Windows 11

Microsoft tries to head off the “novel security risks” of Windows 11 AI agents

AI, copilot, microsoft, Tech, Windows 11, windows 11 25h2 / Mike M. / November 18, 2025

Microsoft has been adding AI features to Windows 11 for years, but things have recently entered a new phase, with both generative and so-called “agentic” AI features working their way deeper into the bedrock of the operating system. A new build of Windows 11 released to Windows Insider Program testers yesterday includes a new “experimental agentic features” toggle in the Settings to support a feature called Copilot Actions, and Microsoft has published a detailed support article detailing more about just how those “experimental agentic features” will work.

If you’re not familiar, “agentic” is a buzzword that Microsoft has used repeatedly to describe its future ambitions for Windows 11—in plainer language, these agents are meant to accomplish assigned tasks in the background, allowing the user’s attention to be turned elsewhere. Microsoft says it wants agents to be capable of “everyday tasks like organizing files, scheduling meetings, or sending emails,” and that Copilot Actions should give you “an active digital collaborator that can carry out complex tasks for you to enhance efficiency and productivity.”

But like other kinds of AI, these agents can be prone to error and confabulations and will often proceed as if they know what they’re doing even when they don’t. They also present, in Microsoft’s own words, “novel security risks,” mostly related to what can happen if an attacker is able to give instructions to one of these agents. As a result, Microsoft’s implementation walks a tightrope between giving these agents access to your files and cordoning them off from the rest of the system.

Possible risks and attempted fixes

For now, these “experimental agentic features” are optional, only available in early test builds of Windows 11, and off by default. Credit: Microsoft

For example, AI agents running on a PC will be given their own user accounts separate from your personal account, ensuring that they don’t have permission to change everything on the system and giving them their own “desktop” to work with that won’t interfere with what you’re working with on your screen. Users need to approve requests for their data, and “all actions of an agent are observable and distinguishable from those taken by a user.” Microsoft also says agents need to be able to produce logs of their activities and “should provide a means to supervise their activities,” including showing users a list of actions they’ll take to accomplish a multi-step task.

Microsoft tries to head off the “novel security risks” of Windows 11 AI agents Read More »

How to declutter, quiet down, and take the AI out of Windows 11 25H2

Evergreen, Features, install, Tech, Windows 11 / 9u50fv / November 5, 2025

A new major Windows 11 release means a new guide for cleaning up the OS.

Credit: Aurich Lawson | Getty Images

It’s that time of year again—temperatures are dropping, leaves are changing color, and Microsoft is gradually rolling out another major yearly update to Windows 11.

The Windows 11 25H2 update is relatively minor compared to last year’s 24H2 update (the “25” here is a reference to the year the update was released, while the “H2” denotes that it was released in the second half of the year, a vestigial suffix from when Microsoft would release two major Windows updates per year). The 24H2 update came with some major under-the-hood overhauls of core Windows components and significant performance improvements for the Arm version; 25H2 is largely 24H2, but with a rolled-over version number to keep it in line with Microsoft’s timeline for security updates and tech support.

But Microsoft’s continuous update cadence for Windows 11 means that even the 24H2 version as it currently exists isn’t the same one Microsoft released a year ago.

To keep things current, we’ve combed through our Windows cleanup guide, updating it for the current build of Windows 11 25H2 (26200.7019) to help anyone who needs a fresh Windows install or who is finally updating from Windows 10 now that Microsoft is winding down support for it. We’ll outline dozens of individual steps you can take to clean up a “clean install” of Windows 11, which has taken an especially user-hostile attitude toward advertising and forcing the use of other Microsoft products.

As before, this is not a guide about creating an extremely stripped-down, telemetry-free version of Windows; we stick to the things that Microsoft officially supports turning off and removing. There are plenty of experimental hacks and scripts that take it a few steps farther, and/or automate some of the steps we outline here—NTDev’s Tiny11 project is one—but removing built-in Windows components can cause unexpected compatibility and security problems, and Tiny11 has historically had issues with basic table-stakes stuff like “installing security updates.”

These guides capture moments in time, and regular monthly Windows patches, app updates downloaded through the Microsoft Store, and other factors all can and will cause small variations from our directions. You may also see apps or drivers specific to your PC’s manufacturer. This guide also doesn’t cover the additional bloatware that may come out of the box with a new PC, starting instead with a freshly installed copy of Windows from a USB drive.

Table of Contents

Starting with Setup: Avoiding Microsoft account sign-in

The most contentious part of Windows 11’s setup process relative to earlier Windows versions is that it mandates a Microsoft account sign-in, with none of the readily apparent “limited account” fallbacks that existed in Windows 10. As of Windows 11 22H2, that’s true of both the Home and Pro editions.

There are two reasons I can think of not to sign in with a Microsoft account. The first is that you want nothing to do with a Microsoft account, thank you very much. Signing in makes Windows bombard you with more Microsoft 365, OneDrive, and Game Pass subscription upsells since all you need to do is add them to an account that already exists, and Windows setup will offer subscriptions to each if you sign in first.

The second—which describes my situation—is that you do use a Microsoft account because it offers some handy benefits like automated encryption of your local drive (having those encryption keys tied to my account has saved me a couple of times) or syncing of browser info and some preferences. But you don’t want to sign in at setup, either because you don’t want to be bothered with the extra upsells or you prefer your user folder to be located at “C:UsersAndrew” rather than “C:Users.”

Regardless of your reasoning, if you don’t want to bother with sign-in at setup, you have a few different options:

Use the command line

During Windows 11 Setup, after selecting a language and keyboard layout but before connecting to a network, hit Shift+F10 to open the command prompt (depending on your keyboard, you may also need to hit the Fn key before pressing F10). Type OOBEBYPASSNRO, hit Enter, and wait for the PC to reboot.

