind of verdant, rolling terrain that has drawn nature lovers to Northern California for centuries.

A modest-looking facility amidst beautiful hills

The Zipline drone testing facility. Credit: Tim Stevens

Zipline’s contribution to the landscape consists of a few shipping container-sized prefab office spaces, a series of tents, and some tall, metal structures that look like a stand of wireform trees. The fruit hanging from their aluminum branches are clusters of white drones, or at least what we’d call “drones.”

But the folks at Zipline don’t seem to like that term. Everyone I spoke with referred to the various craft hovering, buzzing, or gliding overhead as aircraft. That’s for good reason.

Not your average UAV

Go buy a drone at an electronics retailer, something from DJI perhaps, and you’ll have to abide by a series of regulations about how high and how far to fly it. Two of the most important rules: Never fly near an airport, and never let the thing out of your sight.

Zipline’s aircraft are much more comprehensive machines, able to fly for miles and miles. By necessity, they must fly well beyond the range of any human operator, or what’s called “beyond visual line of sight,” or BVLOS. In 2023, Zipline was the first commercial operator to get clearance for BVLOS flights.

Zipline’s aircraft operate under a series of FAA classifications—specifically, part 107, part 135, and the upcoming part 108, which will formalize BVLOS operation. The uncrewed aircraft, which are able to operate as such, navigate through controlled airspace, and even near airports, with the help of FAA-mandated transponder data as well as onboard sensors that can detect the presence of an approaching aircraft and automatically avoid it.

A tree-like tower houses a drone with rolling hills as the backdrop

A Zipline drone testing facility. Seen on the right is one of the “trees.” Credit: Tim Stevens

In fact, just about everything about Zipline’s aircraft is automatic. Onboard sensors sample the air through pitot tubes, detecting bad weather. The craft use this data to reroute themselves around the problem, then report back to save subsequent flights the hassle.

Wind speed and direction are also calculated, ensuring that deliveries are dropped with accuracy. Once the things are in the air, even the Zipline operators aren’t sure which way they’ll fly, only that they’ll figure out the right way to get the package there and return safely.

Zipline actually operates two separate aircraft that are suited for different mission types. The aircraft clinging to the aluminum trees, the type that will be exploring the skies over Dallas soon, are internally called Platform 2, or P2, and they’re actually two aircraft in one.

A P2 drone can hover in place using five propellers and take off vertically before seamlessly transitioning into efficient forward flight. When it reaches its destination, doors on the bottom open, and a second aircraft emerges. This baby craft, called a “Zip,” drops down on a tether.

Fins ensure the tethered craft stays facing into the wind while a small propeller at the rear keeps it from blowing off-target. When it touches the ground, its doors pop open, gently depositing a package from a cargo cavity that’s big enough for about four loaves of bread. Maximum payload capacity is eight pounds, and payloads can be delivered up to about 10 miles away.

Where there’s a P2, there must be a P1, and while Zipline’s first aircraft serves much the same purpose, it does so in a very different way. The P1 is a fixed-wing aircraft, looking for all the world like a hobbyist’s radio-controlled model, just bigger and way more expensive.

The P1 launches into the sky like a glider, courtesy of a high-torque winch that slings it aloft before its electric prop takes over. It can fly for over 120 miles on a charge before dropping its cargo, a package that glides to the ground via parachute.

The P1 slows momentarily during the drop and then buzzes back up to full speed dramatically before turning for home. There’s no gentle, vertical landing here. It instead cruises precisely toward a wire suspended high in the air. An instant before impact, it noses up, exposing a metal hook to the wire, which stops the thing instantly.

In naval aviator parlance, it’s an OK three-wire every time, and thanks to hot-swappable batteries, a P1 can be back in the air in just minutes. This feature has helped the company perform millions of successful deliveries, many carrying lifesaving supplies.

From Muhanga to Mesquite

The first deployment from the company that would become Zipline was in 2016 in Muhanga, Rwanda, beginning with the goal of delivering vaccines and other medical supplies quickly and reliably across the untamed expanses of Africa. Eric Watson, now head of systems and safety engineering at Zipline, was part of that initial crew.

“Our mission is to enable access to instant logistics to everyone in the world,” he said. “We started with one of the most visceral pain points, of being able to go to a place, operating in remote parts where access to medicine was a problem.”

It proved to be an incredible proving ground for the technology, but this wasn’t just some beta test designed to deliver greater ROI. Zipline already has success in a more important area: delivering lifesaving medicine. The company’s drones deliver things like vaccines, anti-venoms, and plasma. A 2023 study from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania found that Zipline’s blood delivery service reduced deaths from postpartum hemorrhage by 51 percent.