When it comes back, click “I don’t have Internet” on the network setup screen, and you’ll have recovered the option to use “limited setup” (aka a local account) again, like older versions of Windows 10 and 11 offered.

This option has been removed from some Windows 11 testing builds, but it still works as of this writing in 25H2. We may see this option removed in a future update to Windows.

For Windows 11 Pro

For Windows 11 Pro users, there’s a command-line-free workaround you can take advantage of.

Proceed through the Windows 11 setup as you normally would, including connecting to a network and allowing the system to check for updates. Eventually, you’ll be asked whether you’re setting your PC up for personal use or for “work or school.”

Select the “work or school” option, then “sign-in options,” at which point you’ll finally be given a button that says “domain join instead.” Click this to indicate you’re planning to join the PC to a corporate domain (even though you aren’t), and you’ll see the normal workflow for creating a “limited” local account.

The downside is that you’re starting your relationship with your new Windows install by lying to it. But hey, if you’re using the AI features, your computer is probably going to lie to you, too. It all balances out.

Using the Rufus tool

The Rufus tool can streamline a few of the more popular tweaks and workarounds for Windows 11 install media. Rufus is a venerable open source app for creating bootable USB media for both Windows and Linux. If you find yourself doing a lot of Windows 11 installs and don’t want to deal with Microsoft accounts, Rufus lets you tweak the install media itself so that the “limited setup” options always appear, no matter which edition of Windows you’re using.

To start, grab Rufus and then a fresh Windows 11 ISO file from Microsoft. You’ll also want an 8GB or larger USB drive; I’d recommend a 16GB or larger drive that supports USB 3.0 speeds, both to make things go a little faster and to leave yourself extra room for drivers, app installers, and anything else you might want to set a new PC up for the first time. (I also like this SanDisk drive that has a USB-C connector on one end and a USB-A connector on the other to ensure compatibility with all kinds of PCs.)

Fire up Rufus, select your USB drive and the Windows ISO, and hit Start to copy over all of the Windows files. After you hit Start, you’ll be asked if you want to disable some system requirements checks, remove the Microsoft account requirement, or turn off all the data collection settings that Windows asks you about the first time you set it up. What you do here is up to you; I usually turn off the sign-in requirement, but disabling the Secure Boot and TPM checks doesn’t stop those features from working once Windows is installed and running.

The rest of Windows 11 setup

The main thing I do here, other than declining any and all Microsoft 365 or Game Pass offers, is turn all the toggles on the privacy settings screen to “no.” This covers location services, the Find My Device feature, and four toggles that collectively send a small pile of usage and browsing data to Microsoft that it uses “to enhance your Microsoft experiences.” Pro tip: Use the Tab key and spacebar to quickly toggle these without clicking or scrolling.

Of these, I can imagine enabling Find My Device if you’re worried about theft or location services if you want Windows and apps to be able to access your location. But I tend not to send any extra telemetry or browsing data other than the basics (the only exception being on machines I enroll in the Windows Insider Preview program for testing, since Microsoft requires you to send more detailed usage data from those machines to help it test its beta software). If you want to change any of these settings after setup, they’re all in the Settings app under Privacy & Security.

If you have signed in with a Microsoft account during setup, you can expect to see several additional setup screens that aren’t offered when you’re signing in with a local account, including attempts to sell Microsoft 365, OneDrive, and Xbox Game Pass subscriptions. Accept or decline these offers as desired.

Cleaning up Windows 11

Reboot once this is done, and you’ll be at the Windows desktop. Start by installing any drivers you need, plus Windows updates.

When you first connect to the Internet, Windows may or may not decide to automatically pull down a few extraneous third-party apps and app shortcuts, things like Spotify or Grammarly—this has happened to me consistently in most Windows 11 installs I’ve done over the years, though it hasn’t generally happened on the 24H2 and 25H2 PCs I’ve set up.

Open the Start menu and right-click each of the apps you don’t want to remove the icons for and/or uninstall. Some of these third-party apps are just stubs that won’t actually be installed to your computer until you try to run them, so removing them directly from the Start menu will get rid of them entirely.

Right-clicking and uninstalling the unwanted apps that are pinned to the Start menu is the fastest (and, for some, the only) way to get rid of them. Credit: Andrew Cunningham

The other apps and services included in a fresh Windows install generally at least have the excuse of being first-party software, though their usefulness will be highly user-specific: Xbox, the new Outlook app, Clipchamp, and LinkedIn are the ones that stand out, plus the ad-driven free-to-play version of the Solitaire suite that replaced the simple built-in version during the Windows 8 era.

Rather than tell you what I remove, I’ll tell you everything that can be removed from the Installed Apps section of the Settings app (also quickly accessible by right-clicking the Start button in the taskbar). You can make your own decisions here; I generally leave the in-box versions of classic Windows apps like Sound Recorder and Calculator while removing things I don’t use, like To Do or Clipchamp.

This list should be current for a fresh, fully updated install of Windows 11 25H2, at least in the US, but it doesn’t include any apps that might be specific to your hardware, like audio or GPU settings apps. Some individual apps may or may not appear as part of your Windows install.

Calculator
Camera
Clock (may also appear as Windows Clock)
Copilot
Family
Feedback Hub
Game Assist
Media Player
Microsoft 365 Copilot
Microsoft Clipchamp
Microsoft OneDrive: Removing this, if you don’t use it, should also get rid of notifications about OneDrive and turning on Windows Backup.
Microsoft Teams
Microsoft To Do
News
Notepad
Outlook for Windows
Paint
Photos
Power Automate
Quick Assist
Remote Desktop Connection
Snipping Tool
Solitaire & Casual Games
Sound Recorder
Sticky Notes
Terminal
Weather
Web Media Extensions
Xbox
Xbox Live

In Windows 11 23H2, Microsoft moved almost all of Windows’ non-removable apps to a System Components section, where they can be configured but not removed; this is where things like Phone Link, the Microsoft Store, Dev Home, and the Game Bar have ended up. The exception is Edge and its associated updater and WebView components; these are not removable, but they aren’t listed as “system components” for some reason, either.

Start, Search, Taskbar, and lock screen decluttering

Microsoft has been on a yearslong crusade against unused space in the Start menu and taskbar, which means there’s plenty here to turn off.

Right-click an empty space on the desktop, click Personalize, and click any of the other built-in Windows themes to turn off the Windows Spotlight dynamic wallpapers and the “Learn about this picture” icon.
Right-click the Taskbar and click Taskbar settings. I usually disable the Widgets board; you can leave this if you want to keep the little local weather icon in the lower-left corner of your screen, but this space is also sometimes used to present junky news articles from the Microsoft Start service.
- If you want to keep Widgets enabled but clean it up a bit, open the Widgets menu, click the Settings gear in the top-right corner, scroll to “Show or hide feeds,” and turn the feed off. This will keep the weather, local sports scores, stocks, and a few other widgets, but it will get rid of the spammy news articles.
Also in the Taskbar settings, I usually change the Search field to “search icon only” to get rid of the picture in the search field and reduce the amount of space it takes up. Toggle the different settings until you find one you like.

Open Settings > Privacy & Security > Recommendations & offers and disable “Personalized offers,” “Improve Start and search results,” “Show notifications in Settings,” “Recommendations and offers in Settings,” and “Advertising ID” (some of these may already be turned off). These settings mostly either send data to Microsoft or clutter up the Settings app with various recommendations and ads.
Open Settings > Privacy & Security > Diagnostics & feedback, scroll down to “Feedback frequency,” and select “Never” to turn off all notifications requesting feedback about various Windows features.
Open Settings > Privacy & Security, click Search and disable “Show search highlights.” This cleans up the Search menu quite a bit, focusing it on searches you’ve done yourself and locally installed apps.

Open Settings > Personalization > Lock screen. Under “Personalize your lock screen,” switch from “Windows spotlight” to either Picture or Slideshow to use local images for your lock screen, and then uncheck the “get fun facts, tips, tricks, and more” box that appears. This will hide the other text boxes and clickable elements that Windows automatically adds to the lock screen in Spotlight mode. Under “Lock screen status,” select “none” to hide the weather widget and other stocks and news widgets from your lock screen.
If you own a newer Windows PC with a dedicated Copilot key, you can navigate to Settings > Personalization > Text input and scroll down to remap the key. Unfortunately, its usefulness is still limited—you can reassign it to the Search function or to the built-in Microsoft 365 app, but by default, Windows doesn’t give you the option to reassign it to open any old app.

By default, the Start menu will occasionally make “helpful” suggestions about third-party Microsoft Store apps to grab. These can and should be turned off.

Open Settings > Personalization > Start. Turn off “Show recommendations for tips, shortcuts, new apps, and more.” This will disable a feature where Microsoft Store apps you haven’t installed can show up in Recommendations along with your other files. You can also decide whether you want to be able to see more pinned apps or more recent/recommended apps and files on the Start menu, depending on what you find more useful.
On the same page, disable “show account-related notifications” to reduce the number of reminders and upsell notifications you see related to your Microsoft account.

Open Settings > System > Notifications, scroll down, and expand the additional settings section. Uncheck all three boxes here, which should get rid of all the “finish setting up your PC” prompts, among other things.
Also feel free to disable notifications from any specific apps you don’t want to hear from.

In-app AI features

Microsoft has steadily been adding image and text generation capabilities to some of the bedrock in-box Windows apps, from Paint and Photos to Notepad.

Exactly which AI features you’re offered will depend on whether you’ve signed in with a Microsoft account or not or whether you’re using a Copilot+ PC with access to more AI features that are executed locally on your PC rather than in the cloud (more on those in a minute).

But the short version is that it’s usually not possible to turn off or remove these AI features without uninstalling the entire app. Apps like Notepad and Edge do have toggles for shutting off Copilot and other related features, but no such toggles exist in Paint, for example.

Even if you can find some Registry key or another backdoor way to shut these things off, there’s no guarantee the settings will stick as these apps are updated; it’s probably easier to just try to ignore any AI features within these apps that you don’t plan to use.

Removing Recall, and other extra steps for Copilot+ PCs

So far, everything we’ve covered has been applicable to any PC that can run Windows 11. But new PCs with the Copilot+ branding—anything with a Qualcomm Snapdragon X chip in it or things with certain Intel Core Ultra or AMD Ryzen AI CPUs—get extra features that other Windows 11 PCs don’t have. Given that these are their own unique subclass of PCs, it’s worth exploring what’s included and what can be turned off.

Removing Recall will be possible, though it’s done through a relatively obscure legacy UI rather than the Settings app. Credit: Andrew Cunningham

One Copilot+ feature that can be fully removed, in part because of the backlash it initially caused, is the data-scraping Recall feature. Recall won’t be enabled on your Copilot+ system unless you’re signed in with a Microsoft account and you explicitly opt in. But if fully removing the feature gives you extra peace of mind, then by all means, remove it.

If you just want to make sure Recall isn’t active, navigate to Settings > Privacy & security > Recall & snapshots. This is where you adjust Recall’s settings and verify whether it’s turned on or off.
To fully remove Recall, open Settings > System > Optional Features, scroll down to the bottom of this screen, and click More Windows features. This will open the old “Turn Windows features on or off” Control Panel applet used to turn on or remove some legacy or power-user-centric components, like old versions of the .NET Framework or Hyper-V. It’s arranged alphabetically.
In Settings > Privacy & security > Click to Do, you’ll also find a toggle to disable Click to Do, a Copilot+ feature that takes a screenshot of your desktop and tries to make recommendations or suggest actions you might perform (copying and pasting text or an image, for example).