That sort of promise attracted Lauren Lacey to the company. She’s Zipline’s head of integration quality and manufacturing engineering. A former engineer at Sandia Labs, where she spent a decade hardening America’s military assets, Lacey has brought that expertise to whipping Zipline’s aircraft into shape.

A woman stands by a drone in a testing facility

Lauren Lacey, Zipline’s head of integration quality and manufacturing engineering. Credit: Tim Stevens

Lacey walked me through the 11,000-square-foot Bay Area facility she and her team have turned into a stress-testing house of horrors for uncrewed aircraft. I witnessed everything from latches being subjected to 120° F heat while bathed in ultra-fine dust to a giant magnetic resonance device capable of rattling a circuit board with 70 Gs of force.

It’s all in the pursuit of creating an aircraft that can survive 10,000 deliveries. The various test chambers can replicate upward of 2,500 tests per day, helping the Zipline team iterate quickly and not only add strength but peel away unneeded mass, too.

“Every single gram that we put on the aircraft is one less that we can deliver to the customer,” Lacey said.

Now zipping

Zipline already has a small test presence in Arkansas, a pilot program with Walmart, but its rollout today is a big step forward. Once added to the system, customers can make orders through a dedicated Zipline app. Walmart is the only partner for now, but the company plans to offer more products on the retail and healthcare front, including restaurant food deliveries.

The app will show Walmart products eligible for this sort of delivery, calculating weight and volume to ensure that your order isn’t too big. The P2’s eight-pound payload may seem restrictive, but Jeff Bezos, in touting Amazon’s own future drone delivery program, previously said that 86 percent of the company’s deliveries are five pounds or less.

Amazon suspended its prototype drone program last year for software updates but is flying again in pilot programs in Texas and Arizona. The company has not provided an update on the number of flights lately, but the most recent figures were fewer than 10,000 drone deliveries. For comparison, Zipline currently completes thousands per day. Another future competitor, Alphabet-backed Wing, has flown nearly a half-million deliveries in the US and abroad.

Others are vying for a piece of the airborne delivery pie, too, but nobody I spoke with at Zipline seems worried. From what I could see from my visit, they have reason for confidence. The winds on that ranch in California were so strong that towering dust devils were dancing between the disaffected cattle during my visit. Despite that, the drones flew fast and true, and my requested delivery of bandages and medicine was safely and quickly deposited on the ground just a few feet from my own feet.

It felt like magic, yes, but more importantly, it was one of the most disruptive demonstrations I’ve seen. While the tech isn’t ideally suited for every situation, it may help cut down on the delivery trucks that are increasingly clogging rural roads, all while getting more things to more people who need them, and doing it emissions-free.

Don’t call it a drone: Zipline’s uncrewed aircraft wants to reinvent retail Read More »

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Framework “temporarily pausing” some laptop sales because of new tariffs

Framework, the designers and sellers of the modular and repairable Framework Laptop 13 and other products, announced today that it would be “temporarily pausing US sales” on some of its laptop configurations as a result of new tariffs put on Taiwanese imports by the Trump administration. The affected models will be removed from Framework’s online store for now, and there’s no word on when buyers can expect them to come back.

“We priced our laptops when tariffs on imports from Taiwan were 0 percent,” the company responded to a post asking why it was pausing sales. “At a 10 percent tariff, we would have to sell the lowest-end SKUs at a loss.”

“Other consumer goods makers have performed the same calculations and taken the same actions, though most have not been open about it,” Framework said. Nintendo also paused US preorders for its upcoming Switch 2 console last week after the tariffs were announced.

For right now, Framework’s sales pause affects at least two specific laptop configurations: the Intel Core Ultra 5 125H and AMD Ryzen 5 7640U versions of the Framework Laptop 13. As of April 1, Framework was selling pre-built versions of those laptops for $999 and $899, respectively. Without those options, the cheapest versions of those laptops start at $1,399 and $1,499.

Framework “temporarily pausing” some laptop sales because of new tariffs Read More »

freedos-1.4-brings-new-fixes-and-features-to-modern-and-vintage-dos-based-pcs

FreeDOS 1.4 brings new fixes and features to modern and vintage DOS-based PCs

We’re used to updating Windows, macOS, and Linux systems at least once a month (and usually more), but people with ancient DOS-based PCs still get to join in the fun every once in a while. Over the weekend, the team that maintains FreeDOS officially released version 1.4 of the operating system, containing a list of fixes and updates that have been in the works since the last time a stable update was released in 2022.

FreeDOS creator and maintainer Jim Hall goes into more detail about the FreeDOS 1.4 changes here, and full release notes for the changes are here. The release has “a focus on stability” and includes an updated installer, new versions of common tools like fdisk, and format and the edlin text editor. The release also includes updated HTML Help files.

Hall talked with Ars about several of these changes when we interviewed him about FreeDOS in 2024. The team issued the first release candidate for FreeDOS 1.4 back in January.