Apps like Paint or Photos may also prompt you to install an extension for AI-powered image generation from the Microsoft Store. This extension—which weighs in at well over a gigabyte as of this writing—is not installed by default. If you have installed it, you can remove it by opening Settings > Apps > Installed apps and removing “ImageCreationHostApp.”

Bonus: Cleaning up Microsoft Edge

I use Edge out of pragmatism rather than love—”the speed, compatibility, and extensions ecosystem of Chrome, backed by the resources of a large company that isn’t Google” is still a decent pitch. But Edge has become steadily less appealing as Microsoft has begun pushing its own services more aggressively and stuffing the browser with AI features. In a vacuum, Firefox aligns better with what I want from a browser, but it just doesn’t respond well to my normal tab-monster habits despite several earnest attempts to switch—things bog down and RAM runs out. I’ve also had mixed experience with the less-prominent Chromium clones, like Opera, Vivaldi, and Brave. So Edge it is, at least for now.

The main problem with Edge on a new install of Windows is that even more than Windows, it exists in a universe where no one would ever want to switch search engines or shut off any of Microsoft’s “value-added features” except by accident. Case in point: Signing in with a Microsoft account will happily sync your bookmarks, extensions, and many kinds of personal data. But many settings for search engine changes or for opting out of Microsoft services do not sync between systems and require a fresh setup each time.

Below are the Edge settings I change to maximize the browser’s usefulness (and usable screen space) while minimizing annoying distractions; it involves turning off most of the stuff Microsoft has added to the Chromium version of Edge since it entered public preview many years ago. Here’s a list of things to tweak, whether you sign in with a Microsoft account or not.

On the Start page when you first open the browser, hit the Settings gear in the upper-right corner. Turn off “Quick links” (or if you leave them on, turn off “Show sponsored links”) and then turn off “show content.” Whether you leave the custom background or the weather widget is up to you.
Click the “your privacy choices” link at the bottom of the menu and turn off the “share my data with third parties for personalized ads” toggle.

Edge has scattered some of the settings we change over the last year, but the browser is still full of toggles we prefer to keep turned off. Andrew Cunningham

In the Edge UI, click the ellipsis icon near the upper-right corner of the screen and click Settings.
Click Profiles in the left Settings sidebar. Click Microsoft Rewards, and then turn it off.
Click Privacy, Search, & Services in the Settings sidebar.
- In Tracking prevention, I set tracking prevention to “strict,” though if you use some other kind of content blocker, this may be redundant; it can also occasionally prompt “it looks like you’re using an ad-blocker” pop-up from sites even if you aren’t.
- In Privacy, if they’re enabled, disable the toggles under “Optional diagnostic data,” “Help improve Microsoft products,” and “Allow Microsoft to save your browsing activity.”
- In Search and connected experiences, disable the “Suggest similar sites when a website can’t be found,” “Save time and money with Shopping in Microsoft Edge,” and “Organize your tabs” toggles.
  - If you want to switch from Bing, click “Address bar and search” and switch to your preferred engine, whether that’s Google, DuckDuckGo, or something else. Then click “Search suggestions and filters” and disable “Show me search and site suggestions using my typed characters.”

These settings retain basic spellcheck without any of the AI-related additions. Credit: Andrew Cunningham

Click Appearance in the left-hand Settings sidebar, and scroll down to Copilot and sidebar
- Turn the sidebar off, and turn off the “Personalize my top sites in customize sidebar” and “Allow sidebar apps to show notifications” toggles.
- Click Copilot under App specific settings. Turn off “Show Copilot button on the toolbar.” Then, back in the Copilot and sidebar settings, turn off the “Show sidebar button” toggle that has just appeared.
Click Languages in the left-hand navigation. Disable “Use Copilot for writing on the web.” Turn off “use text prediction” if you want to prevent things you type from being sent to Microsoft, and switch the spellchecker from Microsoft Editor to Basic. (I don’t actually mind Microsoft Editor, but it’s worth remembering if you’re trying to minimize the amount of data Edge sends back to the company.)

Windows-as-a-nuisance

The most time-consuming part of installing a fresh, direct-from-Microsoft copy of Windows XP or Windows 7 was usually reinstalling all the apps you wanted to run on your PC, from your preferred browser to Office, Adobe Reader, Photoshop, and the VLC player. You still need to do all of that in a new Windows 11 installation. But now more than ever, most people will want to go through the OS and turn off a bunch of stuff to make the day-to-day experience of using the operating system less annoying.

That’s more relevant now that Microsoft has formally ended support for Windows 10. Yes, Windows 10 users can get an extra year of security updates relatively easily, but many who have been putting off the Windows 11 upgrade will be taking the plunge this year.

The settings changes we’ve recommended here may not fix everything, but they can at least give you some peace, shoving Microsoft into the background and allowing you to do what you want with your PC without as much hassle. Ideally, Microsoft would insist on respectful, user-friendly defaults itself. But until that happens, these changes are the best you can do.

Andrew is a Senior Technology Reporter at Ars Technica, with a focus on consumer tech including computer hardware and in-depth reviews of operating systems like Windows and macOS. Andrew lives in Philadelphia and co-hosts a weekly book podcast called Overdue.

How to declutter, quiet down, and take the AI out of Windows 11 25H2 Read More »

Closing Windows 11’s Task Manager accidentally opens up more copies of Task Manager

Tech, Windows 11, windows 11 24h2, windows 11 25h2 / 9u50fv / October 31, 2025

One reason to use the Task Manager in Windows is to see if any of the apps running on your computer are misbehaving or using a disproportionate amount of resources. But what do you do when the misbehaving app is the Task Manager itself?

After a recent Windows update, some users (including Windows Latest) noticed that closing the Task Manager window was actually failing to close the app, leaving the executable running in memory. More worryingly, each time you open the Task Manager, it spawns a new process on top of the old one, which you can repeat essentially infinitely (or until your PC buckles under the pressure).

Each instance of Task Manager takes up around 20MB of system RAM and hovers between 0 and 2 percent CPU usage—if you have just a handful of instances open, it’s unlikely that you’d notice much of a performance impact. But if you use Task Manager frequently or just go a long time between reboots, opening up two or three dozen copies of the process that are all intermittently using a fraction of your CPU can add up, leading to a potentially significant impact on performance and battery life.

Closing Windows 11’s Task Manager accidentally opens up more copies of Task Manager Read More »

AI-powered features begin creeping deeper into the bedrock of Windows 11

copilot, microsoft, Tech, Windows 11, windows 11 24h2, windows 11 25h2 / Shannon Garcia / October 17, 2025

everything old is new again

Copilot expands with an emphasis on creating and editing files, voice input.

Microsoft is hoping that Copilot will succeed as a voice-driven assistant where Cortana failed. Credit: Microsoft

Like virtually every major Windows announcement in the last three years, the spate of features that Microsoft announced for the operating system today all revolve around generative AI. In particular, they’re concerned with the company’s more recent preoccupation with “agentic” AI, an industry buzzword for “telling AI-powered software to perform a task, which it then does in the background while you move on to other things.”

But the overarching impression I got, both from reading the announcement and sitting through a press briefing earlier this month, is that Microsoft is using language models and other generative AI technologies to try again with Cortana, Microsoft’s failed and discontinued entry in the voice assistant wars of the 2010s.

According to Microsoft’s Consumer Chief Marketing Officer Yusuf Mehdi, “AI PCs” should be able to recognize input “naturally, in text or voice,” to be able to guide users based on what’s on their screens at any given moment, and that AI assistants “should be able to take action on your behalf.”

The biggest of today’s announcements is the introduction of a new “Hey, Copilot” activation phrase for Windows 11 PCs, which once enabled users to summon the chatbot using only their voice rather than a mouse or keyboard (if you do want to use the keyboard, either the Copilot key or the same Windows + C keyboard shortcut that used to bring up Cortana will also summon Copilot). Saying “goodbye” will dismiss Copilot when you’re done working with it.

Macs and most smartphones have sported similar functionality for a while now, but Microsoft is obviously hoping that having Copilot answer those questions instead of Cortana will lead to success rather than another failure.

The key limitation of the original Cortana—plus Siri, Alexa, and the rest of their ilk—is that it could only really do a relatively limited and pre-determined list of actions. Complex queries, or anything the assistants don’t understand, often get bounced to a general web search. The results of that search may or may not accomplish what you wanted, but it does ultimately shift the onus back on the user to find and follow those directions.

To make Copilot more useful, Microsoft has also announced that Copilot Vision is being rolled out worldwide “in all markets where Copilot is offered” (it has been available in the US since mid-June). Copilot Vision will read the contents of a screen or an app window and can attempt to offer useful guidance or feedback, like walking you through an obscure task in Excel or making suggestions based on a group of photos or a list of items. (Microsoft additionally announced a beta for Gaming Copilot, a sort of offshoot of Copilot Vision intended specifically for walkthroughs and advice for whatever game you happen to be playing.)

Beyond these tweaks or wider rollouts for existing features, Microsoft is also testing a few new AI and Copilot-related additions that aim to fundamentally change how users interact with their Windows PCs by reading and editing files.

All of the features Microsoft is announcing today are intended for all Windows 11 PCs, not just those that meet the stricter hardware requirements of the Copilot+ PC label. That gives them a much wider potential reach than things like Recall or Click to Do, and it makes knowing what these features do and how they safeguard security and privacy that much more important.

AI features work their way into the heart of Windows

Microsoft wants general-purpose AI agents to be able to create and modify files for you, among other things, working in the background while you move on to other tasks. Credit: Microsoft

Whether you’re talking about the Copilot app, the generative AI features added to apps like Notepad and Paint, or the data-scraping Windows Recall feature, most of the AI additions to Windows in the last few years have been app-specific, or cordoned off in some way from core Windows features like the taskbar and File Explorer.

But AI features are increasingly working their way into bedrock Windows features like the taskbar and Start menu and being given capabilities that allow them to analyze or edit files or even perform file management tasks.

The standard Search field that has been part of Windows 10 and Windows 11 for the last decade, for example, is being transformed into an “Ask Copilot” field; this feature will still be able to look through local files just like the current version of the Search box, but Microsoft also envisions it as a keyboard-driven interface for Copilot for the times when you can’t or don’t want to use your voice. (We don’t know whether the “old” search functionality lives on in the Start menu or as an optional fallback for people who disable Copilot, at least not yet.)

A feature called Copilot Actions will also expand the number of ways that Copilot can interact with local files on your PC. Microsoft cites “sorting through recent vacation photos” and extracting information from PDFs and other documents as two possible use cases, and that this early preview version will focus on “a narrow set of use cases.” But it’s meant to be “a general-purpose agent” capable of “interacting with desktop and web applications.” This gives it a lot of latitude to augment or replace basic keyboard-and-mouse input for some interactions.

Screenshots of a Windows 11 testing build showed Copilot taking over the area of the taskbar that is currently reserved for the Search field. Credit: Microsoft

Finally, Microsoft is taking another stab at allowing Copilot to change the settings on your PC, something that earlier versions were able to do but were removed in a subsequent iteration. Copilot will attempt to respond to plain-language questions about your PC settings with a link to the appropriate part of Windows’ large, labyrinthine Settings app.