As with older versions, the FreeDOS installer is available in multiple formats based on the kind of system you’re installing it on. For any “modern” PC (where “modern” covers anything that’s shipped since the turn of the millennium), ISO and USB installers are available for creating bootable CDs, DVDs, or USB drives. FreeDOS is also available for vintage systems as a completely separate “Floppy-Only Edition” that fits on 720KB, 1.44MB, or 1.2MB 5.25 and 3.5-inch floppy disks. This edition “contains a limited set of FreeDOS programs that are more useful on classic PC hardware” and, to conserve space, does not include any FreeDOS source code.

The standard install image includes all the files and utilities you need for a working FreeDOS install, and a separate “BonusCD” download is also available for those who want development tools, the OpenGEM graphical interface, and other tools.

FreeDOS 1.4 brings new fixes and features to modern and vintage DOS-based PCs Read More »

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Microsoft turns 50 today, and it made me think about MS-DOS 5.0

On this day in 1975, Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded a company called Micro-Soft in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

The two men had worked together before, as members of the Lakeside Programming group in the early 70s and as co-founders of a road traffic analysis company called Traf-O-Data. But Micro-Soft, later renamed to drop the hyphen and relocated to its current headquarters in Redmond, Washington, would be the company that would transform personal computing over the next five decades.

I’m not here to do a history of Microsoft, because Wikipedia already exists and because the company has already put together a gauzy 50th-anniversary retrospective site with some retro-themed wallpapers. But the anniversary did make me try to remember which Microsoft product I consciously used for the first time, the one that made me aware of the company and the work it was doing.

To get the answer, just put a decimal point in the number “50”—my first Microsoft product was MS-DOS 5.0.

Riding with DOS in the Windows era

I remember this version of MS-DOS so vividly because it was the version that we ran on our first computer. I couldn’t actually tell you what computer it was, though, not because I don’t remember it but because it was a generic yellowed hand-me-down that was prodigiously out of date, given to us by well-meaning people from our church who didn’t know enough to know how obsolete the system was.

It was a clone of the original IBM PC 5150, initially released in 1981; I believe we took ownership of it sometime in 1995 or 1996. It had an Intel 8088, two 5.25-inch floppy drives, and 500-something KB of RAM (also, if memory serves, a sac of spider eggs). But it had no hard drive inside, meaning that anything I wanted to run on or save from this computer needed to use a pile of moldering black plastic diskettes, more than a few of which were already going bad.

Microsoft turns 50 today, and it made me think about MS-DOS 5.0 Read More »

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Nvidia confirms the Switch 2 supports DLSS, G-Sync, and ray tracing

In the wake of the Switch 2 reveal, neither Nintendo nor Nvidia has gone into any detail at all about the exact chip inside the upcoming handheld—technically, we are still not sure what Arm CPU architecture or what GPU architecture it uses, how much RAM we can expect it to have, how fast that memory will be, or exactly how many graphics cores we’re looking at.

But interviews with Nintendo executives and a blog post from Nvidia did at least confirm several of the new chip’s capabilities. The “custom Nvidia processor” has a GPU “with dedicated [Ray-Tracing] Cores and Tensor Cores for stunning visuals and AI-driven enhancements,” writes Nvidia Software Engineering VP Muni Anda.

This means that, as rumored, the Switch 2 will support Nvidia’s Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) upscaling technology, which helps to upscale a lower-resolution image into a higher-resolution image with less of a performance impact than native rendering and less loss of quality than traditional upscaling methods. For the Switch games that can render at 4K or at 120 FPS 1080p, DLSS will likely be responsible for making it possible.

The other major Nvidia technology supported by the new Switch is G-Sync, which prevents screen tearing when games are running at variable frame rates. Nvidia notes that G-Sync is only supported in handheld mode and not in docked mode, which could be a limitation of the Switch dock’s HDMI port.

Nvidia confirms the Switch 2 supports DLSS, G-Sync, and ray tracing Read More »

what-is-“microsd-express,”-and-why-is-it-mandatory-for-the-nintendo-switch-2?

What is “MicroSD Express,” and why is it mandatory for the Nintendo Switch 2?

Among the changes mentioned in yesterday’s Nintendo Switch 2 presentation was a note that the new console doesn’t just support MicroSD Express cards for augmenting the device’s 256GB of internal storage, but it requires MicroSD Express. Whatever plentiful, cheap microSD card you’re using in your current Switch, including Sandisk’s Nintendo-branded ones, can’t migrate over to your Switch 2 alongside all your Switch 1 games.

MicroSD Express, explained

Why is regular-old MicroSD no longer good enough? It all comes down to speed.