These new features dovetail with others Microsoft has been testing for a few weeks or months now. Copilot Connectors, rolled out to Windows Insiders earlier this month, can give Copilot access to email and file-sharing services like Gmail and Dropbox. New document creation features allow Copilot to export the contents of a Copilot chat into a Word or PDF document, Excel spreadsheet, or PowerPoint deck for more refinement and editing. And AI actions in the File Explorer appear in Windows’ right-click menu and allow for the direct manipulation of files, including batch-editing images and summarizing documents. Together with the Copilot Vision features that enable Copilot to see the full contents of Office documents rather than just the on-screen portions, all of these features inject AI into more basic everyday tasks, rather than cordoning them off in individual apps.

Per usual, we don’t know exactly when any of these new features will roll out to the general public, and some may never be available outside of the Windows Insider program. None of them are currently baked into the Windows 11 25H2 update, at least not the version that the company is currently beginning to roll out to some PCs.

Learning the lessons of Recall

Microsoft at least seems to have learned lessons from the botched rollout of Windows Recall last year.

If you didn’t follow along: Microsoft’s initial plan had been to roll out Recall with the first wave of Copilot+ PCs, but without sending it through the Windows Insider Preview program first. This program normally gives power users, developers, security researchers, and others the opportunity to kick the tires on upcoming Windows features before they’re launched, giving Microsoft feedback on bugs, security holes, or other flaws before rolling them out to all Windows PCs.

But security researchers who did manage to get their hands on the early, nearly launched version of Recall discovered a deeply flawed feature that preserved too much personal information and was trivially easy to exploit—a plain-text file with OCR text from all of a user’s PC usage could be grabbed by pretty much anybody with access to the PC, either in person or remote. It was also enabled by default on PCs that supported it, forcing users to manually opt out if they didn’t want to use it.

In the end, Microsoft pulled that version of Recall, took nearly a year to overhaul its security architecture, and spent months letting the feature make its way through the Windows Insider Preview channels before finally rolling it out to Copilot+ PCs. The resulting product still presents some risks to user privacy, as does any feature that promises to screenshot and store months of history about how you use your PC, but it’s substantially more refined, the most egregious security holes have been closed, and it’s off by default.

Copilot Actions are, at least for now, also disabled by default. And Microsoft Corporate Vice President of Windows Security Dana Huang put up a lengthy accompanying post explaining several of the steps Microsoft has taken to protect user privacy and security when using Copilot Actions. These include running AI agents with their own dedicated user accounts to reduce their access to data in your user folder; mandatory code-signing; and giving agents the fewest privileges they need to do their jobs. All of the agents’ activities will also be documented, so users can verify what actions have been taken and correct any errors.

Whether these security and privacy promises are good enough is an open question, but unlike the initial version of Recall, all of these new features will be sent out through the Windows Insider channels for testing first. If there are serious flaws, they’ll be out in public early on, rather than dropped on users unawares.

AI-powered features begin creeping deeper into the bedrock of Windows 11 Read More »

Windows 10 support “ends” today, but it’s just the first of many deaths

Tech, Windows 10, windows 10 22h2, Windows 11, windows 11 25h2 / Shannon Garcia / October 14, 2025

Today is the official end-of-support date for Microsoft’s Windows 10. That doesn’t mean these PCs will suddenly stop working, but if you don’t take action, it does mean your PC has received its last regular security patches and that Microsoft is washing its hands of technical support.

This end-of-support date comes about a decade after the initial release of Windows 10, which is typical for most Windows versions. But it comes just four years after Windows 10 was replaced by Windows 11, a version with stricter system requirements that left many older-but-still-functional PCs with no officially supported upgrade path. As a result, Windows 10 still runs on roughly 40 percent of the world’s Windows PCs (or around a third of US-based PCs), according to StatCounter data.

But this end-of-support date also isn’t set in stone. Home users with Windows 10 PCs can enroll in Microsoft’s Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, which extends the support timeline by another year. We’ve published directions for how to do this here—while you do need one of the Microsoft accounts that the company is always pushing, it’s relatively trivial to enroll in the ESU program for free.

Home users can only get a one-year stay of execution for Windows 10, but IT administrators and other institutions with fleets of Windows 10 PCs can also pay for up to three years of ESUs, which is also roughly the amount of time users can expect new Microsoft Defender antivirus updates and updates for core apps like Microsoft Edge.

Obviously, Microsoft’s preferred upgrade path would be either an upgrade to Windows 11 for PCs that meet the requirements or an upgrade to a new PC that does support Windows 11. It’s also still possible, at least for now, to install and run Windows 11 on unsupported PCs. Your day-to-day experience will generally be pretty good, though installing Microsoft’s major yearly updates (like the upcoming Windows 11 25H2 update) can be a bit of a pain. For new Windows 11 users, we’ll publish an update to our Windows 11 cleanup guide soon—these steps help to minimize the upsells and annoyances that Microsoft has baked into its latest OS.

Windows 10 support “ends” today, but it’s just the first of many deaths Read More »

Steam will wind down support for 32-bit Windows as that version of Windows fades

32-bit, gaming, steam, Tech, valve, Windows 10, windows 10 22h2, Windows 11 / DJ Henderson / September 21, 2025

Though the 32-bit versions of Windows were widely used from the mid-90s all the way through to the early 2010s, this change is coming so late that it should only actually affect a statistically insignificant number of Steam users. Valve already pulled Steam support for all versions of Windows 7 and Windows 8 in January 2024, and 2021’s Windows 11 was the first in decades not to ship a 32-bit version. That leaves only the 32-bit version of Windows 10, which is old enough that it will stop getting security updates in either October 2025 or October 2026, depending on how you count it.

According to Steam Hardware Survey data from August, usage of the 32-bit version of Windows 10 (and any other 32-bit version of Windows) is so small that it’s lumped in with “other” on the page that tracks Windows version usage. All “other” versions of Windows combined represent roughly 0.05 percent of all Steam users. The 64-bit version of Windows 10 still runs on just over a third of all Steam-using Windows PCs, while the 64-bit version of Windows 11 accounts for just under two-thirds.

The change to the Steam client shouldn’t have any effects on game availability or compatibility. Any older 32-bit games that you can currently run in 64-bit versions of Windows will continue to work fine because, unlike modern macOS versions, new 64-bit versions of Windows still maintain compatibility with most 32-bit apps.

Steam will wind down support for 32-bit Windows as that version of Windows fades Read More »

Windows 11 25H2 update hits its last stop before release to the general public

Tech, Windows 11, windows 11 24h2, windows 11 25h2 / 9u50fv / August 30, 2025

Microsoft’s fifth major iteration of Windows 11 is nearing its release to the general public—the Windows Insider team announced today that Windows 11 25H2 was being put into its Release Preview Channel, the final stop for most updates before they become available to everyone. That’s around two months after the first Windows builds with the 25H2 label were released to the other preview channels.

Putting a new yearly Windows update in the Release Preview channel is analogous to the “release to manufacturing” (RTM) phase of years past, back when updates shipped on physical media that needed to be manufactured. Build numbers for this version of Windows start with 26200, rather than 24H2’s 26100.

The 25H2 update doesn’t do a lot in and of itself, other than reset the clock for Microsoft’s security updates (each yearly release gets two years of security patches). Microsoft says that last year’s 24H2 update and this year’s 25H2 update “use a shared servicing branch,” which mostly means that there aren’t big under-the-hood differences between the two. Installing the 25H2 update on a PC may enable some features on your 24H2 PC that had already been installed but had been disabled by default.

Microsoft says that installing the 25H2 update removes PowerShell 2.0 and the Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line tool (both previously deprecated), and that it allows IT administrators to automatically remove some preinstalled Windows apps from the Microsoft Store via Group Policy. But Microsoft hasn’t said much about major, user-facing new features that are unique to the 25H2 update. The 23H2 update from two years ago was a similarly quiet add-on for Windows 11 22H2.

Windows 11 25H2 update hits its last stop before release to the general public Read More »

Having recovery and/or SSD problems after recent Windows updates? You’re not alone.

microsoft, Tech, Windows 10, windows 10 22h2, Windows 11, windows 11 22h2, windows 11 23h2, windows 11 24h2 / Kelly Newman / August 21, 2025

The other issue some users have been experiencing is potentially more serious, but also harder to track down. Tom’s Hardware has a summary of the problem: At some point after installing update KB5063878 on Windows 11 24H2, some users began noticing issues with large file transfers on some SSDs. When installing a large update for Cyberpunk 2077, a large game that requires dozens of gigabytes of storage, Windows abruptly stopped seeing the SSD that the game was installed on.

The issues are apparently more pronounced on disks that are more than 60 percent full, when transferring at least 50GB of data. Most of the SSDs were visible again after a system reboot, though one—a 2TB Western Digital SA510 drive—didn’t come back after a reboot.

These issues could be specific to this user’s configuration, and the culprit may not be the Windows update. Microsoft has yet to add the SSD problem to its list of known issues with Windows, but the company confirmed to Ars that it was studying the complaints.

“We’re aware of these reports and are investigating with our partners,” a Microsoft spokesperson told Ars.

SSD controller manufacturer Phison told Tom’s Hardware that it was also looking into the problem.

Having recovery and/or SSD problems after recent Windows updates? You’re not alone. Read More »

Microsoft and Asus’ answers to SteamOS and the Steam Deck launch on October 16

ASUS, asus rog ally, gaming, microsoft, steamos, Tech, Windows 11, xbox, xbox rog ally / Kelly Newman / August 20, 2025

Asus and Microsoft will be launching their ROG Xbox Ally series of handheld gaming PCs starting October 16, according to an Asus announcement that went out today.

An Xbox-branded extension of Asus’ existing ROG Ally handheld line, the basic ROG Xbox Ally and more powerful ROG Xbox Ally X, both run a version of Windows 11 Home that’s been redesigned with a controller-first Xbox-style user interface. The idea is to preserve the wide game compatibility of Windows—and the wide compatibility with multiple storefronts, including Microsoft’s own, Valve’s Steam, the Epic Games Store, and more—while turning off all of the extra Windows desktop stuff and saving system resources. (This also means that, despite the Xbox branding, these handhelds play Windows PC games and not the Xbox versions.)

Microsoft and Asus initially announced the handhelds in June. Microsoft still isn’t sharing pricing information for either console, so it’s hard to say how their specs and features will stack up against the Steam Deck (starting at $399 for the LCD version, $549 for OLED), Nintendo’s Switch 2 ($450), or past Asus handhelds like the ROG Ally X ($800).

Both consoles share a 7-inch, 1080p IPS display with a 120 Hz refresh rate, Wi-Fi 6E, and Bluetooth 5.4 support, but their internals are quite a bit different. The lower-end Xbox Ally uses an AMD Ryzen Z2 A chip with a 4-core Zen 2-based CPU, an eight-core RDNA2-based GPU, 512GB of storage, and 16GB of LPDDR5X-6400—specs nearly identical to Valve’s 3-year-old Steam Deck. The Xbox Ally X includes a more interesting Ryzen AI Z2 Extreme with an 8-core Zen 5 CPU, a 16-core RDNA3.5 GPU, 1TB of storage, 24GB of LPDDR5X-8000, and a built-in neural processing unit (NPU).