Most run-of-the-mill SD and microSD cards you can buy today are using some version of the Ultra High Speed (UHS) standard. Designed to augment the default speed (12.5MB/s) and high speed (25MB/s) from the earliest versions of the SD card standard, the three UHS versions enable data transfers of up to 624MB/s.

But most commodity microSD cards, including pricier models like Samsung’s Pro Ultimate series, use UHS-I, which has a maximum data transfer speed of 104MB/s. The original Switch uses a UHS-I microSD card slot for storage expansion.

Why have newer and faster versions of the standard—UHS-II, UHS-III, and SD Express—failed to achieve critical mass? Because for most consumer applications, it turns out that 100-ish megabytes per second is plenty. The SD Association itself says that 90MB per second is good enough to record an 8K video stream at up to 120 frames per second. Recording pictures and video is the most demanding thing most SD cards are called upon to do—give or take a Raspberry Pi-based computer—and you don’t need to overspend to get extra speed you’re not going to use.

All of that said, there is a small but measurable increase in launch and loading times when loading games from the original Switch’s microSD card instead of from internal storage. And for games with chronic performance issues like Pokémon Scarlet and Violet, one of the community-suggested fixes was to move the game from your microSD card to your Switch’s internal storage to alleviate one of the system’s plentiful performance bottlenecks.

What is “MicroSD Express,” and why is it mandatory for the Nintendo Switch 2? Read More »

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Samsung turns to China to boost its ailing semiconductor division

Samsung has turned to Chinese technology groups to prop up its ailing semiconductor division, as it struggles to secure big US customers despite investing tens of billions of dollars in its American manufacturing facilities.

The South Korean electronics group revealed last month that the value of its exports to China jumped 54 percent between 2023 and 2024, as Chinese companies rush to secure stockpiles of advanced artificial intelligence chips in the face of increasingly restrictive US export controls.

In one previously unreported deal, Samsung last year sold more than three years’ supply of logic dies—a key component in manufacturing AI chips—to Kunlun, the semiconductor design subsidiary of Chinese tech group Baidu, according to people familiar with the matter.

But the increasing importance of its China sales to Samsung comes as it navigates growing trade tensions between Washington and Beijing over the development of sensitive technologies.

The South Korean tech giant announced last year that it was making a $40 billion investment in expanding its advanced chip manufacturing and packaging facilities in Texas, boosted by up to $6.4 billion in federal subsidies.

But Samsung’s contract chipmaking business has struggled to secure big US customers, bleeding market share to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, which is investing “at least” $100 billion in chip fabrication plants in Arizona.

“Samsung and China need each other,” said CW Chung, joint head of Apac equity research at Nomura. “Chinese customers have become more important for Samsung, but it won’t be easy to do business together.

Samsung has also fallen behind local rival SK Hynix in the booming market for “high bandwidth memory,” another crucial component in AI chips. As the leading supplier of HBMs for use by Nvidia, SK Hynix’s quarterly operating profit last year surpassed that of Samsung for the first time in the two companies’ history.

“Chinese companies don’t even have a chance to buy SK Hynix’s HBM because the supply is all bought out by the leading AI chip producers like Nvidia, AMD, Intel and Broadcom,” said Jimmy Goodrich, senior adviser for technology analysis to the Rand Corporation research institute.

Samsung turns to China to boost its ailing semiconductor division Read More »

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Google shakes up Gemini leadership, Google Labs head taking the reins

On the heels of releasing its most capable AI model yet, Google is making some changes to the Gemini team. A new report from Semafor reveals that longtime Googler Sissie Hsiao will step down from her role leading the Gemini team effective immediately. In her place, Google is appointing Josh Woodward, who currently leads Google Labs.

According to a memo from DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis, this change is designed to “sharpen our focus on the next evolution of the Gemini app.” This new responsibility won’t take Woodward away from his role at Google Labs—he will remain in charge of that division while leading the Gemini team.

Meanwhile, Hsiao says in a message to employees that she is happy with “Chapter 1” of the Bard story and is optimistic for Woodward’s “Chapter 2.” Hsiao won’t be involved in Google’s AI efforts for now—she’s opted to take some time off before returning to Google in a new role.

Hsiao has been at Google for 19 years and was tasked with building Google’s chatbot in 2022. At the time, Google was reeling after ChatGPT took the world by storm using the very transformer architecture that Google originally invented. Initially, the team’s chatbot efforts were known as Bard before being unified under the Gemini brand at the end of 2023.

This process has been a bit of a slog, with Google’s models improving slowly while simultaneously worming their way into many beloved products. However, the sense inside the company is that Gemini has turned a corner with 2.5 Pro. While this model is still in the experimental stage, it has bested other models in academic benchmarks and has blown right past them in all-important vibemarks like LM Arena.

Google shakes up Gemini leadership, Google Labs head taking the reins Read More »