The beefier hardware comes with a bigger battery—80 WHr in the Ally X, compared to 60 WHr in the regular Ally—and that also makes the Ally X around a tenth of a pound (or 45 grams) heavier than the Ally.

Microsoft and Asus’ answers to SteamOS and the Steam Deck launch on October 16 Read More »

Microsoft is revamping Windows 11’s Task Manager so its numbers make more sense

microsoft, Tech, Windows, Windows 11, windows 11 24h2 / Beth Washington / July 29, 2025

Copilot+ features, and annoying “features”

Microsoft continues to roll out AI features, particularly to PCs that meet the qualifications for the company’s Copilot+ features. These betas enable “agent-powered search” for Intel and AMD Copilot+ PCs, which continue to get most of these features a few weeks or months later than Qualcomm Snapdragon+ PCs. This agent is Microsoft’s latest attempt to improve the dense, labyrinthine Settings app by enabling natural-language search that knows how to respond to queries like “my mouse pointer is too small” or “how to control my PC by voice” (Microsoft’s examples). Like other Copilot+ features, this relies on your PC’s neural processing unit (NPU) to perform all processing locally on-device. Microsoft has also added a tutorial for the “Click to Do” feature that suggests different actions you can perform based on images, text, and other content on your screen.

Finally, Microsoft is tweaking the so-called “Second Chance Out of Box Experience” window (also called “SCOOBE,” pronounced “scooby”), the setup screen that you’ll periodically see on a Windows 11 PC even if you’ve already been using it for months or years. This screen attempts to enroll your PC in Windows Backup, to switch your default browser to Microsoft Edge and its default search engine to Bing, and to import favorites and history into Edge from whatever browser you might have been trying to use before.

If you, like me, experience the SCOOBE screen primarily as a nuisance rather than something “helpful,” it is possible to make it go away. Per our guide to de-cluttering Windows 11, open Settings, go to System, then to Notifications, scroll down, expand the “additional settings” drop-down, and uncheck all three boxes here to get rid of the SCOOBE screen and other irritating reminders.

Most of these features are being released simultaneously to the Dev and Beta channels of the Windows Insider program (from least- to most-stable, the four channels are Canary, Dev, Beta, and Release Preview). Features in the Beta channel are usually not far from being released into the public versions of Windows, so non-Insiders can probably expect most of these things to appear on their PCs in the next few weeks. Microsoft is also gearing up to release the Windows 11 25H2 update, this year’s big annual update, which will enable a handful of features that the company is already quietly rolling out to PCs running version 24H2.

Microsoft is revamping Windows 11’s Task Manager so its numbers make more sense Read More »

Office problems on Windows 10? Microsoft’s response will soon be “upgrade to 11.”

microsoft, microsoft 365, Microsoft office, Tech, Windows 10, windows 10 22h2, Windows 11, windows 11 24h2 / Kelly Newman / July 14, 2025

Microsoft’s advertised end-of-support date for Windows 10 is October 14, 2025. But in reality, the company will gradually wind down support for the enduring popular operating system over the next three years. Microsoft would really like you to upgrade to Windows 11, especially if it also means upgrading to a new PC, but it also doesn’t want to leave hundreds of millions of home and business PCs totally unprotected.

Those competing goals have led to lots of announcements and re-announcements and clarifications about updates for both Windows 10 itself and the Office/Microsoft 365 productivity apps that many Windows users run on their PCs.

Today’s addition to the pile comes via The Verge, which noticed an update to a support document that outlined when Windows 10 PCs would stop receiving new features for the continuously updated Microsoft 365 apps. Most home users will stop getting new features in August 2026, while business users running the Enterprise versions can expect to stop seeing new features in either October 2026 or January 2027, depending on the product they’re using.

Microsoft had previously committed to supporting its Office apps through October 2028—both the Microsoft 365 versions and perpetually licensed versions like Office 2021 and Office 2024 that don’t get continuous feature updates. That timeline isn’t changing, but it will apparently only cover security and bug-fixing updates rather than updates that add new features.

And while the apps will still be getting updates, Microsoft’s support document makes it clear that users won’t always be able to get fixes for bugs that are unique to Windows 10. If an Office issue exists solely on Windows 10 but not on Windows 11, the official guidance from Microsoft support is that users should upgrade to Windows 11; any support for Windows 10 will be limited to “troubleshooting assistance only,” and “technical workarounds might be limited or unavailable.”

Office problems on Windows 10? Microsoft’s response will soon be “upgrade to 11.” Read More »

New Windows 11 build adds self-healing “quick machine recovery” feature

Security, Tech, Windows 11, windows 11 24h2, windows 11 25h2 / Shannon Garcia / July 12, 2025

Preview build 27898 also includes a features that will shrink Taskbar items if you’ve got too many pins or running apps for everything to fit at once, changes the pop-up that apps use to ask for access to things like the system webcam or microphone, and allows you to add words to the dictionary used for the speech-to-text voice access features, among a handful of other changes.

It’s hard to predict when any given Windows Insider feature will roll out to the regular non-preview versions of Windows, but we’re likely just a few months out from the launch of Windows 11 25H2, this year’s “annual feature update.” Some of these updates, like last year’s 24H2, are fairly major overhauls that make lots of under-the-hood changes. Others, like 2023’s 23H2, mostly exist to change the version number and reset Microsoft’s security update clock, as each yearly update is only promised new security updates for two years after release.

The 25H2 update looks like one of the relatively minor ones. Microsoft says that the two versions “use a shared servicing branch,” and that 25H2 features will be “staged” on PCs running Windows 11 24H2, meaning that the code will be installed on systems via Windows Update but that they’ll be disabled initially. Installing the 25H2 “update” when it’s available will merely enable features that were installed but dormant.

New Windows 11 build adds self-healing “quick machine recovery” feature Read More »